• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was intended to identify the patterns of fatigue and its related factors in patients with stomach cancer during chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty participants (24 males and 6 females) were recruited for this study which utilized a longitudinal and descriptive approach. The research instruments included the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Symptom Distress Scale, and Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale. The participants received 5-FU and Adriamycin at the first week and 5-FU only at the second and third week. The instruments were measured six times in total. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results: It was found that fatigue scores in patients with stomach cancer, receiving 5-FU and Adriamycin (FA) regimen, reached the highest level on the third day (F=9.37, p=.024) after the initial infusion, and decreased gradually afterward. The symptom and psychological distress scores illustrated very similar pattern. The concept of multidimensionality of fatigue in patients with stomach cancer was supported in this study, showing that all four dimensions of the scale were positively correlated. Conclusion: The results of this study provided useful information of patients with stomach cancer on fatigue and other related symptoms which they experienced during weekly scheduled chemotherapy with FA regimen.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nutritional education program (NEP) on nausea and vomiting, anorexia, food intake, and nutritional status among GI cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A nonequivalent, non-synchronized posttest design was used. Study subjects were conveniently selected 30 patients (15 subjects for each group) who were undergoing chemotherapy. The subjects of the experimental group received NEP which consisted of 2 educations and 1 counselling while they were hospitalized, and telephone counselling with nutritional supports after discharge for four times. Results: The score of anorexia was lower and the amount of food intake was higher in the experimental group than those of the control group. However, there were no significant differences in levels of nausea and vomiting, weight, hemoglobin, albumin, and total protein level between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the NEP was effective in alleviating anorexia and improving subjective food intake of GI cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. These findings suggest that NEP can be a useful nursing intervention for preventing nutritional disorders for patients with GI cancer after chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the level of physical activities at time points of pre-illness and current treatment, and the differences in body mass index (BMI), anxiety, depression and fatigue according to their physical activity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The survey was used with 126 cancer patients undergoing daily chemotherapy at injection room, cancer clinic of C University Hospital in G city. Data were collected from June to September, 2009 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and t-test using SPSS/WIN15.0. Results: The significant increase in physical activity was reported from pre-illness to the time in treatment (${\chi}^2$=69.027, p<.001). The anxiety level of the group with increased physical activity was significantly lower than those who did not (t=-2.218, p =.028). There were no significant differences in BMI, depression, and fatigue according to physical activity. Conclusion: The level of physical activity was significantly associated with the anxiety level of the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer patients should been encouraged regular physical activity during chemotherapy treatment. And an appropriative nursing intervention should be established in order to motivate cancer patients to increase physical activity.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of semen sinapsis albae acupressure on fatigue and sleep among patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast neoplasms. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Participants were 46 hospitalized patients (23 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who were undergoing chemotherapy during November and December 2014. The experimental group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care and at the same time received acupressure on the spots of Zoksamli, Samumgyo and Shinmun. The control group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care. The data were analyzed using test and t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The level of fatigue in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (t=5.82, p<.001). The level of sleep in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (t=-5.16, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to decrease fatigue and increase sleep in patients with breast neoplasm undergoing chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between energy intake and fatigue in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 106 subjects had participated in this study. Data were collected at a university hospital in D city from September 1st to November 10th, 2010. Energy intake including carbohydrates, protein and fat was measured by scale and analyzed using Can Pro 3.0 program. Fatigue level was measured by the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: The mean calorie intake during chemotherapy was $906.53{\pm}201.28Kcal/day$ which was 45.3% of the recommended daily calorie intake. The mean of protein intake level was $43.62{\pm}11.13g/day$, and it was low compared to the recommended daily protein intake. Calories, carbohydrates, and protein levels on 3rd day after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those of 2nd day after chemotherapy (p<.001). The fatigue level during chemotherapy was $5.77{\pm}0.77$ which was moderate level of fatigue. There was a significant negative interrelation between energy intake and fatigue. Conclusion: Theses results suggested that nursing approaches to encourage dietary intake may be helpful to reduce fatigue for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of changes on the score of nausea/vomiting and anxiety during one cycle of chemotherapy. Method: A total of 53 subjects who were admitted to C University Hospital for a period of 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from February to April, 2003. Total scores of nausea/vomiting were measured twice a day 3 days for a total of 6 measurements. Anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue were also measured at the first and last measurement points. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, & Pearson's correlation. Result: The score of nausea/vomiting increased over time except for the 4th measurement point but no changes were significant over time. There were the significant differences between 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd nausea/vomiting score at p < 0.05. The scores of anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue between the first and 6th points were significantly different(t=-5.69, p=.001; t=6.25, p=.0001; t=3.65, p=.0007). Conclusion: Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between anxiety, and anticipatory and acute nausea/vomiting respectively.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to measure the quality of life of those who suffer from breast cancer and take the chemotherapy. Method: The Subjects were 70 breast cancer patients who took the chemotherapy from September 2 to October 31, 2003. Quality of life was measured by Ferrell's measurements. Result: Quality of life indicators were spiritual domain=6.44, physical domain=5.45, social domain=4.15, and mental domain=3. 95. Whole quality of life was 4. 68 out of 10 points. The quality of life of those with a practicing religion was significantly higher than those without(F=3.88, P=0.026). Subjects who were less than 2 months post-operation had higher points in the physical domain than those who were more than 2 months post-operation (t= 2.76, p=0.007). Subjects who had less than 4 treatments of chemotherapy had higher points in the physical domain than those who had more than 4 treatments of chemotherapy (t=2.03, p=0.046). Conclusion: The results of this study serve as a meaningful source to promote quality of life of breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. The results can also be applied to the development of education programs and counseling materials for chemotherapy patients. Health care strategy can also raise the quality of life of brest cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma oil inhalation using peppermint and bergamot on nausea vomiting and anorexia in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Method: Study subjects were 30 patients who had experienced nausea and vomiting when they had been hospitalized in K university hospital located in D city after receiving more than two Cisplatin combination chemotherapy treatments. Among them 15 patients were in the experimental group doing aroma oil inhalation and the other 15 patients were in the control group without aroma oil inhalation. The data were collected from February 1, 2002 to May 17, 2002. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test, t-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA. Result: 1) The degree of nausea and vomiting in the experimental group with aroma oil inhalation using peppermint and bergamot were significantly lower than that of the control group. 2) The degree of anorexia in the experimental group with aroma oil inhalation using peppermint and bergamot were significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: aroma oil inhalation was effective for relieving patients' nausea vomiting and anorexia receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, it is proposed that aroma oil inhalation should be applied as a supportive nursing arbitration method to relieve patients' nausea vomiting and anorexia who are receiving chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.434-445
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the impact of the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression on the quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and thirteen patients were recruited from five hospitals in Korea. The instruments used in this study were the fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance, pain and the quality of life scale for patients with breast cancer. The influence of the symptom cluster on patients' QOL was analyzed by using multiple regression. Results: Most patients reported a moderate level of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance and depression. Eighty percent of patients reported three of the four symptoms. Among the four symptoms, there was no correlation between pain and sleep disturbance. Quality of life was negative correlated with the four symptoms in the cluster. Symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression accounted for 51.2% of variance in QOL. Conclusion: The findings supported that there is a symptom cluster that negatively influences quality of life and needs to be addressed as we are caring for patients and are promoting quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.588-596
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence depression in stomach cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at outpatient clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Ninety two subjects diagnosed with stomach cancer and receiving chemotherapy agreed to participated in the study. Subjects completed a survey which included questions about depression, symptom experience, social support and self-efficacy. Results: The level of depression was $13.45{\pm}6.92$. Reported depression differed according to patient's perceived health status. Depression was significantly correlated with symptom experience, social support and self-efficacy. The most important factor related to depression was symptom experience, followed by social support and self-efficacy. These three factors could explain about 47% of depression in stomach cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although the level of depression in stomach cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was relatively low, 34.8% of patients reported to have depression. It is important to apply nursing intervention including screening of depression level in stomach cancer patients receiving chemotherapy that focused on symptom experience and to consider about social support and self-efficacy at outpatient clinic.