• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2016

Due to the increasing prevalence and number of life-threatening cases, food allergy has emerged as a major health concern. The classic immune response seen during food allergy is allergen-specific IgE sensitization and hypersensitivity reactions to foods occur in the effector phase with often severe and deleterious outcomes. Recent research has advanced understanding of the immunological mechanisms occurring during the effector phase of allergic reactions to ingested food. Therefore, this review will not only cover the mucosal immune system of the gastrointestinal tract and the immunological mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated food allergy, but will also introduce cells recently identified to have a role in the hypersensitivity reaction to food allergens. These include IL-9 producing mucosal mast cells (MMC9s) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The involvement of these cell types in potentiating the type 2 immune response and developing the anaphylactic response to food allergens will be discussed. In addition, it has become apparent that there is a collaboration between these cells that contributes to an individual's susceptibility to IgE-mediated food allergy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 1986

This paper presents theoretical analysis and experimental results on an improved interference rejection circuit in the presence of continuous wave interference at center frequency, particularly in a wide-band communication systems. This circuit is based upon a phase locked loop for estimating the CW interference phase and the MSE technique to minimize the estimation error. Therefore, the introduced rejection circuit that minimized the estimated phase error outperforms the rejection circuit with phase estimation only. As a result of experiment, we confirm that this proposed rejection circuit gives a high degree of interference rejection performances when the input J/S is large.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 1997

The tungsten disulfide (WS$_2$) solid lubricant was synthesized by two different reaction processes, and the chemical and physical characteristics of synthesized WS$_2$ powder were analyzed in terms of the average particle size, morphology, crystalline phase. The solid WO$_3$ powder with the average size of 0.2 $\mu$m was reacted with CS$_2$ gas flowed with N$_2$ or 96% N$_2$ + 4% H$_2$ forming gas for 36 h and 24 h at 900$\circ$C respectively. In the case of vapour phase transport method, the 3.5 wt% iodine was added as a vapour transport reagent into the composition of tungsten and sulfur powders maintaining a constant molar ratio of W : S = 1 : 2.2. The mixture was then heat treated at 850$\circ$C for 2 weeks in vacuum The reaction product obtained showed the average size of 12 $\mu$m and the hexagonal plate shape of typical solid lubricant with 2H-WS$_2$ crystalline phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1994.11a
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 1994

In this paper, an experiment about the fabrication method of superconductor was made in order to obtain crystal structure by making High T$\sub$C/, superconductor Y$_1$Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$\sub$x/ to Y$_2$Ba$_1$Cu$_1$O$\sub$x/ of nonsuperconductor phase was added. 211 phase, which can approach crystal structure and growth-orientatoun, was used as seed in the 123 phase which shows the properties of superconductor. Therefore crystal growth effect was able to be attained. And the effect is expected to eleminate thin crack in the growth-process and to improve electrical properties by adding Ag to High T$\sub$c/ superconductor Y$_1$Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$\sub$x/ combined with Y$_2$Ba$_1$Cu$_1$O$\sub$x/ .

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.211-212
• /
• 2006

This paper represents a Doherty amplifier with analog predistorter to improve the linearity of the Doherty amplifier while preserving the high efficiency. A $3^{rd}$-order predistorter cancels $5^{th}$-order intermodulation (IM5) as well as $3^{rd}$-order intermodulation (IM3) components by their same phase difference in the predistorter and Doherty amplifier. This is accomplished by independently controlling their phase by using the phase-controlled error generator in the predistorter. For experimental verification, a $3^{rd}$-order predistorter has been implemented and tested in a 180-W Doherty amplifier at the wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) band. The measured results show good performance with the predistortion Doherty amplifier.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.211-222
• /
• 1998

Parametric design is an important modeling paradigm in CAD/CAM applications, enabling efficient design modifications and variations. One of the major issues in parametric design is to develop a geometric constraint solver that can handle a large set of geometric configurations efficiently and robustly. In this appear, we propose a new approach to geometric constraint solving that employs a graph-based method to solve the ruler-and-compass constructible configurations and a numerical method to solve the ruler-and-compass non-constructible configurations, in a way that combines the advantages of both methods. The geometric constraint solving process consists of two phases: 1) planning phase and 2) execution phase. In the planning phase, a sequence of construction steps is generated by clustering the constrained geometric entities and reducing the constraint graph in sequence. in the execution phase, each construction step is evaluated to determine the geometric entities, using both approaches. By combining the advantages of the graph-based constructive approach with the universality of the numerical approach, the proposed approach can maximize the efficiency, robustness, and extensibility of geometric constraint solver.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2018

One of the critical parameters to improve the output power for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is the surface charge density. In this work, we modify the tribo-material of TENG by introducing the $TiO_x$ embedded Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in anatase and rutile phase. The effect of dielectric constant and electronic structure of the $TiO_x$ on the capacitance of TENG and the output power as well are discussed. The surface charge density is increased as the control of the dielectric constant in difference weight percent of $TiO_x$ and PDMS. As the results of that, the 5% $TiO_x$ rutile phase and 7% $TiO_x$ anatase phase embedded PDMS exhibit the highest TENG output. The peak value of voltage/current obtained from $TiO_x$ rutile and anatase phase are ${\sim}180V/8.2{\mu}A$ and $211.6V/8.7{\mu}A$, respectively, at the external force of 5 N and working frequency of 5 Hz, which gives over 12-fold and 15-fold power enhancement compared with the TENG based on the pristine PDMS film. This study provides a better understanding for TENG performance enhancement from the materials view.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 2003

Statistical characteristics of the backscattered light from turbid tissues obtained by polarizationsensitive optical coherence tomography are investigated. The amplitude of the backscattered light is found to faithfully follow the Rayleigh distribution predicted by the scattering theory of electromagnetic waves in random media. The probability density function of the phase difference between the two orthogonal polarization components of the backscattered light is explicitly derived and then verified in comparison with the experimental data measured from in-vitro tissues of porcine ligament.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2009

Korean public owners who order public multi-family housing construction projects have yet to gain access to a model for predicting construction cost. For this reason, their construction cost prediction is mainly dependent upon historic data and experience. In this paper, a cost-prediction model based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) in the design phase of public multi-family housing construction projects was developed. The developed model can determine the total construction cost by estimating the different Building, Civil, Mechanical, Electronic and Telecommunication, and Landscaping work costs. Model validation showed an accuracy of 97.56%, confirming the model's excellent viability. The developed model can thus be used to predict the construction cost to be shouldered by public owners before the design is completed. Moreover, any change orders during the design phase can be immediately applied to the model, and various construction costs by design alternative can be verified using this model. Therefore, it is expected that public owners can exercise effective design management by using the developed cost prediction model. The use of such an effective cost prediction model can enable the owners to accurately determine in advance the construction cost and prevent increase or decrease in cost arising from the design changes in the design phase, such as change order. The model can also prevent the untoward increase in the duration of the design phase as it can effectively control unnecessary change orders.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 2004

In phase controlled rectifier, it's been known that a fast response is achieved by predictive current control without any overshoot. The frequent sampling period is essential to improve the firing accuracy in conventional predict current control. However, improving the firing accuracy if difficult to reduce the period of sampling efficiently because current sampling and predictive current control is carried out in every period and the ON-OFF current control is performed by comparing two different one. To improve the firing accuracy at the predictive current control, the calculated firing angle is loaded into the high-accuracy hardware timer. So the calculation of exact crossing point between the predictive and actual current is the most important. In this paper, the flow chart for proposed firing angle calculation algorithm is obtained for the fastest current control performance in transient state. The performance of proposed algorithm is verified through simulations and experiments.