• 제목/요약/키워드: A/F

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G(f)-SEQUENCES AND FIBRATIONS

  • Woo, Moo-Ha
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.709-715
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    • 1997
  • For a fibration (E,B,p) with fiber F and a fiber map f, we show that if the inclusion $i : F \to E$ has a left homotopy inverse, then $G^f_n(E,F)$ is isomorphic to $G^f_n(F,E) \oplus \pi_n(B)$. In particular, by taking f as the identity map on E we have $G_n(E,F)$ is isomorphic to $G_n(F) \oplus \pi_n(B)$.

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Quasi-F 공간과 극소 Quasi-F cover의 역사적 배경 (Historical backgrounds of Quasi-F spaces and minimal quasi-F covers)

  • 김창일
    • 한국수학사학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.113-124
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    • 2005
  • 티코노프공간 X에 대하여 C(X)와 $C^*(X)$는 Riesz-공간이다 C(X)가 순서-코시완비일 필요충분한조건은 X가 quasi-F 공간이고, X가 컴팩트공간이며 QF(X)가 X의 극소 quasi-F cover일 때, C(X)의 순서-코시완비화와 C(QF(X))는 동형이다. 본 논문에서는 quasi-F 공간의 정의와 극소 quasi-F cover의 구성에 관한 동기 및 역사적 배경을 살펴본다.

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COREGULARITY OF ORDER-PRESERVING SELF-MAPPING SEMIGROUPS OF FENCES

  • JENDANA, KETSARIN;SRITHUS, RATANA
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.349-361
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    • 2015
  • A fence is an ordered set that the order forms a path with alternating orientation. Let F = (F;${\leq}$) be a fence and let OT(F) be the semigroup of all order-preserving self-mappings of F. We prove that OT(F) is coregular if and only if ${\mid}F{\mid}{\leq}2$. We characterize all coregular elements in OT(F) when F is finite. For any subfence S of F, we show that the set COTS(F) of all order-preserving self-mappings in OT(F) having S as their range forms a coregular subsemigroup of OT(F). Under some conditions, we show that a union of COTS(F)'s forms a coregular subsemigroup of OT(F).

Gf-SPACES FOR MAPS AND POSTNIKOV SYSTEMS

  • Yoon, Yeon Soo
    • 충청수학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.831-841
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    • 2009
  • For a map f : A $\rightarrow$ X, we define and study a concept of $G^f$-space for a map, which is a generalized one of a G-space. Any G-space is a $G^f$-space, but the converse does not hold. In fact, $S^2$ is a $G^{\eta}$-space, but not G-space. We show that X is a $G^f$-space if and only if $G_n$(A, f,X) = $\pi_n(X)$ for all n. It is clear that any $H^f$-space is a $G^f$-space and any $G^f$-space is a $W^f$-space. We can also obtain some results about $G^f$-spaces in Postnikov systems for spaces, which are generalization of Haslam's results about G-spaces.

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SOME GENERALIZATION OF THE LANG'S EXISTENCE OF RATIONAL PLACE THEOREM

  • Cho, In-Ho;Lim, Jong-In
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.83-85
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    • 1985
  • Let K be a real function field over a real closed field F. Then there exists an F-place .phi.:K.rarw.F.cup.{.inf.}. This is Lang's Existence of Rational Place Theorem (6). There is an equivalent version of Lang's Theorem in (4). That is, if K is a function field over a field F, then, for any ordering P$_{0}$ on F which extends to K, there exists an F-place .phi.: K.rarw.F'.cup.{.inf.} where F' is a real closure of (F, P$_{0}$). In [2], Knebusch pointed out the converse of the version of Lang's Theorem is also true. By a valuation theoretic approach to Lang's Theorem, we have found out the following generalization of Lang and Knebusch's Theorem. Let K be an arbitrary extension field of a field F. then an ordering P$_{0}$ on F can be extended to an ordering P on K if there exists an F-place of K into some real closed field R containing F. Of course R$^{2}$.cap.F=P$_{0}$. The restriction K being a function field of F is vanished, though the codomain of the F-place is slightly varied. Therefore our theorem is a generalization of Lang and Knebusch's theorem.

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On a Question of Closed Maps of S. Lin

  • Chen, Huaipeng
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.537-543
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    • 2010
  • Let X be a regular $T_1$-space such that each single point set is a $G_{\delta}$ set. Denot 'hereditarily closure-preserving' by 'HCP'. To consider a question of closed maps of S. Lin in [6], we improve some results of Foged in [1], and prove the following propositions. Proposition 1. $D\;=\;\{x{\in}X\;:\;\mid\{F{\in}\cal{F}:x{\in}F\}\mid{\geq}{\aleph}_0\}$ is discrete and closed if $\cal{F}$ is a collection of HCP. Proposition 2. $\cal{H}\;=\;\{{\cup}\cal{F}'\;:\;F'$ is an fininte subcolletion of $\cal{F}_n\}$ is HCP if $\cal{F}$ is a collection of HCP. Proposition 3. Let (X,$\tau$) have a $\sigma$-HCP k-network. Then (X,$\tau$) has a $\sigma$-HCP k-network F = ${\cup}_n\cal{F}_n$ such that such tat: (i) $\cal{F}_n\;\subset\;\cal{F}_{n+1}$, (ii) $D_n\;=\;\{x{\in}X\;:\;\mid\{F{\in}\cal{F}_n\;:\;x{\in}F\}\mid\;{\geq}\;{\aleph}_0\}$ is a discrete closed set and (iii) each $\cal{F}_n$ is closed to finite intersections.

JOINT NUMERICAL RANGES IN NON UNITAL NORMED ALGEBRAS

  • Yang, Young-Oh
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.837-846
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    • 1994
  • Let A denote a unital normed algebra over a field K = R or C and let e be the identity of A. Given $a \in A$ and $x \in A$ with $\Vert x \Vert = 1$, let $$ V(A, a, x) = {f(ax) : f \in A', f(x) = 1 = \Vert f \Vert}. $$ Then the (Bonsall and Duncan) numerical range of an element $a \in A$ is defined by $$ V(a) = \cup{V(A, a, x) : x \in A, \Vert x \Vert = 1}, $$ where A' denotes the dual of A. In [2], $V(a) = {f(a) : f \in A', f(e) = 1 = \Vert f \Vert}$.

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IDEMPOTENCE PRESERVING MAPS ON SPACES OF TRIANGULAR MATRICES

  • Sheng, Yu-Qiu;Zheng, Bao-Dong;Zhang, Xian
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제25권1_2호
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2007
  • Suppose F is an arbitrary field. Let ${\mid}F{\mid}$ be the number of the elements of F. Let $T_{n}(F)$ be the space of all $n{\times}n$ upper-triangular matrices over F. A map ${\Psi}\;:\;T_{n}(F)\;{\rightarrow}\;T_{n}(F)$ is said to preserve idempotence if $A-{\lambda}B$ is idempotent if and only if ${\Psi}(A)-{\lambda}{\Psi}(B)$ is idempotent for any $A,\;B\;{\in}\;T_{n}(F)$ and ${\lambda}\;{\in}\;F$. It is shown that: when the characteristic of F is not 2, ${\mid}F{\mid}\;>\;3$ and $n\;{\geq}\;3,\;{\Psi}\;:\;T_{n}(F)\;{\rightarrow}\;T_{n}(F)$ is a map preserving idempotence if and only if there exists an invertible matrix $P\;{\in}\;T_{n}(F)$ such that either ${\Phi}(A)\;=\;PAP^{-1}$ for every $A\;{\in}\;T_{n}(F)\;or\;{\Psi}(A)=PJA^{t}JP^{-1}$ for every $P\;{\in}\;T_{n}(F)$, where $J\;=\;{\sum}^{n}_{i-1}\;E_{i,n+1-i}\;and\;E_{ij}$ is the matrix with 1 in the (i,j)th entry and 0 elsewhere.

INVOLUTION-PRESERVING MAPS WITHOUT THE LINEARITY ASSUMPTION AND ITS APPLICATION

  • Xu, Jin-Li;Cao, Chong-Guang;Wu, Hai-Yan
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제27권1_2호
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2009
  • Suppose F is a field of characteristic not 2 and $F\;{\neq}\;Z_3$. Let $M_n(F)$ be the linear space of all $n{\times}n$ matrices over F, and let ${\Gamma}_n(F)$ be the subset of $M_n(F)$ consisting of all $n{\times}n$ involutory matrices. We denote by ${\Phi}_n(F)$ the set of all maps from $M_n(F)$ to itself satisfying A - ${\lambda}B{\in}{\Gamma}_n(F)$ if and only if ${\phi}(A)$ - ${\lambda}{\phi}(B){\in}{\Gamma}_n(F)$ for every A, $B{\in}M_n(F)$ and ${\lambda}{\in}F$. It was showed that ${\phi}{\in}{\Phi}_n(F)$ if and only if there exist an invertible matrix $P{\in}M_n(F)$ and an involutory element ${\varepsilon}$ such that either ${\phi}(A)={\varepsilon}PAP^{-1}$ for every $A{\in}M_n(F)$ or ${\phi}(A)={\varepsilon}PA^{T}P^{-1}$ for every $A{\in}M_n(F)$. As an application, the maps preserving inverses of matrces also are characterized.

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소프라노의 성악 발성에 대한 음향학적 특징 연구 (A Study on Acoustical Properties of Soprano′s Singing)

  • 임동철;문소연;이행세
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.60-64
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문에서는 소프라노가 성악 발성으로 한국어 단모음을 발음할 때, 그 단모음들의 포르만트가 F0(Fundamental frequency)에 따라 어떻게 바뀌어지는지 연구되었다. 일반적으로 다른 파트의 경우와는 달리, 소프라노가 노래를 할 때에는 포르만트가 그 F0의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 성악발성에 대한 연구를 위해서는 소프라노가 발성할 수 있는 전 음역 대의 F0에서 각 모음에 대한 포르만트 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 성악 발성의 특징들을 패턴화하여 성악발성 평가 시스템이나 성악발성 합성 시스템을 구축할 수 있다. 5명의 전문 소프라노를 대상으로 '아, 에, 이, 오, 우' 5모음의 성악발성을 A3(220.0Hz)에서부터 A5(880.0Hz)까지의 피치에서 포르만트 분석을 하였다. 또한, 일반적인 대화 시 이 5가지 모음의 포르만트를 분석하여 성악발성의 경우와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, '아, 에, 이'의 F2/F1의 그래프가, B4(493.8Hz)이상의 F0에서는 거의 직선으로 나타났다. B4는 Changing Voice가 시작되는 곳으로, 성악가의 음색 변화가 포르만트 형태의 변화와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, A5에서는 '아, 에, 이, 오, 우'의 F1, F2의 수치가 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 최고음부에서 불려지는 모음들은 서로 구별되기가 어렵게 되는 것이다. 본 논문은 성악발성 평가 시스템이나 성악발성 합성 시스템을 구축할 때에, '아, 오, 우'의 경우에는 B4에서 A5의 F1, F2를 F0대한 기울기로 규정화할 것을 제안한다. 이와 같은 규정화를 통하여 성악발성과 관련된 시스템 구축에 필요한 노력과 비용을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

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