• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how sixth grade elementary school students react to the types of letters use, what levels of understanding letters students are in and what difficulties are in understanding letters, and to raise issues about instructional methods of algebra. A descriptive study through pencil-and- paper tests was conducted. The test instruments consisted of 18 questions with 6 types of letters use. According to the results of testing, students' types of letter use and the levels of understanding letters were classified. The conclusions from the results of this study were as follows: First, the higher the types of letters use, the more sixth grade elementary school students had low scores on the types. Therefore, teaching methodologies of letters and expressions in the classroom need to encourage for students to improve their ability of using and understanding letter. Second, approximately 40% of students were categorized in level 3. Accordingly it is necessary to have a program of teaching and learning to improve their understanding levels of letters. Third, approximately 15% of students were categorized in level 0. In order to develop understanding of letters, it is important that students use letter evaluated and letter used as an object. Fourth, students had the difficulties in understanding letters. It is informative for teachers to understand these students' difficulties and thinking processes. Finally, we must treat the different uses of letters and introduce them successively according to the student's understanding levels of letters.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2023

Teacher interventions in science classrooms are important because they can have a major impact on students' practices. This study qualitatively analyzed what kinds of utterances teachers used to intervene in students' practices of constructing scientific explanations. Two elementary school teachers, L and K, participated in the study, and their lessons in the sixth-grade science unit, 'Structure and Function of Plants' were reorganized for students to engage in the scientific practice of constructing explanations. In each lesson, the two teachers were asked to support students' practices as part of responsive teaching. The results of the study showed that the two teachers mainly utilized empathetic and disciplinary utterances, respectively, which were used to support emotional, processual, and conceptual aspects of students' scientific practices. The empathetic utterances were employed to support students' practices in the order of noticing, actively accepting, and offering alternatives. By contrast, the disciplinary utterances were used in the order of finding deficiencies, evaluating, and urging to improve students' practices. The reasons the teachers made use of empathetic and disciplinary utterances, respectively, were discussed, and implications for science education were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-289
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• 2009

Students have difficulties in solving linear equation problems with a variable on the right side rather than linear equation problems a variable on the left side of the sign of equality. In order for students to overcome such difficulties, opportunities to experience many types of basic linear equation problems would have to be provided. Also, it is necessary to examine the process of students' problem solving process by constructing various types of evaluation item and test them in instruction and learning of linear equations, or grasp students' studying statues through individual interview and based on theses, error correction through feedbacks have to be achieved.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.17-32
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• 1999

본 논문의 목적은 Cabri II 를 이용하여 형식적이고 연역적인 증명수업 방법의 대안을 찾는 데 있다. 형식적인 증명을 하기 전에 탐구와 추측을 통한 발견과 그 결과에 대한 비형식적인 증명 활동을 강조한다. 역동적인 기하소프트웨어인 Cabri II 는 작도가 편리하고 다양한 예를 제공하여 추측과 탐구 그리고 그 결과의 확인을 위한 풍부한 환경을 제공할 수 있으며, 끌기 기능을 이용한 삼각형의 변화과정에서 관찰할 수 있는 불변의 성질이 형식적인 증명에 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 도형에 기호를 붙이는 활동은 형식적인 증명을 어렵게 만드는 요인 중의 하나인 명제나 정리의 기호적 표현을 보다 자연스럽게 할 수 있게 해 준다. 그러나, 학생들이 증명은 더 이상 필요 없으며, 실험을 통한 확인만으로도 추측의 정당성을 보장받을 수 있다는 그릇된 ·인식을 심어줄 수도 있다. 따라서 모든 경우에 성립하는 지를 실험과 실측으로 확인할 수는 없다는 점을 강조하여 학생들에게 형식적인 증명의 중요성과 필요성을 인식시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구에 대한 다음과 같은 후속연구가 필요하다. 첫째, Cabri II 를 이용한 증명 수업이 학생들의 증명 수행 능력 또는 증명에 대한 이해에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 특히, van Hiele의 기하학습 수준이론에 어떻게 작용하는 지를 연구할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 본 연구에서 제시한 Cabri II 를 이용한 증명 교수학습 방법에 대한 구체적인 사례연구가 요구되며, 특히 탐구, 추측을 통한 비형식적인 중명에서 형식적 증명으로의 전이 과정에서 나타날 수 있는 학생들의 반응에 대한 조사연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2002

This study was based on the analysis of earth and environmental science items in PISA 2000 data. The purpose of this study was to identify i) gender differences in scientific literacy, ii) item characteristics that favored either female or male, and iii) misconceptions that 15-years-old Korean students have in the field of earth and environmental science. The results revealed significant gender differences. Overall, male students demonstrated higher level of achievement than female students. On the other hand, amongst high ability students, female students outperformed male students in open-constructed items. Female students tended to score higher on items that required long answers or items related to scientific processes, whereas male students outperformed female students in science knowledge or items that required data interpretation. The study also revealed that a majority of Korean students had misconceptions in fundamental earth and environmental science knowledge, such as the direction of earth's axis and equator, and the causes of Greenhouse Effect.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems faced by students in sub-microscopic representation of acid-base reactions. Herein, we selected 30 students of 12^th grade science classes, who had studied various acid-base models. In order to investigate the sub-microscopic representation ability of the students, we developed nine items related to various contexts, such as one type of solute and solvent, two types of solutes and solvent, cases with water as solvent or with nonaqueous solvents. For all items, we consistently observed lack of concept of chemical change. In context of aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, the frequency of lack of concept of chemical bonding was high if ammonia was the solute or solvent. Moreover, the frequency of lack of concept related to the degree of electrolytic dissociation was high. Therefore, chemistry teachers should understand that students' ability to sub-microscopic representation of acid-base reactions can be enhanced by analyzing the difficulties faced by the students in solving diverse acid-base problems.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.803-822
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• 2009

Creativity is emerging as one of the key components in every areas. In mathematics education, creativity or mathematical creativity is emphasized even though the definition of the term is inconsistence among every research. The purpose of this research was to identify the nature of mathematical creativity and provide the ways of strengthening it in the mathematics classroom. For this, students' mathematical strategies and problems in the elementary mathematics textbook were analyzed. The results showed that mathematically gifted students used a limited strategies and the problems in the textbooks were too simple to stimulate students' mathematical creativity. For the enhancement of students' mathematical creativity, we need to develop mathematically rich tasks and refine teacher education programs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2015

Identifying students' achievement level and reflecting it on educational policy making or instructional improvement by analyzing the results of nationwide standardized assessment is an integral part of accountability in education. On the basis of this premise, we analyzed the characteristics of National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA) items for middle school science subject conducted from 2010 to 2013 by using the option response rate distribution curve, the fittest graph estimated from the response rate of correct/incorrect options by achievement score. Furthermore, we classified the type of option response rate curve in terms of correct and incorrect options. Results of the analysis of option response curve showed that five types of correct option response curve (S-shaped, J-shaped, straight-shaped, F-shaped, and step-shaped) and 4 types of incorrect option response curve (down-slope, flat, mound, and up-slope) were identified. The most common type of items was the combination of S-shaped correct option response curve and down-slope incorrect option response curve, which are considered as appropriate items to discriminate the students according to achievement level. Moreover, correct option response was found to be correlated with incorrect option response. Based on the results, we also discussed some implications on teaching-learning method and classroom assessment in science education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.652-662
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing students studying at six universities in four cities using self-administered questionnaires. About 91% of the students were subjected to violence. Verbal violence (85.2%) was the most frequently encountered type of violence, followed by physical threats (74.8%), sexual violence (41.0%), and physical violence (26.2%). Participants were abused by patients or patients' family members, as well as clinical staff, such as nurses and doctors. After the nursing students were exposed to violence, they responded more negatively to psychological aspects than to biophysical or social aspects. Most students did "not react to the person inflicting violence and continued clinical practice" (51.7%), and this response was cited by students as their most frequently used method of coping (79.5%) after violent confrontations. Strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and methods to cope with violence during their education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2006

Most student misconceptions about evolution are similar to misconceptions and disputes which early scientists had in science history. The aim of this study was to analyze student evolution conceptions based on science history, there by revealing for effectively teaching strategies on evolution. A test was developed according to Lee's three dimensional framework (2004) on evolution concept changes. Lee's framework had been constructed according to 4 stages of evolution concept changes in history in three-dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subject: before Lamarck (stage 1), Lamarck (stage 2), Darwin (stage 3), and after Darwin (stage 4). Major results were as follows. First, the evolution conceptions of students appeared fixed to stage 2 regardless of grade. Moreover, students usually possessed Lamarckian thought and did not show consistency in evolution concepts among the three dimensional aspects of mechanism, time, and subject. Therefore, students were found to apply different conceptions of evolution to each different situation.