• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The interest in renewable energy which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions has risen in the world including Korea. In Korea, solar energy generation accounts for a major percentage of electricity production using renewable energy and the solar power plants have been increasingly installed in Korea. The problem is, however, that researches on the location selection of solar power plants are unreasonably insufficient although the photovoltaic technology of the domestic solar power plants has been evolving. Thus, advanced solar energy technology could not be fully used. What is more, the indiscriminate installation of the solar power plants seriously damages the nature environment. In this study, conditions of the power plants location are analyzed in consideration of the social, cultural, environmental, economic factors and the optimum location is selected by visualizing and weighing various factors through the analytic hierarchy process. This study shows that the problem caused by the indiscriminate installation of a solar power plant could be prevented by determining the location after considering the influence of several factors. This paper would be helpful not only for the selection of location for solar plant installation in progress, but also for taking follow-up measures on the existing solar power plants placed wrongly.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

ESS(Energy Storage System) is an important source that keeps power supply stable and utilizes electricity efficiently. For example, ESS contributes to resolve power supply imbalance, stabilize new renewable energy output and regulate frequency. ESS is predicted to be expanded to 55.9GWh of installed capacity by 2023, which is 30 times more than that of 2014. To raise competitiveness of domestic ESS industry in this increasing world market, we have disseminated load-shift ESS for continuous power supply imbalance with FR ESS, and also necessity to secure domestic track record is required. However in case of FR ESS, utility of installing thermal power plant is generally generated within 5% range of rated capacity, so that scalability of domestic market is low without dramatic increase of thermal power plant. Necessity of load-shift ESS dissemination is also decreasing effected by surplus backup power securement policy, raising demand for new dissemination model. New dissemination model is promising for $CO_2$ reduction effect in spite of intermittent output. By stabilizing new renewable energy output in connection with new renewable energy, and regulating system input timing of new renewable energy generation rate, it is prospected model for 'post-2020' regime and energy industry. This research presents a policy alternatives of REC multiplier calculation method to induce investment after outlining PV-connected ESS charge/discharge mode to reduce GHG emission, This alternative is projected to utilize GHG emission reduction methodology for 'Post-2020' regime, big issue of new energy policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.587-599
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• 2018

In building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, power generation functions are integrated into building functions by installing solar modules in combination with building materials. While this integration appears to be attractive, a design method is needed to achieve maximum power generation. Previously, the influence of the design elements on power generation was analyzed by computer simulations and demonstration tools. On the other hand, problems remain due to the inaccuracy of power generation analysis and relationship analysis, and limited demonstration. To solve this problem, this paper proposed the use of an extended demonstration mock-up. The mock-up was designed and constructed by implementing the design elements of the module types, installation angles, and direction. The actual operation data for one year were analyzed to evaluate the effects of the design elements on power generation. These results can be used to determine the feasibility of future BIPV systems and the optimal selection of system design elements.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.479-494
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• 2017

After Fukushima incident, negative sentiment towards nuclear power has led to transition in policies that reduce the dependency on nuclear power in some countries. President Moon of Republic of Korea also announced a national plan of decommissioning retired nuclear power plants stage by stage. Therefore, nuclear power that once was considered the critical solution to energy security and climate change is now a limited option. This study aims to find an optimal energy mix in Korea's electricity system from 2016 through 2030 to combat climate change through energy transition with minimum cost. The study is divided into two different scenarios; energy transition and nuclear sustenance, to compare the total costs of the systems. Both scenarios show that electricity generated by wind technology increases from 2018 whereas that of photovoltaic(PV) increases from 2021. However, the total cost of the energy transition scenario was USD 4.7 billion more expensive than the nuclear sustenance scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.163-175
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• 1995

Metal free phthalocyanine($H_2Pc$) partially doped with iodine, $H_2Pc(I)x$, has been made to improve photosensitizing efficiency of ZnO/$H_2Pc$. The content of iodine dopant level(x) for $H_2Pc(I)x$ upon $H_2Pc$ polymorphs was characterized as ${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$ and ${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ by elemental analysis. Characterization of iodine-oxidized $H_2Pc$ were investigated by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), UV-Vis, FT-IR, Raman and ESR (electron spin resonance) spectrum, and the adsorption properties of $H_2Pc(I)x$ on ZnO were characterized by means of Raman and ESR studies. TGA for $H_2Pc(I)x$ showed a complete loss of iodine at approximately 265$^{\circ}C$ and the Raman spectrum of $H_2Pc(I)x$ and ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ at 514.5 nm showed characteristic $I_3^-$ patterns in the frequency region 90∼550 $cm^{-1}$. ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ exhibited a very intense and narrow ESR signal at $g=2.0025{\pm}0.0005$ compared to $H_2Pc$/ZnO. Iodine doped ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ showed a better photosensitivity compared to iodine undoped ZnO/$H_2Pc$. That is, the surface photovoltage of ${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$/ZnO was approximately 31 times greater than that of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc$ and ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ was 5 times more efficient than ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc$ at 670 nm. And the dependence of photosensitizing effect upon $H_2Pc$ polymorphs was exhibited that the surface photovoltage of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$ was approximately 5 times greater than ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ at 670 nm. Therefore Iodine doping of H_2Pc$ resulted in increase in photoconductivity of $H_2Pc$ and photovoltaic effect of ZnO/$H_2Pc$ in the visible region.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Recently, the installation capacity of PV (photovoltaic) systems has been increasing not only field installation but also floating PV, farm land, BIPV/BAPV. For this reason, the new design and materials of PV module are needed. In particular, in order to apply a PV system to a building, lightweight of the PV module is essential. PV modules made of generally used texturing glass are excellent in output and reliability, but there is a limit to the weight that can be reduced. For the lightweight of the PV module, it necessary to use a film instead of a glass. However, the application of film rather than a glass may cause various problems such as decrease in photocurrent by decrease in transmittance and a increase of CTM (cell to module) loss, a degradation of the reliability, and so on. In this paper, PV modules using Ultra barrier film, which is recently a lot of interest as a substitute for a glass, its characteristic analysis and reliability test were conducted. The transmittance and UV characteristics of each material were verified, and the output of the fabricated 1 cell PV module was measured. In addition, 24 cell PV modules were fabricated at the lab-scale and its reliability tests were conducted. As a result of the experiment, the reliability characteristics of the ultra barrier film PV module were excellent, and it was confirmed that it could be used as the front material of the PV module instead of glass

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2021

a-Si is commonly considered as a primary candidate for the formation of passivation layer in heterojunction (HIT) solar cells. However, there are some problems when using this material such as significant losses due to recombination and parasitic absorption. To reduce these problems, a wide bandgap material is needed. A wide bandgap has a positive influence on effective transmittance, reduction of the parasitic absorption, and prevention of unnecessary epitaxial growth. In this paper, the adoption of a-SiO_x:H as the intrinsic layer was discussed. To increase lifetime and conductivity, oxygen concentration control is crucial because it is correlated with the thickness, bonding defect, interface density (D_it), and band offset. A thick oxygen-rich layer causes the lifetime and the implied open-circuit voltage to drop. Furthermore the thicker the layer gets, the more free hydrogen atoms are etched in thin films, which worsens the passivation quality and the efficiency of solar cells. Previous studies revealed that the lifetime and the implied voltage decreased when the a-SiOx thickness went beyond around 9 nm. In addition to this, oxygen acted as a defect in the intrinsic layer. The D_it increased up to an oxygen rate on the order of 8%. Beyond 8%, the D_it was constant. By controlling the oxygen concentration properly and achieving a thin layer, high-efficiency HIT solar cells can be fabricated.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-34
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• 2008

It is recognized that RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) and FIT(Feed-in Tariff) are two main policy instruments to promote Renewable Electricity(RE). The Korean Government announced in 2008 that RE promotion scheme will be changed to RPS from current FIT system in 2012. But we believe RPS is inferior to FIT for promoting less developed technologies such as photovoltaics or wind power. This is because the achievement of RE promotion in countries adopting RPS is markedly worse than that in European counties or Janpan adopting FIT. If the policy change is inevitable, when considering the lessons from Japan's failure as well as supporting the less developed technologies, it is recommended that either the market should be divided into several technology and scale categories, or more RPS-Credit per kWh should be assigned to the photovoltaic and wind power than instead of letting the all technologies compete in the "open category". It is also recommended that (1) Renewable Energy Promotion Fund(tentative name) based on a part of current energy related tax revenue should be introduced, or (2) cost of supporting the Renewable Electricity should automatically be transferred into the electricity bill of electricity consumers following the German System.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

Europe and North America are paying attention to residential ESS(Energy Storage System) that can manage energy efficiently. The ESS is a system that stores and manages the electric power by charging and discharging the battery. The ESS is generally used in conjunction with photovoltaic systems. The ESS supplies the load of the power generation time and stores the remaining PV power to supply the load at the non-power generation time. However, due to the high price of residential ESS, low electric rates and increasing block rates, there is no market of residential ESS in Korea. This paper reviews the price condition and the capacity for applying PV and residential ESS to household of apartments using HOMER in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

An agrivoltaic system (AVS) is a system of innovation that comprises productions of photovoltaic power and agricultural crops on the same area. However, the decline in crop yield will be fatally occurred because the pigments of crop absorbs less light energy under AVS. In addtion, the photosynthetic capacity of crop grown under the partial shading of AVS is not well reported. In this study, the electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) of soybean and rice under the AVS in Boseong and Naju was investigated using chlorophyll fluorescence measurement. The ETR value of soybean and rice under AVS were not significantly differed by location. It represents that the photophosphorylation rate of the crops is not critically different. It means that the decreases in total photosynthesis under AVS were mostly affected by the amount of light absorbed by leaves. Under AVS the photosynthesis of crops will be lower than field crops grown in open fields. This is because the crops under AVS observed higher NPQ, which means that the available energy cannot distribute to photophosphorylation reaction.