• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.641-649
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• 2002

The redox properties of a homogeneously-precipitated $TiO_2$ rutile powder with a BET surface area of ~$200 m^2$/g, consisting of an acicular primary particle, were characterized using photocatalytic reaction in aqueous 4-chlorophenol, Cu-EDTA and Pb-EDTA solutions under ultraviolet irradiation, compared to those of commercial P-25 X$200 m_2$ powder with a spherical primary particle as well as home-made anatase $TiO_2$ powder with ~$200 m^2$/g BET surface area. Here, the anatase powder also includes mainly the primary particles very similar to the acicular shapes of the rutile $TiO_2$ powder. The rutile powder showed the fastest decomposition rate and the largest amount in the photoredor, compared with the anatase or P-25 powder, while the anatase powder unexpectedly showed the slowest rate and the smallest amount in the same experiments regardless of almost the same surface area. From results, the excellent photoredox abilities of this rutile powder appears to be due to specific powder preparation method, like a homogeneous precipitation leading to direct crystallization from the solution, regardless of their crystalline structures even when having the similar particle shape and surface area.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.985-989
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• 2003

An efficient synthesis of 5-chloro-3-[4-(3-diethylaminopropoxy)benzoyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (8), a potent $\beta$-amyloid aggregation inhibitor, is described. 5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (3) was obtained by the one-pot synthesis of 4-chlorophenol with $\omega$(methylsulfinyl)-p-methoxyacetophenone (1) under Pummerer reaction conditions, and it was followed by the desulfurization of the resultant 5-chloro-3-methylthio-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (2e). Acylation of benzofuran 3 with 4-(3-bromopropoxy)benzoyl chloride (6) gave the ketone 7, which was converted into compound 8 by the treatment of diethylamine.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.47-50
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• 1965

Many of the chlorophenol derivatives are widely used as insecticides, herbicides and plant growth regulators. The function and use of these chemicals would be different according to the number of chlorine and their chemical structures. It was reported in this article that 1) Bis(trichlorophenoxy) ethane was synthesized with 2 mol-trichlorophenol and 1 moi-dibromoethane in 2 moi-Sodium hydroxide alcohol solution, and 3) the insecticidal activity of Bis(trichlorophenoxy) ethane was compared with Phenkapton, Tedion V-18, BHC, and DDT, on Citrus red mite, Bombix mori (Silk worm), and Daikon leaf beetle(Phaedon brassicae) 3) The toxicity of Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane and Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane was studied on mice. The following results were obtained. 1) Yield of Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane, $50.06\%$, m.p. $157-159^{\circ}C$, and yield of Bis(2,4, 6-trichlorophenoxy) ethane, $32.60\%$, m.p. $162-163^{\circ}C$. 2) Insecticidal activity of Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane to Citrus red mite is stronger than that of Tedion V-18, and weaker than that of Phenkapton. 3) Insecticidal activity of Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane to Bombix mori is weaker than those of BHC and DDT. 4) Insecticidal activity of Bis(2. 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane to Daikon leaf beetle proved to be ineffective. 5) Five rams of Bis(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy) ethane and Bis(2, 4, 6-trichlorophenoxy) ethane pet kg of body weight respectively were given to mice orally, and none of the mouse was killed by it after a period of 72 hours. Therefore it seems that there is almost no toxicity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 1992

Halogen substituted-phenol and analog phenol degrading strains were identified as Aeromonas, Moraxella, and Flavobacterium genus. Optimal degrading condition was generally 50~100 $\mu$M substituted-phenol as carbon source, $NH_4NO_3$ as nitrogen source, 30$\circ$C , and initial pH 7.2. $\rho$-Chlorophenol degrading strain of Aeromonas sp. C4 had biodegradability to the various substituted-phenols. Flavobacterium sp. M9 had substrate specificity to methyl substituted-function. Catechol was cleavaged by catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase in Aeromonas sp. C4, Moraxella sp. N7, and Flavobacterium sp. M9.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2004

Nitrosation of phenol (POH) was studied by adding hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite to phenol solution with reaction temperature and time change. The optimum condition of nitrosation was found from the effects of hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time changes on the production of nitrosophenol (POHNO). As a result, it was found that the optimum conditions were $5.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-3}M$ range of $NO{_2}^-$ concentration, more than 0.10 M of HCl concentration, temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, and 3 hrs. of reaction time. In this condition, 10 U.S. E.P.A. classified priority environmental pollutant, phenols, were nitrosated. Nitrosated phenols were: POH, 2-Chlorophenol (2ClPOH), 2,4-diChlorophenol (2ClPOH), 2,4-dimethylphenol (24diMPOH), and 4-Chloro -3-methylphenol (4Cl3MPOH), and a small part of 2-nitrophenol (2NPOH). The ${\lambda}_{max}$ values of nitrosated phenols in acidic solution were around 300 nm, and those in basic solution were around 400 nm. Molar absorptivities (${\varepsilon}$) at the 400 nm of the nitrosated phenols in the basic solution were 1.5~2.0 times larger than those at 300 nm in acidic solution. It was also found by Capillary-HPLC chromatograms of the nitrosated phenol solutions that the production of the nitrosophenols were interfered by the excess concentration of nitrite (more than $3.0{\times}10^{-3}M$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 1992

The specific attributes of aroma quality of canned tuna meat were investigated before and during refrigerated storage. Fresh, cooked tuna, beefy and meaty flavor notes of canned tuna meat were changed to card-boardy(1 week storage), oxidized fat-like(2 weeks storage), fatty acid-like and heavy oxidized fat-like(3 weeks storage), and then moldy and painty(4 weeks storage) flavor notes during storage in refrigerator at $4^{\circ}C.$ More than 126 peaks of volatile compounds collected from canned tuna meat were separated on Carbowax 20M capillary column of gas chromatographic analysis. Of the peaks, 54 compounds were identified by mass spectral data, matching $I_E$ values, and sniffing the effluent of each peak from GC detector. The contents of many low molecular weight compounds eluted with early retention times were decreased, whereas some other new compounds eluted with longer retention time were formed during storage. The compounds increased up to 3 weeks of storage and then decreased at extended storage time(4 weeks) were 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten-2-ol, heptanal, limonene, 1-pentanol, octanal, 1-hexanol, nonanal, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 1-heptanol, benzaldehytde and some methyl substituted benzenes. p-Thiocresol, 2-chlorophenol, and 2-heptylthiophene were formed after 4 weeks of storage, but not detected in fresh canned tuna. Therefore, these compounds could be used as indicators for the quality changes during refrigerated storage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.900-904
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• 2010

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hoses, polyethylene hose and silicone hose for tap water were tested with respect to migration of phenolic compounds to water. The highest concentrations (0.36~1.97 mg/L) of total phenolic compounds were observed in the test water from PVC hoses. Increasing residual Cl concentration from 0 to 0.5 mg/L or increasing water temperature from 4 to $25^{\circ}C$ increased 3~3.2 times and 100~104 times for migrated total phenolic compounds concentrations, in respectively. A major migrating phenolic compounds from PVC hoses were bisphenol-a (BPA) and it was observed that the concentration of migrating phenolic compounds in the order: DEHP > 2-chlorophenol > 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol from PVC hoses.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2017

An analytical method for determining potential endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, p-t-butylphenol, p-pentylphenol, p-hexylphenol, p-t-octylphenol, p-heptylphenol, nonylphenol) by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) equipped with fluorescence and variable wavelength detector has been developed. The SPE process for sample concentration was performed on a commercially available Oasis HLB cartridge packed with polymeric sorbents. The effect of elution solvent and elution volume on the recoveries of the analytes were investigated with HPLC. Average recovery of >85% was achieved with 60mg sorbents using 5mL of methanol as elution solvent. Phenolic compounds in canned drinks, beverages and water samples were surveyed by this proposed method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.175-192
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• 1978

Chlorination of the polluted water may produce odoriferous and objectionable-tasting chlorophenols which are hazardous to health. These studies were undertaken to investigate the hazardous effects of chlorophenols to the rat. 1. The chlorophenols such as o-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol inhibited rat growth and caused increment of the ratio between liver weight and body weight. 2. The hemoglobin content, hamatocrit ratio and A/G of rat blood were decreased by chlorophenols administration. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in serum as well as in liver were increased provisonally and decreased after one or two weeks adminstration. 3. The liver mitochondrial respiration ($QO_{2}$) was inhibited by chlorophenols treatment in in-vivo and in-vitro test. 4. The liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was decreased by chlorophenols administration 5. Liver tissue was degenerated with congestion, atrophy, swelling, vacuolation, dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and denature of mitochondrial particle with swelling, and cristal destruction by chlorophenols adminstration. 6. After one and two weeks of adminstration of chlorophenols to rat, the aberrations of bone marrow chromosome and inhibition of its mitosis were observed respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1997

Several dominant 4-CPA-degrading bacteria were isoalted from agricultural soils. Most of the isolates were identified as Burkholderia species by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, but they were idstinct in chromosomal patterns obtained by PCR amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. These strains were generally restricted in their substrate utilization capabilities. The 4-CPA degradative enzymes were idnducible by 4-CPA and some isolates appeared to mineralize 4-CPA via formation of 4-chlorophenol and 4-chlorocatechol as intermediates during its biodegradation pathway. Plasmid DNAs were not detected from most of the isoaltes and their 4-CPA genes wer on the chromosomal DAN. The 4-CPA degradation patterns in axenic cultures and natural soils varied depending on the strains and soils. The inoculation of 4-CPA degraders much improved the removal of 4-CPA from the 4-CPA treated soils.