• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.265-274
• /
• 1997

All landscapes are mosaics of habitat patches of different types. Therefore, there are always edged between habitat patches in a landscape. Forest animal has an important role in vegetation development and maintenance by seed dispersal around forest. Movement of animals depends on the spatially heterogeneous structure and pattern of vegetation landscapes because each animal has special habitats in a landscape. Especially, forast edge with high permeability and prey density is one of the important habitats to the animals. Therefore, understanding the ecological characteristics of the forest edges as a corridor connecting mosaic vegetation patches is necessa교 새 establish the strategies for the nature conservation and sustainable vegetation management. Under this idea, we examined the animal influenced on pine seeds as one of the method of monitoring the animal activity in mosaic vegetation. Man-made mosaic vegetations including open, edge and inner forests were carefully selected in the rural landscape. We carried out predation test on pine seeds during one year. A result was that damages on seed was more significant at forest edge than inner and open forest. Pine seed on seedbeds was mainly attacked by squirrels and mice than birds. Pine seed was damaged by squirrels in different types of vegetation by seasons. Rate of seed predation at forest edge was, in special, higher than that of other sites. According to this results, it is suggested that the relationship between animal behavior and spatial vegetation structure relating to human impact such as the distance from settlement to vegetation appeares to be in the rural vegetation landscape.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.929-941
• /
• 2012

In recent years, interest in river environment such as riparian landscape, water quality and ecological conservation has been growing with increasing recreation on agricultural river watershed. That caused the increase of necessity of water resources development, one of solutions for the diversification of agricultural water demand and shortages. In this respects, heightening irrigation dam, as a part of the 4-major river restoration project, is necessary to secure not only additional agricultural water but also instream flow for water quality improvement. However, operation plan of irrigation dam still not be clear. In this study, additional storage which secured through heightening irrigation dam was estimated using SWAT model. And instream flow effects on water quality of downstream were evaluated. The findings show that the additional water supply will contribute positively to water quantity and quality of downstream. The results show a 2~10% water quality improvement effect on nutrients, as well as an 1~8% water quantity increasing effect. In particular, additional storage can be effectively supplied from February to April by the reservoir operation. However, maintaining better water quality in irrigation reservoirs is important because the water quality of irrigation reservoirs can be negatively impacts the water quality in downstream of reservoirs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2007

The purpose of main entrance was to protect the house with the wall and working for the house-gate where people come in and go out. On the other hand, the type of main entrance is changed variously depended on the materials for house and method of construction. Eleven villages in the Chungyang-Gun where the environment of rural villages is well maintained was chosen and researched to make data. These data of visual landscape elements were analysed by using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Relations of the visual component elements were analysed by the analysis for frequency and analysis for crosstab. From the above research we could conclude below results. Through review of the pre-researching and researching literatures, 11 types of visual component elements were selected such as the types of the gate, the looking through degree of the gate, the material of the gate, the color of the gate, the plan of the house, the material of the roof, a material of the wall, a color of the wall, the form of the penetration, the area to put, the area of a site, the year of the constructing a building. For the types of the gate, the gate from without the roof has been the most popular since it appeared 41.5%. For the looking through degree of the gate, a complete blockade form has been the most popular since it appeared 63.2%. For the material of the gate, the iron plate has been the most popular since it appeared 32.1%. For the color of the gate, color has been the most popular since it appeared 68.4%. For the plan of the house, 'ㄷ' form has beneath most popular since it appeared 38.3%. For the material of the roof. The Zinc has been the most popular since it appeared 51.9%. For a material of the wall, A cement mortar has been the most popular since it appeared 47.7%. For a color of the wall, Without tile color has hem the most popular since it appeared 67.0%. For the form of the penetration. The plain form has been the most popular since it appeared 54.0%. For tile area of a site, $100m^2{\sim}200m^2$ has been the most popular since it appeared 39.0%. The results of this study can provide to use of indicates four rural-housing reform. From now on, the results look forward to offering the meaning directions for the improvement of rural house gates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2018

While cities became bigger and bigger since 1990s, many indiscretely high buildings started to be built in the mountain areas inside a city and in the rural areas in the suburb of each city. To regulate such indiscrete developments, the government prepared for some relevant legal and institutional criteria by having enacted the "Landscape Act" and established a strong management means in the legal and institutional aspects by having introduced the natural landscape deliberation system and the landscape deliberation one into the "Natural Environment Conservation Act." However, since some uniform levels of absolute height and no. of stories are suggested legally and institutionally, it is hard to consider the effects of a real building structure onto the relevant landscape. Accordingly, this thesis is intended to grasp the contrast of the landscape elements in the allowable height section, which is presented through landscape sensitivity. As the results from the visual contrast rating on a small apartment complex located in Dangjin and a large scale of apartment complex in Seosan as the apartment complexes surrounded with natural landscapes that were selected as the subjects of this study, the following conclusion can be finalized. First, there were deducted some factors, that is, forms, lines, colors, textures and sizes as the ones with which can measure and evaluate the contrasting properties when a structure gets into a natural landscape. Second, in case of a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground) compared to a large one (in the foreground), it was found that the contrasting properties were bigger. In addition, it was also found that the contrasting property of the landscape factor of the foreground compared to that of the middle one becomes bigger depending on a distance. Third, as the results from an evaluation on the contrasting properties of the landscape factor depending on the changes of each floor of a structure, it was found that the factors, that is, forms, lines, colors, textures and sizes are very significant. Among those factors, the factors, forms and lines in a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground) showed each log regression. But in all of the other cases, they showed each line regression. Fourth, as the results from examining the regression coefficients of the landscape factor, the coefficients of the shapes and lines have similar coefficients and the colors and the textures have similar ones, too. In case of the sizes of apartment complexes, the colors and the textures of a large apartment complex (in the foreground) have similar coefficients, in case of that in the middle ground, the shapes and lines have similar coefficients. Fifth, as the results from estimating the contrasting properties of the landscape factor on the floors within the allowed scope of the landscape sensitivity, it was found that the contrasting property was 3.5 to 4.9 in case of a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground), but 2.5to 3.7 in case of a small scale of one. In case of a large scale of apartment complex, the value was 3.5 to 5.3, but in case of a large one in the middle ground was 2.9 to 4.9. Sixth, it was comprehended that the contrasting properties of the landscape factor become different depending on each size of apartment complex and the distance of a view point. In this study, it is intended to find the meaning from the aspect that the results can be used as the baseline data for comprehending a proper range of heights of structures objectively during a natural landscape deliberation or a landscape deliberation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2011

The traditional village forests called Dangsan forest and Bibo forest in Korea represent unique cultural landscape with a history of more than several hundred years. The Natural Monument # 405 named 'Roadside forest in Sachon-ri, Uiseong' was established by the ancestors who settled in the village about six hundred years ago. The Dangsan ritual had been held in the forest and the ritual started to be held at a shrine since early 1700's. Although the place where Dangsan ritual was held has been transferred from forest to outside forest, the status of Dangsan forest was not changed. The forest has not been known as a Dangsan forest. Instead, it has been known as a Bibo forest with a name meaning roadside forest. It is our duty to hand historic monuments on in full richness of their authenticity. No new construction, demolition or modification which would alter the mass and colour must be allowed. Furthermore, every means must be taken to facilitate the preservation of the monument and to reveal it without distorting its meaning. The 'Roadside forest in Sachon-ri, Uiseong' is a deciduous forest composed of Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, and Sophora japonica, with a size of $920{\times}90m$ at the side of a stream. An old Sophora japonica tree known as a scholar tree indicates that this forest is related to confucianism. The name 'Roadside forest in Sachon-ri, Uiseong' does not seem to be correct. In fact, the traditional village forest in Sachon-ri was a riparian buffer. The 'Roadside forest in Sachon-ri, Uiseong' need to be changed to 'Dangsan forest in Sachon-ri, Uiseong'. With a correction on name and authenticity restored, the value of cultural heritage in Sachon-ri would be recognized effectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 2017

These days, the demand of farm tours is on the rise in Korea. However, most of them are related to farming experience. To overcome the situation, ecological experience is introduced. In this sense, it is necessary to obtain the contents and educational materials of ponds, the space of farming and ecological experience. Therefore, this study analyzed the use patterns of oriental medicine of pond wetland plants. Oriental medicine is used for old and traditional knowledge, and is still applied to various fields, such as medical science, pharmacy, and science. The analyzed result of this study will be helpful for the educational materials of ecological experience. This study surveyed plants of 40 pond wetlands in rural areas, and looked into the use patterns of traditional medicine by using the contents of Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal being operated by Korean Intellectual Property Office. According to the vegetation survey of the 40 pond wetlands, there were a total of 457 taxa in 108 families, 309 genera, 392 species, 59 varieties, 5 forma, and 1 subspecies. Among them, 314 taxa in 53 families, 136 genera, 265 species, 45 varieties, 3 forma, and 1 subspecies had the information on the use patterns of traditional medicine. It means that 68.8% of the plants around pond wetlands contain traditional medicine. Given other application patterns, such as food, handcraft and traditional farming, more than 70~80% are expected to include traditional knowledge. 314 taxa used for traditional medicine had 570 kinds of efficacy and 325 kinds of disease treatment. It means that one taxon has 4.0 (0~20) kinds of efficacy on average and 6.6(0~20) kinds of disease treatment. It is expected that this study result will be applied to various fields, including experience, education, and medical science. And it is considered that valuable pond wetlands are worthwhile to be conserved constantly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2013

This study analyzed the consciousness and attitudes of local residents to the development plan of Sobaeksan Jarackgil by applying the social exchange theory to provide basic data for the establishment of the Mountainous Ecology Trail Development Plan, collecting opinions of local residents. For this, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey and personal interview targeting 150 residents of seven villages. Summarizing the results, first, because of analyzing the consciousness of the residents, most of the local residents turned out to be aware of the Sobaeksan Jarackgil development plan and agreed on it. Second, as a result of analyzing the consciousness of residents, for attitudes according to gender, females expected more than males of exchanging with visitors and excavation of cultural assets. Furthermore for attitudes according to age, groups aged under 60 turned out to be concerned about the increase of environmental pollutions, rise in crimes, destruction of cultures, and the induction of conflicts among residents. For attitudes according to occupations, farm workers were worried about the destruction of ecology, and for local characteristics and damages to the landscape, all of the local residents turned out to be concerned. It was shown that groups that agreed on the development plan expected positively on most of the items of economic, environmental, and sociocultural aspects, while those that disagreed on the plan were anxious for negative effects such as landscape damages and the increase of environmental pollutions from the environmental point of view, and the induction of conflicts among residents from the point of sociocultural perspective.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2014

A lot of Pond Wetland (Palustrine Wetland) are distributed in agricultural landscapes, Korea. These wetlands are evaluated as important resources for conservation of biodiversity. However, the study of Pond Wetland is rarely conducted except type classification in Korea. In this study, the function of pond wetland as ecosystem services is studied for conservation and utilization of wetland. Research was conducted in three steps; functionality analysis, functionality derivation, and importance analysis. A total of 22 features were derived by analyzing the previous studies. As a result of expert survey, 4 features were selected by each in the field of biological, environmental, and socio-culture among the 22 features. Importance was calculated by conducting a cross-functional features using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, 10 ecosystem service functions of pond wetland were derived through expert survey; (1) Water Storage & Irrigation, (2) Vegetation Diversity, (3) Amphibian & Reptile Habitat, (4) Water Purification, (5) Aquatic Insect Habitat, (6) Nutriments Control was derived, (7) Groundwater Recharge, (8) Fishery Habitat, (9) Eco-Experience & Education, and (10) Aesthetic landscape. It is expected that this study is able to utilize in evaluation of pond wetlands ecosystem services by further study on analysis of functional importance and economic value index.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.322-332
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this paper were to investigate home range, habitat selection, and threat factors of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) living in rural area of Korea. The results based on radio tracking of three leopard cats (two males and one female) can be summarized as follows. First, the average home range of leopard cats were $2.64{\pm}1.99km^2$ (Kernel 95) and $3.69{\pm}1.34km^2$ (MCP 100), and the average size of core areas was $0.64{\pm}0.47km^2$ (Kernel 50). The home range of a male leopard cat that radio-tracked in winter was the largest ($5.19km^2$, MCP 100). Second, the Johnson's habitat selection model based on the Jacobs index showed that leopard cats preferred meadows and paddy fields avoiding forest covers at the second level, whereas they preferred meadows adjacent to streams and avoided paddy fields at the third level. Finally, roadkill could be prime threat factor for the cat population. Therefore, habitats dominated by paddy fields, stream corridors with paved roads, and human settlements with insufficient forest patches could threaten the long-term viability of leopard cat populations. Thus the habitat managements for the leopard cat conservation should focus on the prevention of road-kill and the installation of wildlife passages in rural highways adjacent to stream corridors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to classify two study sites into the biotope types and investigate the landscape ecological characteristics of them. This will be available for the rural planning in the aspect of environmental preservation. The summaries of the result are as follows. 1) In the result of the area assessment in biotope groups, a dry field (32%) and a paddy field (28%) are more than 50%, but settlement space and water space are less than 10%. The result shows the land use condition of rural areas. 2) In the investigation result of elongation, running water spaces are higher than other biotope groups relatively, it is because they long shaped and 1-3m narrow. 3) In case of Fractal index analysis, residential spaces and cultivated lands are investigated to be lower in numerical value, it is because they have the definite borders and get simple in the border of landscape by human intervention. 4) In case of dispersion degree, the dry field has the highest value because they are located close by forests spread widely around study sites. It means that the land which is used by artificial purpose get more value rather than natural lands 5) In the connectivity analysis, a paddy field and a residential space appear the highest. It is because residence spaces spread intensively through roads and a paddy field, through streams. 6) In rural landscape, the diversity of landscape is investigated to be simple. A paddy field and a dry field contain small sized patches that have been divided by human intervention. Besides, there appear much different vegetation around waterways and farm-roads.