• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic information for preventing high school students from smoking by examining their actual smoking condition and their knowledge and attitude about smoking. Method: The subjects were 515 students selected from six(6), high schools in Jecheon. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the 1st to the 17th of December 2002. The author prepared the tool by modifying the scale of knowledge and attitude about smoking developed by Moon(2001). Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN program using frequencies, percentages, $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: 1. The percentage of ex-smoking students was 29.9% of male students and 18.6% of female ones. The percentage of currently smoking students was 23.9% of male students and 3.0% of female ones. The percentage of non-smoking students was 46.2% of male students and 78.4% of female ones, 2. There were not significant differences in smoking knowledge according to smoking status in male and female students. 3. There were significant differences in smoking attitude according to smoking status in male(F=32.70, p=.000) and female(F=11.15, p=.000) students. 4. In smoking status according to general characteristics, there were significant differences according to the type of school($x^2$=32.93, p=.000), grade($x^2$=11.91, p=.018), educational level of the father($x^2$=30.52, p=.000) and the mother($x^2$=14.23, p=.027), monthly allowance($x^2$=17.19, p=.028), harmony of family members($x^2$=15.23, p=.019), school life($x^2$=26.96, p=.00l) and school record($x^2$=30.24, p=.000). 5. In smoking status according to smoking-related characteristics, there were significant differences according to experience in cigarette purchase($x^2$=150.04. p=.000), experience in errands for cigarette($x^2$=20.00, p=.000), knowledge of cigarette price($x^2$=72.52, p=.000), close friends' smoking($x^2$=107.41. p=.000) and smoking of brothers and sisters($x^2$=16.97, p=.002). 6. There were significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in the whole students(r=.337. p=.000), ex-smokers(r=.324. p=.000), non-smokers(r=.369. p=.000) but there was not a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in current smokers(r=.128. p=.30l). Conclusion: Smoking prevention education should considered students' smoking status. Current smokers need smoking prevention education aiming to change their attitude toward smoking in order for them to reduce smoking and to practice smoking cessation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 1985

This study was carried out to learn about the contents of communication between mother and her adolescents in this country, and possible differences in the contents of communication with demographic variables. In particular, I wanted to find out the following; 1)contents of communication between mother and her adolescents. 2)Contents of communication between parents with adolescents. 3)Possible differences in the contents of communication with differences in the level of education, employment status, and age of mother, family income level, and sex, and birth order of children. To test these hypotheses, I distributed questionnaires to 600 mothers of selected high school juniors(11th grade) in Seoul. Four hundred and fourty-eight questionnaires were returned, and the results were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, and x2-test. The results were as following; 1) In general, mothers communicated well with their adolescents, especially in topics related to studying, friends, school, parents and family, and future career. Communication on sex-education or sex-role, however, was rather limited in contents. ool, parents and family. Communication on sex-education or sex-role of adolescent was almost never attempted. This result showed similarity with 1 above. 3) (1) contents of communication and educational level of mother; contents of communication between mother and her adolescents differed significantly with educational level on all topics except parents and family, indicating that the educational level of mother, the more diverse was contents of communication between mother and her adolescents. (2) Contents of communication and employment status of mother: On all topics except sex-education, communication between mother and her adolescents differed significantly between employed and unemployed mothers, indicating that unemployed mothers communicate on greater number of topics with their adolescents than employed mothers do. (3) contents of communication and family income level; Family income level did not affect contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly. (4) contents of communication and age of mother; Age of mother did not affect a contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly. (5) contents of communication and sex of adolescent; Thee were significant differences in contents of communication on certain topics; On virginity, sex, marriage, and dating, mother communicate more diversely with daughters than with sons. This result certainly reflects the deep-rooted traditional value system among koreans, with permissive attitude toward males, and far more strict attitude toward females, on sex-related matters. (6) Contents of communication and birth order of adolescents; The birth order of adolescents did not affect contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

This is a single group pre-post study conducted to confirm the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education for nursing students, imparted via video-learning methods. Study participants enrolled were 93 students in the 4th grade of the Department of Nursing at J-City V University. Data were collected from May 26 to June 16, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results of this study confirm improvements in HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude after attending video-learning modules. However, when assessing the details of attitude, insufficient data was obtained for difference in attitude toward social stigma recognition. Therefore, numerous attempts are required for imparting educational contents and methods that will positively alter social stigma recognition. The results of this study prove that video lectures are a useful teaching and learning method to transform the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards HIV/AIDS. We believe that results obtained are meaningful, and provide a basis for imparting education by utilizing different media, such as a video-learning module.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.531-544
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• 2009

This study was conducted to survey multiple factors of aversion to vegetables and preferences for vegetable-related recipes in school meal services among elementary school children in order to help develop various menus and recipes for school meal services. Questionnaire survey was carried out with the study subjects, who were 401 children in 6th grade attending elementary schools in Chonnam and Kwangju metropolitan regions. Results from the survey can be summarized as follows: 65.1% of respondents answered they try to eat vegetables and other namul side dishes served in school meal service for health. As for the frequency of taking vegetables and namul side dishes out of daily meals, 47.4% of respondents chose 'once or twice'. The reasons for aversion to vegetables in boys were taste and cooking method, while girls were taste and feeling between teeth. In boys there were no differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam but the tendency of aversion to vegetables was significantly high in girls. As for the aspects of vegetable aversion of subjects, 46.9% of respondents took up 'black & purple' in the unfavorable color of vegetables. 49.1% in 'bitterness' and 39.2% in 'greasiness' were in terms of the aversive taste of vegetables. The aversive vegetable recipes were 58.6% in 'raw & seasoned' and the unfavorable feeling of vegetables were 53.1% in 'squashiness'. There were differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam with boys in color and cooking method in girls. Results from the survey on their preferences for vegetable recipes showed that leafy vegetables like crown daisy (raw/slightly seasoned) and pak choi (broth/pot stew) fell to the most aversive category, while bean sprouts (broth/pot stew) were chosen as the most favorable one. Among root vegetables bell-flowers were found to belong to the least preferred recipe, while potatoes were proven to be most preferable in terms of recipes. As for fruit vegetables and other vegetables, all respondents didn't like 'fatsia shoots' vegetable and it's cooking method and they preferred 'green pumpkins (broth/pot stew)'. In respect of mushrooms, enoki mushroom (broth/pot stew) was found most preferred and had high tendency of preferences in boys and girls in Kwangju compared with Chonnam region. The study results indicated that respondents did not show big differences in factors influencing them to be averse to vegetables and their preferences for vegetable recipes depending on regions. In order to have high preference and intake in children's diets, it needs to study in reform of menu about using namul or vegetables mixed with meats and fruits that children preferred or applying roasted and fried other less than namul.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.470-480
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science inquiry experiments emphasizing social interaction on the development of process skills of the students. The social interactions by cognitive level of the students were also analyzed. For this study, 197 8th grade students were sampled. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group. During four-month period, the experimental group received science inquiry experiments treatment emphasizing social interactions while the control group received traditional treatment. Not only science inquiry ability pretest-posttest, but also multiple data collection method such as a questionnaire, class observation, and audio/video recording were used in collecting the data. According to the results of this study, it was found that the mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 0.05 level. It was also found that the students of high cognitive level led the peers and participated in the class discussion actively with the teacher while the students of low cognitive level followed the students of high cognitive level and showed inactive interaction with the teacher. Analysis of the students' perceptions on inquiry experiments showed that students participated in discussion actively in the class as these experiments gave an opportunity for them to discuss and were able to solve the problems with peers' help through discussion.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the scaffolding processes of children in mathematical problem solving. 3 groups of 4th grade students participated in the study and the researchers proceeded the study for 4 months. The procedures of this research were as followings. First, when the learners solved the problems, the categories of scaffolding processes(by way of unit line coding belong in open codings, the categories were made 25 concepts and integrated 20 subcategories) were produced the 7 results: invite to the learning, set the problems, affective aids, attempt self learning, re-ordering between learners and affirmation self learning. Second, the processes of scaffolding in mathematic problem solving resulted in condition, the present condition, action/interaction and the outcomes. Third, the cognitive and affective aids that discovered in the scaffolding processes were considered the main categories of learner's scaffolding processes in solving the mathematic problems. In conclusion, first, the learners' scaffolding processes, based on Vygotsky's "the zone of proximal development" in selection and presentation of mathematic problems, are very diverse. Peers' affective aids are very important in solving the problems. Second, learners in the scaffolding processes exchange the cognitive and affective aids with each other with joy and earnestness, and the aids can give assistance to all the participants. Third, in the results of observation and analysis in learners' scaffolding processes, it is meaningful to know how they think. Finally, the learners' scaffolding processes are a little unsystematic and illogical compared to those of adults, but those of scaffolders are so similar to those of learners' cognitive and affective systems that they can provide teachers with many merits in understanding and teaching learners.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.493-499
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• 2017

In order to analyze the degree of self-learning development ability after the clinical training curriculum, the results of 121 questionnaires were analyzed for 3rd and 4th grade students in radiology in the metropolitan area. The overall average of self-learning ability according to gender was $3.07{\pm}0.85$, which was statistically significant according to gender. However, the results according to educational system showed that the overall average was $3.07{\pm}0.85$, which was higher than the average level of self-learning development ability. There was no statistically significant difference according to educational system. The results of the self-learning development ability according to the motivation for selecting the department showed that the students who have chosen their department due to their higher employment rate after graduation had high self-development ability level($3.58{\pm}0.85$) but the students who entered the school due to self-aptitude had relatively lower self-development ability level ($2.30{\pm}0.40$). The overall average of self-learning ability according to direction of career path was $3.08{\pm}0.76$, which was over-average of self-learning development ability. Thus, there was statistically significant difference according to career path. It is necessary to improve the self-learning ability in clinical practice. In addition, the lack of statistical significance suggests problems and diversity.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide informations about cause of failures when students solve word problems by analyzing what errors students made in solving word problems and types of error and features of error according to problem solving strategy. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, $5^{th}$ grade students preferred the expressions, estimate and verify, finding rules in order when solving word problems. But the majority of students couldn't use simplifying. Second, the types of error encountered according to the problem solving strategy on problem based learning are as follows; In the case of 'expression', the most common error when using expression was the error of question understanding. The second most common was the error of concept principle, followed by the error of solving procedure. In 'estimate and verify' strategy, there was a low proportion of errors and students understood estimate and verify well. When students use 'drawing diagram', they made errors because they misunderstood the problems, made mistakes in calculations and in transforming key-words of data into expressions. In 'making table' strategy, there were a lot of errors in question understanding because students misunderstood the relationship between information. Finally, we suggest that problem solving ability can be developed through an analysis of error types according to the problem strategy and a correct teaching about these error types.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive activity on cognitive activities that students imagine and cope with continuously changing quantitative changes in functional tasks represented by linguistic expressions, table of value, and geometric patterns, We identified covariational reasoning levels and investigated the characteristics of students' reasoning process according to the levels of covariational reasoning in the elementary quantitative problem situations. Participants were seven 4th grade elementary students using the questionnaires. The selected students were given study materials. We observed the students' activity sheets and conducted in-depth interviews. As a result of the study, the students' covariational reasoning level for two quantities that are continuously covaried was found to be five, and different reasoning process was shown in quantitative problem situations according to students' covariational reasoning levels. In particular, students with low covariational level had difficulty in grasping the two variables and solved the problem mainly by using the table of value, while the students with the level of chunky and smooth continuous covariation were different from those who considered the flow of time variables. Based on the results of the study, we suggested that various problems related with continuous covariation should be provided and the meanings of the tasks should be analyzed by the teachers.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.127-153
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of peer tutoring on mathematical inclination and mathematical communication ability of peer tutor. For the purpose of this study, research questions were established as follows: 1. How does peer tutoring affect to the mathematical inclination of peer tutors? 2. How does peer tutoring affect to the mathematical communication ability of peer tutors? To answer the research questions, four 5th grade peer tutors were selected for qualitative case study in an elementary school located in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Before and after 11 weeks of peer tutoring in their mathematics classes, mathematical inclination, mathematical communication ability of peer tutors were examined. For qualitative analysis, peer tutors were asked to complete worksheets, self-evaluation, journal for their peer tutoring in daily basis during the experiment. By comparing the scores in mathematical inclination test and mathematical communication test before and after the treatment and analyzing the data gathered for qualitative analysis, the conclusions were drawn as follows: First, Peer tutoring has positive effects on the mathematical inclination of peer tutors. Scores for mathematical inclination of peer tutors after the treatment increased and qualitative analysis showed positive change in their attitude toward mathematics. Second, Peer tutoring has positive effects on the mathematical communication ability of peer tutors. Scores in the performance assessment for mathematical communication ability of peer tutors after the treatment increased. Also qualitative analysis showed that peer tutors tried to develop various ways to solve a problem and explained them to their peer tutee sophisticatedly.