• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Recently, a great interest in 3D printing has emerged, although many existing 3D printing technologies were first developed 2-3 decades ago. There are many mature 3D printing processes and materials; however, active research and development efforts are ongoing in this area to advance the technologies. Several companies have already started to use 3D printed parts as actual components. Many low-cost 3D printers have been released on the market, which are of particular interest to educators and hobbyists. This paper provides a brief review of 3D printing technologies and research trends. In addition, several state-of-the-art technologies and applications are introduced.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing technique in which has been used in various commercial fields such as engineering, art, education, and medicine. The applications such as fabrication of tissues and organs, implants, drug delivery, creation surgical models using 3D printer in medical field are expanding. Recently, 3D printing has been developing for produce biomimetic 3D structure using biomaterials containing living cells and that is commonly called "3D bio-printing". The 3D bio-printing technologies are usually classified four upon printing methods: Laser-assisted printing, Inkjet, extrusion, and stereolithograpy. In the bio-printing, bio-inks (combined hydrogels and living cells) are as important components as bio-printing technologies. The presence of various types of bioinks, however, in this review, we focused on the bio-inks which enables bioprinting efficacy using hydrogels with living cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

Many 3D printing technologies are being used in various industries, and their demands for well-educated engineers are increasing. Moreover, novel technologies are being developed to overcome the limits of existing 3D printing technologies. In this regard, adequate education and a related curriculum especially in the Mechanical Engineering field, which is the basis of the industry, is essential. In this paper, the development of the 3D printing curriculum and its assessment in Mechanical Engineering education are proposed. The education program consisted of lectures and practice. It consisted of major 3D printing technologies, such as SLA, FDM, SLS, LOM, and Polyjet. Moreover, post-processing, room temperature vulcanizing (RTV), and coloring were also taught. The effectiveness of the proposed education program was assessed by the questionnaire survey, and the results were analyzed. Areas of improvement were deduced from the survey results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.241-256
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to review the characteristics of three-dimensional printing technology focusing on printing types, materials, and health hazards. We discussed the methodologies for exposure assessment on hazardous substances emitted from 3D printing through article reviews. Methods: Previous researches on 3D printing technology and exposure assessment were collected through a literature review of public reports and research articles reported up to July 2018. We mainly focused on introducing the technologies, printing materials, hazardous emissions during 3D printing, and the methodologies for evaluation. Results: 3D printing technologies can be categorized by laminating type. Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is the most widely used, and most studies have conducted exposure assessment using this type. The printing materials involved were diverse, including plastic polymer, metal, resin, and more. In the FDM types, the most commonly used material was polymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) and polylactic acids(PLA). These materials are operated under high-temperature conditions, so high levels of ultrafine particles(mainly nanoparticle size) and chemical compounds such as organic compounds, aldehydes, and toxic gases were identified as being emitted during 3D printing. Conclusions: Personal desktop 3D printers are widely used and expected to be constantly distributed in the future. In particular, hazardous emissions, including nano sized particles and various thermal byproducts, can be released under operation at high temperatures, so it is important to identify the health effects by emissions from 3D printing. Furthermore, appropriate control strategies should be also considered for 3D printing technology.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.443-450
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• 2022

The method of studying 3D-technologies abroad and in Ukraine is considered. The analysis of educational resources and experience of use of the equipment in branch is carried out. The didactic principles of the educational process for 3D-printing specialists are determined. The use of FDM technology and the ability to minimize the occurrence of defects in the future have been studied. An analysis of the international experience of the educational process of relevant specialists in the field. The content of training for 3D printing specialists has been developed. The experience of using 3D-technologies is described and the list of recommendations for elimination of defects during production of products by means of additive technologies is made. The recommendations will be useful not only for beginners, but also for experienced professionals in additive technologies. The need to study such experience is the main condition for the development of enterprises in Ukraine that plan to automate their own production. A 3D printing engineer must know the basics of economics and marketing, because his responsibilities include optimizing workflows to reduce the cost and speed up printing. Therefore, the knowledge gained from practical experience presented and in building for learning 3D printing engineers by the authors will be important.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

This study examined the applicability of digital technologies based on three-dimensional(3D) scanning, modeling, and printing to the restoration of damaged artifacts. First, 3D close-range scanning was utilized to make a high-resolution polygon mesh model of a roof-end tile with a missing part, and a 3D virtual restoration of the missing part was conducted using a haptic interface. Furthermore, the virtual restoration model was printed out with a 3D printer using the material extrusion method and a PLA filament. Then, the additive structure of the printed output with a scanning electron microscope was observed and its shape accuracy was analyzed through 3D deviation analysis. It was discovered that the 3D printing output of the missing part has high dimensional accuracy and layer thickness, thus fitting extremely well with the fracture surface of the original roof-end tile. The convergence of digital virtual restoration based on 3D scanning and 3D printing technology has helped in minimizing contact with the artifact and broadening the choice of restoration materials significantly. In the future, if the efficiency of the virtual restoration modeling process is improved and the material stability of the printed output for the purpose of restoration is sufficiently verified, the usability of 3D digital technologies in cultural heritage restoration will increase.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2019

The 3D printing technology took the second place within the top ten rising technologies at the World Economic Forum in 2012. It arose as a core technology that would enable transformation in the manufacturing industry and develop new markets through the change of existing industry paradigms. Leading countries, like the United States of America, are actively expanding the use of 3D printing technologies within their defense areas. In order to utilize the technology within her defense areas, the Republic of Korea is planning to acquire defense spare parts manufacturing technologies and nurture professional defense personnel specializing in the 3D printing technology. Hence, this study offers various methods to efficiently apply reliable 3D printing spare parts to operation fields in the future by utilizing spare parts localization development management methods within existing weapon systems' development, manufacturing and sustainment phases.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-32
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• 2014

3D printing technology polymeric material or plastic and metallic powder to suit the drafting of additive manufacturing would gradually products soars. 3D printing technologyapplication of a wide variety of industrial sectors. 3D printing technology enables raw materials consumption is less, the supply chain are shorter depending on the load and reduce the use of fossil fuels.Emergence of 3D printing technology so called the third industrial revolution in ICT market, quickly spread worldwide.In the future, 3D printing technology is simply beyond bio-technology, Nano-engineering, the manufacture of the product, incorporating a variety of technologies to improve the quality of life of human beings have played an important role will be.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2017

In this study, biocomposite filaments with agricultural by-products can be used in extrusion-based 3D (Three-dimensional) printing. Extrusion-based 3D printing stands as a promising technique owing to its versatility. We hypothesized that bio-filament composite consisted of something derived from agricultural by-products could be used as 3D printing materials that could overcome the drawbacks of PCL (poly-caprolactone). Bio-filament mixed with PCL and agricultural by-products was defined as r-PCL in this study. In order to find it out the optimal mixing ratio of filaments, we had investigated PCL, r-PCL 10%, r-PCL 20%, r-PCL 50% separately. The morphological and chemical characteristics of the filaments were analyzed by FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope) and EDX (Energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy), and the mechanical properties were evaluated by stress-strain curve, water contact angle, and cytotoxicity analysis. Results of this study have been shown as a promising way to produce eco-friendly bio-filaments composite for FDM (Fused deposition modeling) method based 3D printing technology. Thus, we could establish biomimetic scaffolds based on bio-printer filaments mixed with agricultural by-product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2018

3D printing technology can be applied to various industries, and is trapped by major technologies that change existing manufacturing processes. 3D printing materials must satisfy designability, economy and productivity, and building materials are required to have strength and economy secured technology. 3D printing technology of construction field can be divided into structural materials and internal and external materials, and is mainly done by extruding and adapting. Particularly when it is applied as an exterior materials, it is mainly applied to an unstructured exterior materials and high accuracy is required. The exterior materials can be used as a cement composite materials, it is suitable also for a lamination type, and the role of a cement base bonding material is important. In this research, we developed a cementitious base binder applicable as a 3D printing exterior materials, confirmed density and strength characteristics for application as an exterior materials, a flame retardancy test for improving the fire resistance of buildings and confirmed its possibility.