• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Commercial Korean domestic and foreign intermediate food materials (IFMs) of blueberry, Aronia, oat, sweet pumpkin, and ginger were purchased to compare their functional properties, including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant capacity. Each IFM was extracted using 80% (v/v) methanol for the analyses. The TPC (mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried sample) and TFC (mg catechin equivalent/100 g dried sample) levels in domestic blueberry (TPC, 2,916 ± 200; TFC, 1,327 ± 31) and sweet pumpkin (TPC, 476 ± 20; TFC, 23 ± 32) IFMs were significantly higher than those in the foreign IFMs. In the case of TAC (mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g dried sample), the level in domestic blueberry IFM (949 ± 57) was significantly higher than that in the foreign product. Among the domestic IFMs, the antioxidant capacities (mg vitamin C equivalent/100 g dried sample) of blueberry, sweet pumpkin, and ginger were 7,057 ± 321, 311 ± 8, and 3,321 ± 109, respectively, being significantly higher than those of their foreign counterparts, based on the ABTS radical scavenging assay. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, foreign Aronia (12,667 ± 437) and ginger (2,067 ± 99) IFMs showed significantly higher levels of free radical scavenging activity than did the domestic IFMs. These results provide basic information regarding the functional properties of Korean domestic IFMs, compared with their foreign counterparts.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.137-142
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activities of isolated compounds from the shoot of Aralia elata. Methods : The methanol extract from the shoot of Aralia elata was fractionated into ethyl acetate, n-BuOH and $H_2O$ layers through solvent fractionation. Repeated silica gel, ODS column chromatography of n-BuOH layer afforded four flavonol glycosides. Their antioxidant activity was determined by measuring free radical scavenging activity by DPPH, ABTS and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity assay. Results : They were identified as quercetin 3,7-di-O-$\alpha$-rhamnopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-D-galactoside-7-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-$\beta$-glucosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\alpha$-rhamnoside-7-O-$\alpha$-rhamnoside (3) and quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-glucosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\alpha$-rhamnoside-7-O-$\beta$-rhamnoside (4) on the basis of spectroscopic data. The result showed that 1 is the most active compound in the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging test. Conclusions : Isolated Compounds from the shoot of Aralia elata showed anti-oxidative effect.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, the antioxidant activities of the 80% ethanol and hot water extracts of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque were investigated. Methods : We measured total phenol contents, flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The production of reactive oxygen species was measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells using flow cytometry system. Results : The content of phenol in the hot water extract was $65.529{\pm}0.462mg/g$ and $126.932{\pm}1.894mg/g$ in the 80% ethanol extract, and that of flavonoid in the hot water extract was $16.063{\pm}0.471mg/g$ and $29.159{\pm}1.963mg/g$ in the ethanol extract. The 80% ethanol extract also showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities ($90.8{\pm}1.0%$ and $92.5{\pm}0.7%$) than the hot water extract ($81.5{\pm}0.5%$ and $91.5{\pm}0.2%$). The production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was reduced dose-dependently by 80% ethanol and hot water extract at concentration of 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion : According to these results, the 80% ethanol extract of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque has a good anti-oxidative effects than the hot water extract. Thus, the 80% ethanol extract of Euphorbia supina Rafinesque may serve as useful natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical increases with age, the reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO). Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. Our reserch objective was to examine the in vitro biological activity of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture, including the total poly-phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, Nitrite scavenging ability. The total poly-phenol contents of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 35.859mg/L. Elctron donation ability on DPPH was 36.82%. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ehtlbezothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) was 84.7%. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 44.33%. The nitrite scavenging effects were pH dependent, and were highest at pH 1.5(45.2%) and lowest at pH 6.0(11.3%). We conclude that Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture may be useful as potential sources of antioxidant.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Objectives: Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO) increases with age. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the pharmacological effects of red ginseng for the development possibility to pharmacopuncture drug sources or healthy aid foods. Methods: For our aims, it was investigated the biological activities of Red Ginseng ethanol extracts (RGEE) by measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and cell viability of MCF 10A and SK-MEL-2 in vitro with MTT assay method. Results: The total polyphenol contents of RGEE was 3.06${\pm}$0.11mg/g in 10mg/ml, the total flavonoid contents of RGEE was 1.35${\pm}$0.01mg/g in same concentration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was about 80% and that of DPPH activity was 65% in 50mg/ml of RGEE. The cell viability of SKMEL-2, skin cancer cell line was decreased and that of MCF 10A, skin normal cell line was increased. Conclusions: We conclude that RGEE may be useful as potential functional foods or pharmacopuncture drug sources on the diseases induced by oxidant stress.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extracts from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. leaves, stems and roots at the $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. Methods : The different part of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. extract was prepared using water. The antioxidant activities of polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity, SOD like activity, hydroxyl radical, ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), $Fe^{2+}$ chelating, and nitrite scavenging activity. Results : The total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of leaves were the highest at $221.85{\mu}g/mg$ and $794.13{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability was the 79.68% in the water extract from leaves. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the hot extracts, leaves ${\gg}$ roots > stems was higher in the order. It was shown the highest at 94.53% in the water extract from leaves, which showed a value equal to 94.7% of ascorbic acid. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was the highest at 8.07% in the water extract from leaves. SOD like activity and $Fe^{2+}$chelating activity were leaves of 12.3% and 27%, respectively, which were much higher than those of any other parts. The nitrite scavenging ability of extracts was increased at pH 2.5, and those was the highest in leaves of 83.03%. Its were more than twice the 41.61% of BHT. Conclusion : The results suggest that Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. can be used as nutraceutical foods and natural antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2020

This study attempted to review the possibility of Psidium guajava leaf extract as a cosmetics ingredient by measuring antioxidant activity through ABTS radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, ROS generation-inhibiting effects through DCF-DA assay and antimicrobial activity, and the results found the followings: The Psidium guajava leaf extract revealed excellent ABTS radical scavenging activity. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, no cytotoxicity was found. The ROS generation in the cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The antimicrobial activities were observed in the following strains: S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and P. acnes. In terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on each strain, which ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL, C. albican was the lowest, followed by E. coli, S. aureus and P. acnes. The above results confirmed the effects of Psidium guajava leaf extract: antioxidant activity, inhibition of ROS generation in the cells, antimicrobial effects on skin flora which causes inflammation. Therefore, it appears that the extract would be available as a cosmetics ingredient which is free of toxins and side effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.989-994
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• 2016

As part of our continuing search for bioactive natural products, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of an 80% methanolic extract and organic solvent soluble-portions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots were investigated by using a bioassay system. The antioxidant activity of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were assessed by examining with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging. In addition, anti-diabetic effects of the A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus root extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were tested via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents of the products were determined by applying UV-VIS spectrophotometry. All tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory properties. In particular, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging effects of the ethyl-acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the roots of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus were greater than those from other solvent-soluble portions. These results indicate that A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus could be considered a new effective source of natural antioxidants and anti-diabetic materials. More systematic research of the constituents of the roots of this A. dioicus variety will be conducted to further develop its antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1524-1532
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• 2021

In this study, Gomchwi (Ligularia fischen) derived from Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do was extracted with 70% ethanol (LFE) and antioxidant activity was measured. The following experimental techniques were used to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of LFE. Total phenolic contents, ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging analysis, cell viability assay, NO assay, and quantitative real-time PCR technique. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid was each 113.97±0.37 mg GAE/g or 29.22±2.06 mg QE/g in LFE. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured to be 25 ㎍/㎖ 11.26±0.95%, 50 ㎍/㎖ 17.12±0.63%, 100 ㎍/㎖ 29.54±0.36%, 250 ㎍/㎖ 68.31±0.28%, 500 ㎍/㎖ 75.12±0.05%, and 1000 ㎍/㎖ 75.75±1.57%. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity was identified as LFE 25 ㎍/㎖ 13.75±0.21%, 50 ㎍/㎖ 26.71±0.20%, 100 ㎍/㎖ 56.92±0.22%, 250 ㎍/㎖ 91.30±0.12%, 500 ㎍/㎖ 93.40±0.02, and 1000 ㎍/㎖ 93.19±0.04%. There was no significant cytotoxicity of LFE. NO production was significantly decreased to LFE 50 ㎍/㎖ 79.40±2.64%, 100 ㎍/㎖ 55.01±5.36%, and 200 ㎍/㎖ 30.93±3.11%. Also, the NOS2 gene expression was significantly reduced to LFE 50 ㎍/㎖ 0.94±0.11, 100 ㎍/㎖ 0.59±0.05, and 200 ㎍/㎖ 0.32±0.04. This result objectively confirmed the antioxidant effect of Gomchwi. We will continue to conduct in-depth research. Therefore, it is believed that the possibility of using Gomchwi as a cosmetic and functional food material can be established.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2014

This study investigates the free radical-scavenging activities of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) red and purple flower extracts. The methanol and hot water extracts of flower are being evaluated for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, scavenging activities by the DPPH and ABTS analysis, SOD-like activity, and inhibition activities of superoxide radical on the HL-60 cells and nitric oxide of the RAW 264.7 cells. The PFM (purple flower extracted with MeOH) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, 606.95 mg GAE/100 g and 254.69 mg CE/100 g, respectively. Amongst the scavenging activities of the DPPH radicals, PFM($RC_{50}=155.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) is the highest of all the samples. The ABTS radical-scavenging activity is also highest for PFM (53.16%) at the $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. But, the SOD-like activity of the PFW (purple flower extracted with hot water) increases more than 3 folds of the PFM. In the leukemia HL-60 cell, the PFM shows strongly inhibited superoxide radical generations at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 72.34%, which increases with 1.79 folds more than the RFW (red flower extracted with hot water). The inhibition activity of nitric oxide in Raw 264.7 cells is the highest for PMF (46.90%) at a $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In conclusion, PMF show the highest flavonoid contents and the most powerful free radical-scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the increase of antioxidant activities depend on flavonoid contents. Thus, Amaranth flower can be useful for natural antioxidant compounds.