• 제목/요약/키워드: 1961

검색결과 661건 처리시간 0.021초

Concerted Asynchronous Proton Transfer in H-Bonding Relay Model: An Implication of Green Fluorescent Protein

  • Kang, Baotao;Karthikeyan, S.;Jang, Du-Jeon;Kim, Heeyoung;Lee, Jin Yong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.1961-1966
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    • 2013
  • Theoretical investigations have been performed for the ground state ($S_0$) and the first excited state ($S_1$) of the hydrogen bonded green fluorescent protein (GFP) model. The potential energy surface (PESs) of $S_0$ was obtained by B3LYP method and that of $S_1$ was obtained by CIS method. Based on the relative stabilities of species and the energy barriers for the proton transfer, it was found that proton transfer could take place both under the ground state and the first excited state. As determined by the proton motions along the reaction coordinate, both the ground state proton transfer (GSPT) and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) are considered as a concerted and asynchronous process.

Korea's Rapid Export Expansion in the 1960s: How It Began

  • YOO, JUNGHO
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2017
  • Korea's rapid export expansion suddenly began in the early 1960s and boosted the economy. This paper's investigation finds that it began in 1961, as new export items appeared, export of which increased incomparably faster than that of the current export items at the time. How and why of this highly unusual phenomenon can best be explained by a major reform of foreign exchange system in February 1961. This goes against the widely held view that the switch in development policy from import substitution to export promotion in the mid-1960s was the reason for Korea's export success. Rather, the evidence indicates that the rapid export expansion led to the policy switch. The government's export promotion since the policy switch helped the rapid export expansion continue into the 1970s, despite the protectionist import policy.