• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.407-418
• /
• 2011

There are two kinds of closing method for a given braid ${\beta}{\in}B_{2n}$, a braid closure $\hat{\beta}$ and a plat closure $\bar{\beta}$. In the article, we find a relation between the Conway potential function ${\nabla}_{\hat{\beta}}$ of braid closure $\hat{\beta}$ and ${\nabla}_{\hat{\beta}}$ of plat closure $\bar{\beta}$.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the monthly variation in the airborne $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan level throughout one year and its relationship with climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, hours of daylight, cloud cover, and pollen counts). Methods: A total of 106 samples were collected using a two-stage cyclone sampler at five outdoor sampling locations (on top of 5 university buildings). The kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used to obtain $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels. Results: Airborne $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels were significantly higher in the spring, particularly in April, and temperature was significantly related to $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels (r=0.339, p<0.05). Conclusions: $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels may be highest in the spring, and outdoor temperature may influence $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.34 no.4 s.135
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2003

Phytochemical examination of seeds of Astragalus sinicus has led to the isolation and characterization of kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-D-apiofuranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (1), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (2), ampelopsin (3), ampelopsin $3'-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside$ (4), ampelopsin $3'-O-{\beta}-Dxylopyranoside$ (5), myricetin (6), myricetin $3'-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (7), myricetin $3'-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside$ (8). Antioxidative activity of these compounds was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Flavanonols(3,4, and 5) showed potent antioxidative activity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 2004

The heterotrophic production method for Tetraselmis suecica, a suggested alternative to photoautotrophic one in the economic sense, was studied in terms of cell growth and sterolic property. The alga in the 10 mM organic carbon (glucose) manifested cell growth. However, the alga produced by the heterotrophic method showed a unique property of sterol determined with an aid of GC and GC-MS. The photoautotrophic control T. suecica contained 6 detectable sterol species: $cholesta-5,\;22-dien-3\beta-o1$, $ergost-5-en-3\beta-o1$, cholest-5-en-3\beta-o1$, $24-methyl-cholesta-5,\;22-dien-3\beta-o1$, $24-methylcholesta-5,\;24-dien-3\beta-o1$, $24-ethylchlolesta-5,\;24-dien-3\beta­o1$, $24-methylcholesta-5-en-3\beta-o1$, and $24-ethylchlolesta-5en-3\beta-o1$. We discuss the sterolic properties of the alga along the heterotrophic progress, particularly focusing on the availability of the method in the aquaculture of bivalves which normally need sterols as a dietary source.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.262-272
• /
• 1996

The constituents of Sanguisorba hakusanensis leaves (Rosaceae), of which the roots have been used as an astringent, hemostatics and antiphlogistics, were studied phytoche mically. From water fraction of the MeOH extract, gallic acid 3-O-${\beta}$-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside(I), quercetin-3-O-${\beta$-D-galactopyranoside(II), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(III) and $2{\alpha},\;3{\beta},\;19{\alpha}$, 23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(IV) were isolated by column chromatographic separation using Amberlite XAD-2, ODS-gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structure of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic parameters of $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, $^{13}C-^1H$ COSY, EI-Mass, FAB-Mass, IR, UV and by comparison with authentic samples.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 1999

We demonstrated the moxibution on CV5(Serk-Moon) and CV3(Chung-Guk), as we have known contraceptive acupuncture point and pregnancy acupuncture point in oriental medcine, effected on concentration of progesteron and estrogen. As the reports, $3{\beta}-hydroxysteroid\;dehydrogenase/{\Delta}5-{\Delta}4$ isomerase $(3{\beta}-HSD)$ is an enzyme that has catalytic oxidation and isomerase reaction on steroidhormon synthase including progesteron and estrogen. So we observated the concentration and mass of $(3{\beta}-HSD)$ by immuno-chemicalstain, western blot and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in rat ovary. In results, we detected that the mass of $(3{\beta}-HSD)$ decreased significantly in moxibution treated group on CV5($p{\leq}0.05$) in rat ovary and proposed that the moxibution of CV5 make possible to contraception because of blocking estrogen synthesis by $(3{\beta}-HSD)$ decrease. But we didn't know moxibution effects exactly whether is biochemical reaction or thermal reaction on acupuncture point.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 2006

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary ${\beta}-cyclodextrin\;({\beta}CD)$ on reducing the cholesterol content of pork. Twelve swine of 50 kg body weight were randomly distributed into four groups of three heads each and fed experimental diets for 9 weeks until they reached a market weight of 110 kg. They were assigned to the four experimental diets containing 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% or 5.0% pure ${\beta}CD$. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different between any of the four group. The plasma total lipid, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the three ${\beta}CD$-fed groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to those in the control group, and were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 21.80%,55.58% and 27.69%, respectively, in the swine fed on 5% ${\beta}CD$. The cholesterol content of pork belly (mg/100g) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 5.33 mg, 12.70 mg and 15.23 mg in the swine maintained on 1.5%, 3.0% and 5.0% ${\beta}CD$, respectively. The cholesterol content of pork belly, when expressed as the rate of reduced cholesterol, was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 6.44%, 15.36% and 18.42% in groups of 1.5%, 3.0% and 5.0% ${\beta}CD$, respectively, when compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that dietary ${\beta}CD$ may be classified as dietary fiber which can modulate cholesterol metabolism in swine.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2018

In this study, we examined the efficacy of the immune regulation of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 on atopic dermatitis models. The oral administration of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 on mice significantly decreased the amount of scratching, leakage to evans blue, and concentrations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine compared with the atopic dermatitis - induced group. When atopic dermatitis was induced, the transcription factors (GATA-3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor ${\gamma}$ T [$ROR{\gamma}T$]) and cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-17) of Th2 and Th17 cells were overexpressed at the transcriptional level, and they significantly decreased with oral administration of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004. In addition, ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 were shown to modulate the immune balance by increasing the expression of Th1 and Treg transcription (T-bet, forkhead box p3 [Foxp3]) and cytokines (interferon-${\gamma}$ [IFN-${\gamma}$], transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ [TGF-${\beta}$]). Galectin-9 and filaggrin were significantly lower in the atopic dermatitis - induced group and significantly higher in the ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan-treated group. In contrast, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was highest in the atopic dermatitis-induced group, while mice that were orally administered ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 showed similar TSLP levels to the control group. These results indicate that ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 have immunomodulatory effects and atopic dermatitis improvement effects in an animal model of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is expected that ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan and L. plantarum LM1004 can be used as natural materials in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.145-173
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ultrasound irradiation on $TGF-\beta_1$ expression in the surgically injured achilles tendons of rats. The results of this study were as following: 1. The control group (3 days after injury) expressed little immunoreactivity for $TGF-\beta_1$. 2. In the experimental groups, $TGF-\beta_1$ immunoreactivity of group 11(applied US for 3 days) was increased markedly than that of group 1(applied US for 1 day). 3, The experimental group 11(applied US for 3 days) expressed higher immunoreactivity for $TGF-\beta_1$ than control group. These findings suggest that ultrasound irradiation on the injured Achilles tendon may be of benefit such as increasing $TGF-\beta$ release in the inflammatory phase of heal ins process.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 2005

A new acetophenone named rumexin $(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl\;acetophenone)$ was isolated from methanolic extract of Rumex aquatica together with eight known compounds, $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucuropyranoside$, $musizin-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnoside$, $emodin-8-O-{\beta}- D-glucopyranoside$, caffeic acid, $1-O-caffeoyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, 1-methyl caffeic acid, $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucuropyranoside$. All of the above compounds were isolated from Rumex aquatica for the first time, and structures of compounds were established by spectroscopic means.