• 호남수학학술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2013

In this paper we compare the notion of proper map in the category of topological spaces with that in the category of semialgebraic sets. To do this, we find some equivalence conditions for semialgebraically proper maps. In particular, we prove that a continuous semialgebraic map is semialgebraically proper if and only if it is proper. Moreover, we compare the semialgebraically proper map with the proper map in the sense of Delfs and Knebush [4].

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2011

Using the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability method of functional equations, we investigate homomorphisms in proper $CQ^*$-algebras and proper Lie $CQ^*$-algebras, and derivations on proper $CQ^*$-algebras and proper Lie $CQ^*$-algebras associated with the following functional equation $$\frac{1}{k}f(kx+ky+kz)=f(x)+f(y)+f(z)$$ for a fixed positive integer $k$.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

Dependency parsing is a decision problem of the syntactic relation between words in a sentence. Recently, deep learning models are used for dependency parsing based on the word representations in a continuous vector space. However, it causes a mislabeled tagging problem for the proper nouns that rarely appear in the training corpus because it is difficult to express out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in a continuous vector space. To solve the OOV problem in dependency parsing, we explored the proper noun embedding method according to the embedding unit. Before representing words in a continuous vector space, we replace the proper nouns with a special token and train them for the contextual features by using the multi-layer bidirectional LSTM. Two models of the syllable-based and morpheme-based unit are proposed for proper noun embedding and the performance of the dependency parsing is more improved in the ensemble model than each syllable and morpheme embedding model. The experimental results showed that our ensemble model improved 1.69%p in UAS and 2.17%p in LAS than the same arc-eager approach-based Malt parser.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 1999

This study was done to identify the effectiveness of a proper positioning on musculoskeletal complication on patient with Stroke by using a quasi-experimental study. A total of 18 patients were selected as a subject from June 1st to October 31th 1998 who had been hospitalized at Intensive Care Units in K medical center. A experimental group consists of 8 patients who were given proper positioning every two hours. A control group consists of 10 patients who were given traditional positioning. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS windows including $X^2$-test (Fisher's exact method), Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and McNemar test. The result of this study was summerized as follows : 1) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower shoulder pain score, dorsiflexion contracture score, Shoulder subluxation score and higher Range of Motion and than the control group. 2) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower muscle pain score and edema score than the control group, but it was not statistically significant.Therefore, proper positioning could be applied as an independent nursing intervent ion for patients on Stroke in order to facilitate rehabilitation.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2001

This paper addresses the problem of determining the proper level of concurrent spare parts(CSP) for a system consisting of multi-item parts under an available budget constraint. Initial provisioning of spare parts plays a major role in the acquisition of a new equipment system. Therefore, the proper level of spare parts should be on hand to maintain the availability of the system. This paper proposes a new CSP model and solution procedure that determines the proper level of spare parts satisfying the item priority and simultaneously available budget constraint.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.509-536
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate curvature-adapted and proper complex equifocal submanifolds in a symmetric space of non-compact type. The class of these submanifolds contains principal orbits of Hermann type actions as homogeneous examples and is included by that of curvature-adapted and isoparametric submanifolds with flat section. First we introduce the notion of a focal point of non-Euclidean type on the ideal boundary for a submanifold in a Hadamard manifold and give the equivalent condition for a curvature-adapted and complex equifocal submanifold to be proper complex equifocal in terms of this notion. Next we show that the complex Coxeter group associated with a curvature-adapted and proper complex equifocal submanifold is the same type group as one associated with a principal orbit of a Hermann type action and evaluate from above the number of distinct principal curvatures of the submanifold.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1995

In [6], the author studied the property of the Szeg kernel and had a result that if $\Omega$ is a smoothly bounded domain in C and the Szeg kernel associated with $\Omega$ is rational, then any proper holomorphic map from $\Omega$ to the unit disc U is rational. It leads to the study of the proper rational map of $\Omega$ to U. In this note, first we simplify the proof of the above result and prove an existence theorem of a proper rational map. Before we proceed to state our result, we must recall some preliminary facts.(omitted)

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.156-159
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• 2008

Proper orthogonal decomposition is a statistical pattern analysis technique for finding the dominant components, called the proper orthogonal modes, in ensembles of spatially distributed data. We present recent ideas based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and detailed experiments that yield new perspectives into the microscale structures. The linearized modeling technique based on POD is very useful to show the principal characteristics of the complex dynamic responses.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

An IPA model was used to evaluate customer service encounters at a large food court; also the gaps between importance and performance from were also evaluated from both perspectives. The findings of this study will be applied in order to improve service quality at various large food service operations. A total of 298 customers from a large shopping mall food court completed the study questionnaire, asking them to evaluate the important and performance attributes of service. Seven underlying dimensions were identified and labeled by factor analysis: factor 1 was "safety": factor 2 "time": factor 3 "atmosphere": factor 4 "quality of food": factor 5 "menu attributes": factor 6 "comfort": and the last and seventh factor was "comprehension". As a result of IPA analysis the overall mean scores between the importance attributes and performance attributes showed significant differences by independent t-tests(p<0.001). Quadrant I was classified with unnecessary items including interior design, proper lighting, suitable chairs, and proper room temperature. In quadrant II thirteen variables showed high scores for both importance and performance, such as various menu choices, hygienic food, dishes, chairs, food court, kitchen, and employees; proper ventilation, employee kindness, waiting time to order, and received food; automatic system for ordering-serving. Quadrant III included eight variables identified as low priority, including appearance of food, nutrient content of food, proper portions, new menu, proper music, proper location of cashier, services for children and efficiency of movement. In quadrant IV six variables were included as areas to focus management's efforts, such as food taste, proper food temperature, use of safe food materials, maintenance of food quality, existence of preferred foods, and proper food prices. These results suggest that food court customers have interests that are distinct from restaurant customers and may need to be treated differently. It is anticipated that this data will be useful to the foodservice industry in order to segment customer characteristics by different dinning behaviors.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2015

In this article, we consider a proper total coloring distinguishes adjacent vertices by sums, if every two adjacent vertices have different total sum of colors of the edges incident to the vertex and the color of the vertex. Pilsniak and Wozniak [15] first introduced this coloring and made a conjecture that the minimal number of colors need to have a proper total coloring distinguishes adjacent vertices by sums is less than or equal to the maximum degree plus 3. We study proper total colorings distinguishing adjacent vertices by sums of some graphs and their products. We prove that these graphs satisfy the conjecture.