• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 1957

Hydroquinone-formaldehyde resin prepared from hydroquinone, formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid as a catalyst was shown to be oxidized with ferric chloride solution and regenerated by stannous chloride solution. The influence of various conditions of preparation on the capacity of oxidation was studied. Results show that the concentration of a solution of hydroquinone has not any effects below 14 parts of water to 1 part of hydroquinone, by the after-heat-treatment for 5-6 hours at 100-120 deg. C. the capacity of oxidation is exhibited a maximum, and decreased as the mole ratio of hydroquinone to formaldehyde increase. The optimum conditions for the preparation of this resin are as follows: hydroquinone 1 part to distilled water 10 parts, mole ratio of formaldehyde 1.2 to hydroquinone 1, and 5 hours of after-heat-treatment at 120 deg. C. The maximum capacity under the above conditions is 13.99 meq/g-ersin.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.474-483
• /
• 2019

In this study, iron (Fe) impregnated granular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) has been synthesized and characterized for various properties. Comparative studies have been performed for use of Fe-GAC as an adsorbent as well as a catalyst during catalytic oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ). In the batch adsorption study, effect of process parameter like initial HQ concentration ($C_o=25-1,000mg/L$), pH (2-10), contact time (t: 0-24 h), temperature (T: $15-45^{\circ}C$) and adsorbent dose (w: 5-50 g/L) have been studied. Maximum HQ adsorption efficiency of 75% was obtained at optimum parametric condition of: pH = 4, w = 40 g/L and t = 14 h. Pseudo-second order model best-fitted the HQ adsorption kinetics whereas Langmuir model best-represented the isothermal equilibrium behavior. During oxidation studies, effect of various process parameters like initial HQ concentration ($C_o:20-100mg/L$), pH (4-8), oxidant dose ($C_{H2O2}:0.4-1.6mL/L$) and catalyst dose (m: 0.5-1.5 g/L) have been optimized using Taguchi experimental design matrix. Maximum HQ removal efficiency of 83.56% was obtained at optimum condition of $C_o=100mg/L$, pH = 6, $C_{H2O2}=0.4mL/L,$ and m = 1 g/L. Overall use of Fe-GAC during catalytic oxidation seems to be a better as compared to its use an adsorbent for treatment of HQ bearing wastewater.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.439-443
• /
• 2010

The 95% aqueous EtOH extract was obtanied from the fruiting body of Russula subnigricans. Repeated silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC afforded one fatty acid and three chlorinated hydroquinone derivatives. They were identified as nonadecanoic acid (1), 2,6-dichloro-4-methoxyphenol (2), russuphelin A (3), and russuphelin E (4) on the basis of several spectral data (MS, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$-NMR, including HMBC).

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2012

The electrocatalytic activities and surface roughness of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes have been investigated after thermal treatment at 100, 150, or $200^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 2 h, or 8 h. To check electrocatalytic activities, the electrochemical behavior of four electroactive species (p-hydroquinone, $Ru(NH_3){_6}^{3+}$, ferrocenemethanol, and $Fe(CN){_6}^{4-}$) has been measured. The electron transfer rate for p-hydroquinone oxidation and ferrocenemethanol oxidation increases with increasing the incubation temperature and the incubation period of time, but the rate for $Ru(NH_3){_6}^{3+}$ is similar irrespective of the incubation temperature and period because $Ru(NH_3){_6}^{3+}$ undergoes a fast outer-sphere reaction. Overall, the electrocatalytic activities of ITO electrodes increase with increasing the incubation temperature and period. The surface roughness of ITO electrodes increases with increasing the incubation temperature, and the thermal treatment generates many towering pillars as high as several tens of nanometer.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 4,4'-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1,1'-biphenyl(BCPSBP), 술폰화된 하이드로퀴논, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol를 이용하여 새로운 폴리(아릴렌 비페닐설폰 에테르) 공중합체를 합성하였고 이들의 특성을 평가하였다. 첨가한 술폰화된 하이드로퀴논의 몰분율에 따라 PBPSEH-HQ00, PBPSEH-HQ10, PBPSEH-HQ30의 고분자전해질막을 합성하였다. 제조한 공중합체의 구조분석은 NMR, IR, GPC를 사용하여 실시하였고, GPC에서 평균분자량은 62,000-213,000 g $mol^{-1}$이며, 이때 PDI는 1.66-4.04였다. TGA와 DSC를 통하여 열분석을 실시하였고, 고분자의 이온화정도가 많아짐에 따라 $T_{d5%}$와 $T_{d10%}$는 낮아 졌으며, $T_g$값은 점점 상승하였다. 함습율과 IEC, 이온전도도는 술폰화된 하이드로퀴논 몰분율이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 고분자전해질막에서 중요한 양이온 전도도는 $60^{\circ}C$ 및 100%상대습도에서 약 9.4 mS $cm^{-1}$이었다. 측정된 결과로부터 본 연구에서 제조한 탄화수소계 멤브레인은 연료전지용 고분자전해질막으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 1977

$^{13}C-NMR$ behaviors of phenolic compounds such as phenol, catechol, pyrogallol, resorcine, phoroglucine and hydroquinone were studied. From the study on the effects of OH-substitution on benzene and its dervatives it was found that the additivity rule can be applied to the ortho-and para-effect but not to the meta-effect for the OH-function. The empirically calculated chemical shifts regarding the o-and p-effects coincide very well with the results of measurement. The chemical shifts of the phenolic compounds can be classified into three types. 1) Catechol-type C-1 and C-2 145 ppm C-3 and C-6 116-107 ppm 2) Pyrogallol-type C-1 132ppm C-2 and C-6 146ppm C-3 and C-5 106ppm 3) Resorcin-type C-1 and C-3 159ppm C-2 103-95ppm C-4 and C-6 107ppm

• 한국결정학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1991

50% terephthaloyl chloride(TPA)와 50%(1-phenylethyl) hydroquinone(PEHQ)으로부터 합성된 열 액정폴리에스터 poly(1-phenylethyl-p-phenylene-terephthalate)의 chalk conformation 및 packing 상태를 X-선 회절법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 단위세포상수는 a=12.77 A, b=10.17 A(unlque axis), c=12.58 A (fiber axis), β=90.1°, 그리고 공간군은 P2l 이고 단사정계이며 Z:4 이었다. 미세구조는 주쇄상의 Phenyl-COO 그리고 COO-Phenyl 평면간의 그리고 주축과 측쇄간의 torsion angle 들을 중심으로 37개의 회절반점에 대해 Linked Atom Least Square(LALS) 방법을 이용하여 해석하였으며, 1-phenylethyl 치환체는 ortho-와 met a위치에 각각 확률적으로 0.5의 가중치를 부여함에 의해 구조적으로 모델링 되었다. 주쇄상의 Phenyl-COO그리고 Phenyl-COO평면간의 torsion angle은 각각 -6.1°와 65.6°로 주어졌으며 결국 주축상의 Phenol 평면들은 서로 59.5°로 엇갈려 주축을 형성하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. (단 ester, COO-, 기는 평면으로 가정되었다.)

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2001

NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR), known as DT-diaphorase, is a kind of detoxifying phase II metabolic enzyme catalyzing hydroquinone formation by two electron reduction pathway from quinone type compounds, and thus facilitating excretion of quinoids from human body. With the usefulness of QR induction activity assay system for the modulation of toxicants, in the course of searching for cancer chemopreventive agents from natural products, the methanolic extracts of approximately two hundreds of oriental medicines were primarily evaluated using the induction potential of quinone reductase (QR) activity in cultured murine Hepa1c1c7 cells. As a result, several extracts including Hordeum vulgare, Momordica cochinchinensis, Strychnos ignatii, Houttuynia cordata, and Polygala japonica were found to significantly induce QR activity. In addition, the methylene chloride fraction of H. vulgare, one major dietary food source, showed potent induction of QR activity $(CD=6.4{\mu}g/ml)$. Further study for isolation of active principles from these lead extracts is warranted for the discovery of novel cancer chemopreventive agents.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.101-104
• /
• 1986

아디파알데히드, 구르타르알데히드 및 숙신알데히드와 같은 디알데히드는 물-에톡시에탄올 및 에탄올내에 촉매량의 육로듐 십육카르보닐 또는 오카르보닐철의 존재하, 70기압, 일산화탄소, 180$^{\circ}C$, 4시간동안 반응시켜 쉽게 환원되어 대응하는 1,6-헥산디올 및 1,5-펜탄디올 및 1,4-부탄디올이 좋은 수득율로 얻어졌다. 같은 조건하에서 2,5-헥산디온, 2,4-펜탄디온도 대응하는 디올이 보통 수득율로 얻어졌다. 디알데히드의 이중 히드로히드록시메틸화 반응에 대해서는 금속카르보닐 촉매가 다른 촉매보다 더욱 활성적이다. 특히 벤조퀴논은 정량적으로 히드로퀴논을 주었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2004

수용액상에서 철광물질과 유기 용매간의 반응 속도는 여러 반응인자에 따라 반응 속도 실험을 하였다 F $e^{0}$ , FeS와 Fe $S_2$를 반응 매개물로 $C_2$C $l_{6}$에 대한 반응에서 F $e^{0}$ ＞ FeS ＞ Fe $S_2$ 순으로 분해반응 속도가 빠르게 나타났다. 철 광물질에 대해서 $C_2$C $l_{6}$, CHC $l_{5}$ , $C_2$C $l_4$, CHC $l_3$에 대한 분해 반응 속도는 염소 치환기가 적을수록 환원반응 속도는 느리게 일어난다. 환원 반응 속도는 pH, 교반 속도, 반응 온도와 비표면적에 의존적임을 확인하였다. 1,10-phenanthroline과 EDTA화합물은 고립전자 쌍을 가진 2개의 질소 원자에 의해 형성된 두 자리 킬레이트 작용기가 철 표면에 흡착하며 전자 이동 속도를 증가시켜 분해 반응 속도를 증가시킨다. 즉 분자 $\pi$＊ 오비탈을 가진 질소원자는 비어있는 금속에 비편재(delocalized)되어 전자이동 속도를 증가시킨다. 그리고 hydroquinone은 반응 속도에 영향을 주지 않았다. 자연계에 존재하는 카올리나이트는 철 광물질의 부식을 유발시켜 분해 반응속도를 증가시켰다. 반면 F $e^{2+}$와 S $O_4$$^{2-}$ 와 같은 이온은 반응속도에 영향을 주지 않았다.