• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.641-656
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare Chinese-Korean adolescents' with Korean adolescents's academic achievement motivation, parental expectation, teacher expectation, self-efficacy. The object is 492 students in the middle school 2th and high school 2th grade who are from Chinese-Korean school and Korean school in Seoul and Incheon. The major results of findings were as follows: First, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more high than academic achievement motivation in Korean adolescents. Second, juniors in middle school were more positive than parental expectation in high school. Third, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more positive than teacher expectation in Korean adolescents, and juniors in middle school are more positive than ones in high school. Forth, Chinese-Korean adolescents were more high than self-efficacy in Korean adolescents.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.31
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• pp.55-67
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• 1992

산업의 경영도 국가경영, 집단경영, 개인경영으로 구분되어 있으나 국가경영은 오히려 능률이 낮고, 개인영업이 능률이 높은 것으로 인식되고 있었다. 국가경영의 1일 노동은 8시간 근무제이다. 개인경영은 6시부터 새벽 1시까지도 근무하고 개인은 열심히 일하고 급료도 많으며 service도 좋은 편이나 집단·국가경영도 급료 및 service도 낮은 편이다. 개인의 경우는 자가용은 꿈도 꿀 수 없는 상황이다. 호텔은 합작으로 동남아 화교들이 진출하여 건설중에 있고 경제합작, 경제특구로 심천, 광주가 지정되어 외국인 업체가 진출하고 있다. 특히 일본과의 합작이 많고 자동차, 오토바이 등이 거의 일본 제품이다. 상품은 백화점, 국영상점을 제외하고는 정가가 없고 호객 행위로 50% 할인이 보통이었다. 상품은 하등품으로 섬유, 공예품 등을 중심으로 다양성이 없었다.(중략)

• 방재와보험
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• s.121
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• pp.60-65
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• 2007

인류의 종교사에서 커다란 사건 가운데 하나를 꼽으라면 아마 조로아스터교의 출현을 들 수 있을 것이다. 고대 아시아에서 배화교라고도 알려진 이 종교는 종교사 만큼이나 세계사의 흐름을 바꿔 놓는 데도 큰 역할을 했다. 우선 조로아스터교의 등장은 진정한 세계 제국이 등장할 수 있는 토대가 되었다. 그 이전의 모든 종교는 민족 종교의 성격이 강했다. 그래서 어느 민족이 패권을 잡게 되면 피지배 민족의 신은 철저하게 배척당하거나 파괴되었다. 성경을 접해본 사람이라면 구약의 이스라엘 민족이 정복한 민족과 그들의 신을 얼마나 철저하게 파괴하는지를 알 수 있다. 그러나 조로아스터교의 경우는 다른 종교들과는 조금 달랐다.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2001

목적： 이중언어자에 있어서 각각의 언어가 대뇌에 어떻게 표상 되어 있는가에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국어/중국어 이중언어화자를 대상으로 사용한 언어와 과제에 따라 활성화된 부위에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법： 이중언어자(화교) 자원자 8명을 대상으로 하였고, 모두 오른손잡이였다. 한국어와 중국어로 구성된 어휘판단과제(lexical decision task)와 의미판단과제 (semantic decision task)를 이용하여 언어 영역의 활성화를 유도하였다. 어휘판단과제는 화면에 제시되는 두 자극이 모두 단어인지 아닌지 판단하여 신호하도록 하였고(예：원개 · 교화, 토끼, 지욱), 의미판단과제는 화면에 제시되는 두 자극의 의미가 관련 있는지 없는지 판단하여 신호하도록 하였다. (예：가가 ·제제, 아침·저녁). 대조과제는 아랍어(예：equation omitted) 글자의 크기를 판단하여 신호하도록 하였다. 1.5T 초전도 자기공명영상장치에서 EPI BOLD 기법을 이용하여 기능적 영상을 얻었으며 8명에서 얻은 영상을 정상화(normalize)한 후 SPM 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 하였다. p<0.000001을 기준으로 얻어진 활성화 영상에서 각 언어와 과제별로 나타난 활성화 신호의 차이를 육안적으로 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10d
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• pp.214-216
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• 2002

현재 중국의 인구가 약 13억명이고 전세계에 퍼져있는 화교인의 수가 3,300만명이 된다. 그리고 중국어 응용 정보기술분야 시장규모가 커져감에 따라 인터넷 응용에서 중국어 입력요구가 급증하고 있다. 전자상거래, 전자우편을 비롯한 중국어 입력요구를 가진 응용을 활용하려면 중국어 입력기능이 장착된 운영체제가 지원되어야 한다. 그러나 인터넷 상에 연결된 플랫폼에는 운영체제가 다양할 뿐만 아니라 중국어권 외의 대부분의 운영체제는 중국어의 디스플레이는 가능하지만 중국어 입력기능을 지원하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 전세계 인터넷 상의 모든 플랫폼 환경에서 중국어 입력을 필요로 하는 각종 응용을 지원할 수 있도록 중국어 입력기를 설계 및 구현을 통하여 플랫폼에 관계없이 실행됨을 보이고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.525-530
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• 2004

In this paper, the optimum design of tire sidewall contour consisted of double plies for improving automobile maneuverability and tire durability is considered and a GUI program is developed for the purpose of the practical design. Each improvement of maneuverability and durability depends on the cord tension and strain energy distribution of tire sidewall. Satisfing trade-off method, which requires the judgment of aspiration levels, is used for the multi-objective optimization problem. Also, this paper presents the application to the practical sidewall contour design with the GUI program developed using visual Fortran.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.47
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• pp.241-279
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• 2023

The Scripture of Myriad Laws was first published in 1986 and then reprinted in 1994 and 1995. It gained widespread recognition as a mysterious text or a Buddhist document containing enigmatic content that deemed difficult to comprehend. Through the analysis of the content of The Scripture of Myriad Laws, it was revealed that the book was published by the Dragon Flower Order, a Jeungsanist religion founded by Seo Baek-Il (徐白一). Therefore, the various texts included in The Scripture of Myriad Laws can be classified as 'Songs of Jeungsanism' (Jeungsan-gyo Gasa 甑山敎歌辭). The contents included in The Scripture of Myriad Laws often mention terms unique to the Jeungsanist orders, such as 'the Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth' (天地公事), 'presiding over cures' (醫統), 'Degree Number' (度數), 'the West God' (西神), 'the nobility of heaven' (天尊), 'the nobility of earth' (地尊), 'the nobility of humanity' (人尊), 'ruling the world for 50 years' (治天下五十年), and 'the era of Resolving Grievances (解冤時代).' It also discusses the birthplace and birth date of Kang Jeungsan, his family name, and the duration of his existence. The contents directly quote the words spoken by Jeungsan and incorporate them into songs. They also mention unique Jeungsan terms such as 'Five Immortals Playing Baduk' (五仙圍碁), 'open-weight wresting match,' 'birth, growth, harvest, and storage' (生長斂藏), 'the god who listens to words' (言聽神), 'pillar of foundation' (基礎棟樑),' 'Ocean Seal' (海印), and 'the higher gods' (上計神). It is also notable that some verses of Chinese poetry that Jeungsan taught his disciples are directly quoted in this scripture. Furthermore, the scripture shows traces of Buddhist salvational beliefs; particularly those that emphasize faith in Maitreya Bodhisattva (彌勒信仰). However, The Scripture of Myriad Laws differs from traditional Buddhist beliefs in that it anticipates and emphasizes the birth of a specific individual endowed with the power and abilities of Maitreya Buddha. While emphasizing Maitreya Buddha (彌勒世尊) and the Dragon Flower Gathering (龍華會上), the scripture also specifically mentions Geumsan-sa Temple (金山寺) located on Mount Moak (母岳山) in North Jeolla Province, and these details are sung about in a special manner. This positive portrayal serves to affirm the belief of followers that Jeungsan, centered around Geumsan-sa Temple, was an incarnation of Maitreya Buddha. Moreover, The Scripture of Myriad Laws subtly asserts that Seo Baek-il, the leader of the Dragon Flower Order, who is mentioned in the scripture, is the absolute savior who has come to this world in place of Jeungsan. In support of this teaching, his birth date, birthplace, years of imprisonment, release date, and honorific name (號) are all recorded in precise detail.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.355-368
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• 2017

Regarding to Dandong as the gateway city of the Sino-North Korea trade, cultural anthropology characterizes it with a hybridity of four groups with a different combination of ethnic and national identity: Korean Chinese(Chosonjok), South Koreans, North Koreans and Chinese-North Koreans. And, microeconomics views the enterprises in Dandong area have different sizes and types in the Sino-North Korea cross-border trade depending on their owner's ethnic and national identity. However, these researches focuses mainly on the differences between the groups, falling short in showing how the group members utilize their double identities to maintain and prosper their businesses, coping with various and changing situations. This study introduces the concept of 'identity juggling' and applies it to Chosonjok cross-border traders. The results from the in-depth interview and survey indicate they juggles their Korean ethnic identity and Chinese national identity selectively in terms of their bilinguality of the Korean and Chinese, mobility crossing China, South Korea, and North Korea, and prospects on the trade revitalization thanks to potential mitigation of tensions in Korea peninsula.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.107-130
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• 2008

The study of Korean diaspora has focused on migration, adaptation, and identity of overseas Koreans in China, the CIS, Japan, and the United States. However, the contemporary concept of a diaspora is a way of understanding migration, cultural difference, identity politics, and so on. Thus, this more broadly defined diaspora is used to mean a dispersion of people of a common national origin or of common beliefs living in exile. As of 2007, it is estimated that there are about 7 million Koreans living in 170 countries outside the Korean peninsula. Some have left Korea involuntarily and some others voluntarily. But most of them actively try to maintain their identity and culture as Koreans. With the large number of overseas Koreans, there has recently been the recognition of the importance of networking among overseas Koreans in the 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of Korean Global Network of overseas Koreans. In doing so, this paper reviewed the case of Jewish and Chinese network. Then, this paper indicates the problems in the networking of overseas Koreans and suggests the policy implications for Korean Global Network. Above all, there should be changes in the government's policy towards overseas Koreans in the direction of organizing networks of overseas Koreans to coexist with the mother country. The government should adopt a policy to restore trust in overseas Koreans. It should take a pragmatic approach to the mutual interests in the socioeconomic relations instead of taking a political approach to overseas Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.661-667
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid genetic algorithm for sequential ordering problem (SOP). In the proposed genetic algorithm, the Voronoi quantized crossover (VQX) is used as a crossover operator and the path-preserving 3-Opt is used as a local search heuristic. VQX is a crossotver operator that uses the epistasis information of given problem instance. Since it is a crossover proposed originally for the traveling salesman problem (TSP), its application to SOP requires considerable modification. In this study, we appropriately modify VQX for SOP, and develop three algorithms, required in the modified VQX, named Feasible solution Generation Algorithm, Precedence Cycle Decomposition Algorithm, and Genic Distance Assignment Method. The results of the tests on SOP instances obtained from TSPLIB and ZIB-MP-Testdata show that the proposed genetic algorithm outperforms other genetic algorithms in stability and solution quality.