• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.217-222
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• 2004

In recent year, as the current and future emission regulations go stringent, the research of exhaust manifold and CCC has become the subject of increasing interest and attention. This study is concerned with the systematic approach to improve catalyst flow uniformity and light-off behavior through the basic understanding of exhaust flow characteristics. Computational approach to the unsteady compressible flow for exhaust manifold of 4-1 type and 4-2-1 type and CCC system of a 4-cylinder DOHC gasoline engine was performed to investigate the flow distribution of exhaust gases. In this study, through calculation, the effects of geometric configuration of exhaust manifold on flow structure and its maldistribution in monolith were mainly investigated to understand the exhaust flow patterns in terms of flow uniformity. Based on the design guidance resulting from this fundamental study, the flow uniformity of 4-2-1 type exhaust manifold demonstrated the more improved exhaust characteristics than that of the 4-1 type one.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.104-113
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• 1997

In this paper, the effects of intake manifold systems on volumetric efficiency were investigated in the 4-cylinder 4-stroke cycle diesel engines. The effects of intake manifold system were analyzed on resonant speed and on volumetric efficiency. Resonant speed was calculated by acoustic theory and volumetric efficiency by the method of characteristics. The calculation results agreed well with rest results. It was assured that between the resonant speed and the volumetric efficiency there exists good correlation in multi-cylinder engines. As the results, the prediction of resonant speed was useful to design the optimum intake system. It was assured that the intake manifold systems for BOX-type and RAM-type have different characteristics on the trend of volumetric efficiency. Also a procedure to design the desirable intake manifold system was proposed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 1999

Dynamic effect of gas in exhaust manifold influences the volumetric efficiency of the engine. Especially in case of multi-cylinder engine the shape of exhaust manifold is important for the opti-mum design of exhasut manifold complicated. In this paper the effects of exhaust manifold systems on volumetric efficiency were investigated for the 4 cylinder 4 stroke-cycle diesel engine. Volumetric efficiency was calculated by the method of characteristics. The calculation results coincided well the test results. This study showed that the appropriate position and diameter of exhaust manifold branch are important factors in increasing volumetric efficiency and decreasing pumping loss.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2018

In the present paper we prove that in an almost Kenmotsu manifold with generalized $(k,{\mu})^{\prime}-nullity$ distribution the three conditions: (i) the Ricci tensor of $M^{2n+1}$ is of Codazzi type, (ii) the manifold $M^{2n+1}$ satisfies div C = 0, (iii) the manifold $M^{2n+1}$ is locally isometric to $H^{n+1}(-4){\times}R^n$, are equivalent. Also we prove that if the manifold satisfies the cyclic parallel Ricci tensor, then the manifold is locally isometric to $H^{n+1}(-4){\times}\mathbb{R}^n$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.1271-1280
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• 2023

The object of the present paper is to introduce a type of non-flat Riemannian manifold, called a weakly cyclic generalized B-symmetric manifold (W CGBS)_n. We obtain a sufficient condition for a weakly cyclic generalized B-symmetric manifold to be a generalized quasi Einstein manifold. Next we consider conformally flat weakly cyclic generalized B-symmetric manifolds. Then we study Einstein (W CGBS)_n (n > 2). Finally, it is shown that the semi-symmetry and Weyl semi-symmetry are equivalent in such a manifold.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2011

The Fisher information matrix plays a significant role in statistical inference in connection with estimation and properties of variance of estimators. In this paper, we define the parameter space of the t-manifold using its Fisher's matrix and characterize the t-manifold from the viewpoint of information geometry. The ${\alpha}$-scalar curvatures to the t-manifold are calculated.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1061-1075
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• 2019

In this paper, we construct a Sasakian manifold by the product of real line and Kählerian manifold with exact Kähler form. This result demonstrates the close relation between Sasakian and Kählerian manifold with exact Kähler form. We present an example and an open problem.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.1297-1302
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• 2013

We prove that the mapping class group of a non-Haken orientable irreducible 3-manifold is finite and we show that the quotient group of the mapping class group by the rotation group is virtually torsion-free if the manifold does not have 2-sphere boundary components.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2011

We consider pseudo-symmetric and Ricci generalized pseudo-symmetric N(${\kappa}$) contact metric manifolds. We also consider N(${\kappa}$)-contact metric manifolds satisfying the condition $S{\cdot}R$ = 0 where R and S denote the curvature tensor and the Ricci tensor respectively. Finally we give some examples.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.733-745
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• 2020

The object of the present paper is to study the almost Hermitian submersion from an almost Hermitian manifold admits a Ricci soliton. Where, we investigate any fibre of such a submersion is a Ricci soliton or Einstein. We also get necessary conditions for which the base manifold of an almost Hermitian submersion is a Ricci soliton or Einstein. Moreover, we obtain the harmonicity of an almost Hermitian submersion from a Ricci soliton to an almost Hermitian manifold.