• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-96
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• 2008

In the 19th century Fourier and Dirichlet studied the expansion of "arbitrary" functions into the trigonometric series and this led to the development of the Riemann's definition of the integral. Riemann's integral was considered to be of the highest generality and was discussed intensively. As a result, some weak points were found but, at least at the beginning, these were not considered as the criticism of the Riemann's integral. But after Jordan introduced the theory of content and measure-theoretic approach to the concept of the integral, and after Borel developed the Jordan's theory of content to a theory of measure, Lebesgue joined these two concepts together and obtained a new theory of integral, now known as the "Lebesgue integral".

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

The access to web applications has continuously evolved toward the adoption of content centric interfaces. Services and information items are much of user's concern than web sites. For an efficient accommodation of increasing needs of content oriented operations, the scope of domain names is extended in two directions. A naming scheme is derived that is suitable for resource level access units and the semantics of domain names is conceived as very flexible functions. First extension regards the removal of unnecessary TLD's of domain names for resource level binding. Second extension makes the resource level domain names rich in functional binding and consequently various applications can be directly triggered by the invocation of domain names without intervening medium. These extensions may lay a certain direction for the future internet evolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-69
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• 2002

The concept based retrieval model has shown a higher performance than those of the simple matching function method or the P-norm retrieval method introduced to compensate the demerits of the Boolean retrieval model. However. it takes too long to create a semantic-net knowledge base, which is essential in concept exploration. In order to solve such demerits. a method was sought out by creating a distributed knowledge base by subjects to reduce construction time without hindering the performance of retrieval.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.741-749
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• 1999

This study is to develop a method of measuring the soil water concentration by using TDR, which is based on the relationships between the bulk soil electrical conductivity of soil and the reflected wave of TDR. The proposed monitoring method is combined with two important relationships. One is that between the bulk soil electrical conductivity and the solute concentration, which is known to be linear at a constant volumetric soil water content and the other is that between the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity and the water content at a constant concentration. Some formulas have been proposed to solve the second relationship, but a new formula and the critical water content are proposed to improve the accuracy of measurement. This proposed formula estimates the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity for water contents which is divided to two regions, linear and nonlinear, by the critical water content. As the result of the comparison with other formulas, the proposed formula is proved to be superior to other formulas and to be an available method to apply to the unsaturated transient solute transport.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

In recent years, the AES in North America and the NESSIE project in Europe have been in progress. Six proposals have been submitted to the NESSIE project including the LILI-128 by Simpson in Australia in the synchronous stream cipher category. These proposals tend towards a design with parallelism of the algorithms in order to facilitate speed-up. In this paper, we consider the PS-LFSR and propose the effective implementation of various nonlinear combiners: memoryless-nonlinear combiner, memory-nonlinear combiner, nonlinear filter function, and clock-controlled function. Finally, we propose m-parallel SUM-BSG and LILI-l28's parallel implementation as examples, and we determine their securities and performances.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

In this paper, we present the methodology about an optimal probability distribution selection as well as survival rate estimation with the national highway database from 1999 to 2008. Probability paper methods are adopted to estimate the parameters of each hazard model. The goodness-of-fit test, such as the Anderson-Darling statistics, was performed. As a result, we found that Lognormal distributionan is an appropriate distribution of newly constructed sections as well as overlayed sections. We also ascertained that the results of survival rate for pavement life between the proposed method and observed data are similar. Such a selection methodology and measures based on reliability theory can provide useful information for maintenance plans in pavement management systems as long as additional life data on pavement sections are accumulated.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2000

One of the hidden problems in a domain theory is that an agent does not understand the meaning of its action. Graphplan uses mutex to improve efficiency, but it does not understand negation and suffers from a redundancy problem. Introducing a negative function not in IPP partially helps to solve this kind of problem. However, using a negative function comes with its own price in terms of time and space. Observing that a human utilizes opposite concept to negate a fact based on MDL principle, we hypothesize that using a positive atom rather than a negative function to represent a negative fact is a more efficient technique for building an intelligent agent. We show empirical results supporting our hypothesis in IPP domains. To autonomously learn the human-like concept, we generate a cycle composed of opposite operators from a domain theory and extract opposite literals through experimenting with the operators.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.802-809
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose the similarity measurement method between two program codes by counting the frequency and length of continuous patterns of specifiers and keywords, which exist in two program codes. In addition, we propose the visualization method of this analysis result by formal concept analysis. Proposed method considers adjacencies of specifiers or keywords, which have not been considered in the previous similarity measurements. Proposed method can detect the plagiarism by analyzing the pattern in each function regardless of the order of function call and execution. In addition, the result of the similarity measurement is visualized by the lattice of formal concept analysis to increase the user understanding about the relations between program codes. Experimental results showed that proposed method succeeded in 96% plagiarism detections. Our method could be applied into the analysis of general documents.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2008

The variation of real phenomena and shape of nature in our world is so complicated that some mathematical tools using the traditional geometric methods based on the Euclidean geometry and analytical differential method may be irrelevant or insufficient in some problems. Recently, to deal with these circumstances, one can use the fractal geometric method. As another measures, in this paper we introduce the non-integral order derivative function for the analytical method and construct to facilitate their calculation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.128-131
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of fuzzy r-$M^*$ preopen mappings between fuzzy r-minimal spaces. We also investigate the relationships among fuzzy r-M precontinuous mappings, fuzzy r-$M^*$-preopen mappings and several types of fuzzy r-minimal compactness.