• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

In this paper, an effect on a GPS receiver by spoofing signal is analyzed and a GPS spoofing signal detection algorithm for GPS L1 C/A spoofing signal is proposed. A proposed detection algorithm monitors the correlation function distortion by the spoofing signal. If detected distortion is over a detection threshold, we can determine that the spoofing signal is received. The detection threshold is calculated from the statistical characteristics of a thermal noise. For verifying the suggested algorithm, a MATLAB-based simulation platform is implemented. This platform has functionalities to track GPS signal and measure the correlation values. By using this platform, the correlation function distortion by spoofing signal is observed. Also a performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper is applied and confirm the detection of a spoofing signal.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2A
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• pp.147-156
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• 2004

This paper presents an implementation and performance analysis of an access channel decoder which exploits a diversity gain due to the independent magnitude of received signals energy at each of antenna elements of a smart antenna BTS (Base-station Transceiver Subsystem) operating in CDMA2000 1X signal environment. Proposed access channel decoder consists of a searcher supporting 4 fingers, Walsh demodulator, and demodulator controller. They have been implemented with 5 of 1 million-gate FPGA's (Field Programmable Gate Array) Altera's APEX EP20K1000EBC652 and TMS320C6203 DSP (digital signal processing). The objective of the proposed access channel decoders is to enhance the data retrieval at co]1-site during the access period, for which the optimal weight vector of the smart antenna BTS is not available. Through experimental tests, we confirmed that the proposed access channel decoder exploitng the diversity technique outperforms the conventional one, which is based on a single antenna channel, in terms of detection probability of access probe, access channel failure probability, and $E_{b/}$ $N_{o}$ in Walsh demodulator.r.r.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ovarian estrus stage of oocytes and supplementation of medium with BSA, cysteine and myoinositol on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes. The in vitro maturation(IVM) rate to metaphase II (M II) stage of oocytes recovered from different stage of the reproductive cycle (inactive, follicular and luteal stage) cultured in TCM-199 media were $0.0{\pm}0.0%$, $10.0{\pm}4.1%$ and $5.7{\pm}1.6%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes collected from follicular stage was significantly higher in inactive or luteal stage of oocytes. The IVM rates of oocytes recovered from different stage of the reproductive cycle cultured in TCM-199 media with 5% BSA and 0.1 mM cysteine were$0.0{\pm}0.0%$, $15.8{\pm}4.7%$, $5.6{\pm}1.5%$, respectively. The IVM rates of oocytes recovered from different stage of the reproductive cycle cultured in TCM-199 media with 5% BSA and 10 mM myoinositol were $0.0{\pm}0.0%$, $18.4{\pm}4.6%$ and $5.7{\pm}1.9%$, respectively. The IVM rate of follicular stage oocytes was significantly higher in oocytes collected from follicular stage and with cultured 5% BSA and 0.1 mM cysteine or 5% BSA and 10 mM myoinositol compared to other experimental group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 1999

Based on characteristics of resonator in BPF, a resonant characteristic is obtained by using variation of characteristic impedance in rectangular waveguide. And we have designed and made a novel waveguide BPF with this phenomenon. This filter can be made with arbitrary lengths of rectangular waveguide resonators.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 1993

This expeiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the different planting and harvest date on dry matter yield and feed value of forage oat (Avena sativa L.). Seeds were planted on September 1 (first), September 11 (second) and September 21 (third planting date) by hand between rows 30cm and harvest were achieved on November 7 (first) and November 19 (second harvest date) 1992. 1. The plant height was influenced by planting and harvest date. the first planting date showed the tallest plant height. 2. Dry matter (DM) content decreased with delaying planting date from first to third planting date, DM varied from 15.1 to 13.5% and increased with delaying harvest date from first to second harvest date at the same planting date. 3. Leaf weight ratio increased delaying planting date from first to third planting date, varied from 52 to 77%. 4. The content of crude protein increased with delaying planting date from first to third planting date, varied from 14.3 to 25.4% NDF and ADF contents were influenced by planting date and harvest date, it was decreased with delaying planting date. 5. The dry matter yields per ha decreased with delaying planting date: it was 6, 705, 5, 520, and 2, 315 kg at first, second and third planting date, respectively. Significant difference has been obtained among planting date(P<.01). The dry matter yields increased with delaying harvest: it was 4, 027 kg at first and 5, 667 kg at second harvest(P<.01). 6. According to the results obtained from this study. it is suggested that planting date on September 1 and harvest date on November 19 would be recomendable for fall oat forage production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.523-529
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• 2002

Background: Previous reports present that the early results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been improving with the accumulation of surgical experience. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the patients who received CABG to evaluate the recent results of CABG. Material and Method: Between January 1996 and August 2001, 154 patients underwent CABG at Hanyang University Hospital. There were 47 patients(group I) who were operated between 1996 and 1998, and 107 patients(group II) who were operated thereafter. The preoperative diagnosis, operative procedure, mortality, and complications were analyzed retrospectively. Result: There were 35 males and 12 females in group I, and 78 males and 29 females in group II, which shows similar ratio of sexes between the two groups. The average age of patients for group I and group II was $55.9{\pm}6.2$ years and $61.0{\pm}8.0$ years, respectively, showing a significant increase in group II(p<0.05). The average left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) for group I and group II was $54.6{\pm}11.8$% and $56.9{\pm}13.0$%, respectively. The number of patients who had previous MI in group I and group II were 13 patients(27.7%) and 14 patients(13.1%), respectively, which shows a significant difference (p<0.05). All procedures were performed using the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and moderate systemic hypothermia. Myocardial protection was achieved using intermittent hypothermic ischemia under ventricular fibrillation state or cold crystalloid cardioplegic solution for most of group I patients, whereas cold blood cardioplegic solution was used for group II patients. The mean CPB times for group I and group II were $149.2{\pm}48.7$ minutes and $113.1{\pm}30.6$ minutes, respectively. The mean aortic cross clamp times for group I and group II were $81.3{\pm}26.5$ minutes $72.2{\pm}23.9$ minutes, respectively. These figures show that CPB and aortic cross clamp times were significantly reduced in group II(p<0.05). The use of the left internal thoracic artery(LITA) was increased from 42%(20/47) for group I to 81% (87/107) for group II. The mean number of grafts also significantly increased from $2.5{\pm}0.6$ for group I to $3.0{\pm}1.1$ for group II(p<0.05). Intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) was applied in 7 cases in group I and 17 cases in group II. Of these, 28.6%(2/7) and 52.9%(9/17) were broadly applied preoperatively in patients with LVEF<40% or congestive heart failure. The operative mortalities for group I and II were 10.6%(5/47) and 0.9%(1/107), respectively, which shows significant decrease for group II(p.0.05). Conclusion: This report suggest that CABG using CPB can recently be performed more safely in virtue of the accumulation of surgical experience with reduction in CPB and aortic cross clamp times and improved surgical techniques and myocardial protection. And we think that the optimal treatment of patients with left ventricular dysfunction associated with congestive heart failure and the extended application of IABP, especially have contributed to the reduction of operative mortality and morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

We report the spectral characteristics of Multimode Interferometer (MMI)-coupled semicondoctor square ring resonators. The epitaxial layers of the proposed semiconductor ring resonator consists of $1.55{\mu}m$ GaInAsP-InP multiple quantum wells. The lasing characteristics were observed by varying the structure parameters of the MMI-coupled square ring resonators. It is concluded that the MMI-coupled scheme selects a single spectral lasing mode in the double square ring cavities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2009

Acoustic tuning frequency of quarter-wave resonators is investigated numerically to suppress combustion instability in a liquid rocket engine. A quarter-wave resonator is adopted, which was designed from the cold acoustic test for optimal damping condition. First, in a model combustion chamber scaled down from a full-scale chamber, reactive flow filed is analyzed numerically and acoustic-pressure responses are examined. Next, thermodynamic properties in the resonators are predicted. Based on the data, frequency tuning method is studied. The optimum tuning length of each resonator is proposed and thereby, sufficient damping is produced.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2017

태양의 코로나를 관측하기 위한 코로나그래프의 가장 중요한 부분은 태양 원반으로부터의 빛을 차단하기 위한 차폐기다. 태양 원반 밝기의 1e-6 - 1e-10에 이르는 어두운 외부 코로나(>2Rs)를 관측하기 위해서는 외부차폐기에서 발생하는 회절광을 최소화 하는 것이 중요하다. 우리는 수치실험과 실험실 실험을 통해 원통형 차폐기의 성능을 조사하였다. 수치실험 결과 2.5Rs영역을 가리는 원통형 차폐기의 경우 0.4um의 파장대역에 대해서 그 벽면 각도가 0.39도일 때 차폐기에 의한 회절광이 1e-10Is로 최소가 되었다. 우리는 중국 산동대학교 암터널 실험실에서 시뮬레이션과 일치하는 실험결과를 얻었는데 그 회절광량은 이상적인 경우보다는 조금 더 밝은 1e-9Is 수준이었다. 1e-9Is의 회절광량은 일정 간격으로 배치된9장을 겹쳐놓은 차폐기의 이론적인 성능과 비슷한 값으로 외부차폐기/내부차폐기/리오트 스탑/리오트 스팟 등으로 복잡하고 긴 구조의 코로나그래프가 아닌 외부차폐기만을 이용한 짧은 광학계의 소형 코로나그래프로 외부 코로나 관측이 가능함을 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1837-1844
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• 2009

In this paper, the circuit of 2 variable ternary adder and multiplier circuit using current mode CMOS are implemented. The presented ternary adder circuit and multiplier circuit using current mode CMOS are driven the voltage levels. We show the characteristics of operation for these circuits simulated by HSpice. These circuits are simulated under $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS standard technology, $5{\mu}A$ unit current in $0.54{\mu}m/0.18{\mu}m$ ratio of NMOS length and width, and $0.54{\mu}m/0.18{\mu}m$ ratio of PMOS length and width, and 2.5V VDD voltage, MOS model Level 47 using HSpice. The simulation results show the satisfying current characteristics. The simulation results of current mode ternary adder circuit and multiplier circuit show the propagation delay time $1.2{\mu}s$, operating speed 300KHz, and consumer power 1.08mW.