• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.739-744
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• 2012

Cirsium japonicum (Gyonggido (GG), Gangwondo (GW), Jeollanamdo (JN) and Jejudo (JJ)) were investigated for their antioxidative components (total polyphenol and flavonoid contents) and their antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power). Analysis of antioxidative components and activities showed significant (p<0.05) differences across samples from various regions (GG, GW, JN, JJ). Amounts of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were in the order of GG${\geq}$GW>JJ>JN (p<0.05). The results of the antioxidative activity test of Cirsium japonicum showed that GG and GW had higher activities compared to others (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of the antioxidative activity test (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and reducing power) were correlated with total polyphenol and flavonoid contents values.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.272-278
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• 2020

This study was conducted to confirm the component and efficacy evaluation of Buxus Koreana by different part. Leaf, stem, root, and fruit were extracted with 70% ethanol, and the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were analyzed, and the efficacy against anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and wrinkles were confirmed. The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids of B. Koreana were the highest in fruit extracts at 77.32 and 51.91 mg/g, respectively. As a result of confirming the NO production inhibitory effect, the root extracts showed an inhibitory effect of 29.6%, and iNOS significantly decreased as the concentration of the extracts increased compared to the LPS treatment group. As a result of checking the mRNA expression level of MMP1, it was found to be effective in the root and stem extracts. Through the efficacy evaluation of B. Koreana the possibility of use as a cosmetic material was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2021

This study was intended to investigate the potential of Astragalus membranaceus ethanol extract(AM) and Astragalus membranaceus bioconversion extract(AMB) as functional cosmetic materials. To confirm the antioxidant effect, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and a study was conducted on skin cell toxicity and skin cell aging through cell experiments. As a result of the antioxidant experiment, the content of polyphenols and flavonoids increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the effects of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it was confirmed that the ethanol extracts were higher than the bioconversion extracts. It was confirmed that the AM and AMB increased the MMP1 expression inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner in HDF cells. Therefore, this study is considered to be very useful as a functional cosmetic material in terms of antioxidant and skin aging prevention when using AM and AMB as functional cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2013

The study was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity for the extract from 7 days old sprouts of cowpea (cv. "Seowon"), mungbean (cv. "Owool") and soybean (cv. "Pungsannamulkong"). Sprout length and weight of soybean sprouts were higher than those of cowpea and mungbean sprouts. Total phenolics content [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was highest in soybean sprout extracts (82.2 mg $kg^{-1}$), followed by cowpea (32.2 mg $kg^{-1}$) and mungbean (24.5 mg $kg^{-1}$) sprout extracts (p < 0.05). The result of total flavonoid level [mg rutin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] had same tendency to the total phenolics, showing lower amounts. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the plant dose-dependently increased. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was higher in cowpea (44%) and mungbean (42%) sprouts than in soybean sprouts (25%). Among antioxidant enzymes, APX and POX activities were highest in cowpea sprouts and CAT and SOD activities in soybean sprouts. The results showed that total phenolics content ($r^2$ = 0.5320 ~ 0.9032) and total flavonoids level ($r^2$ = 0.4672 ~ 0.9380) were highly correlated with antioxidant or with antioxidant enzyme activity, and that the level and activity of biologically active substances were different depending on plant species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2013

Nine kinds of flowers were selected by its antioxidative activities evaluated. DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil), reducing power, total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, and antimicrobial activity inhibitory effects of nine natural flower varieties were examined using ethanol extract (80%, v/v). DPPH radical scavenging of Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze ($IC_{50}=74.6{\mu}g/mL$) and solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica ($IC_{50}=99.6{\mu}g/mL$) showed higher antioxidant activity compared with those of the other varieties. Reducing power of Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze ($OD_{700}=1.0$) had higher antioxidant activity. Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze showed the highest content of total phenol (134.6 mg GAE/g). However, total flavonoid (554.6 mg QE/g) exhibited the lowest. These results suggest that nine kinds of flower with 80% ethanol extracts have significant antioxidant activity.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.392-393
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• 2008

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2008

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme status for the extracts from 5 and 7-day old sprouts (DOS) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Total phenolics [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] content was highest in cotyledon extracts (48.8 mg $kg^{-1}$), followed by roots (30.8 mg $kg^{-1}$) and hypocotyl (22.2 mg $kg^{-1}$) extracts (p < 0.05) from 5 DOS. The result of total flavonoid level [mg rutin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] had same tendency to the results of total phenolics, showing lower amount ranges. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the plant dose-dependently increased. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was higher in cotyledon extracts (82.5%) than in root (52.6%) or hypocotyl parts (35.0%) from 5 DOS. Among antioxidant enzymes, APX and CAT activities were highest in cotyledon part and POX and SOD activities in root part of 5 and 7 DOS. The results showed that total phenolics content ($r^2$ = 0.1516~0.9911) were more highly correlated with antioxidant activity than total flavonoids level ($r^2$ = 0.0113~0.9442), and that the level and activity of physiological-active substances were different depending on plant part of the sprout.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to determine optimal hot-air drying time for producing antioxidative calendula tea. The edible calendula was dried in hot air at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15 hours and Hunter's color value was measured and extracted with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total carotenoid and DPPH (2,2 Dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity were investigated. The correlation between the amount of antioxidant and antioxidant activity was analyzed. As the treatment time increased, the Hunter values of L, a, and b tended to decrease, and the L value and b value decreased significantly at 15 hours. The color change was occurred in all treatments compared with the control, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was the largest at 15 hours treatment. The contents of total flavonoids, total carotenoids and DPPH scavenging activity increased in the 5 hours, but decreased in the 15 hours compared to the 10 hours. The content of total polyphenol was not changed with different treatment time. A positive correlation ($p{\leq}0.01$, r = 0.610) between carotenoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased at 5 and 10 hours compared to the control and decreased at 15 hours. Therefore, 5 hours or 10 hours of treatment is appropriate and further studies are needed to determine the specific treatment time.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

We analyzed the effects of various LED light treatments (red 655 nm, blue 456 nm, white and mixed light) on growth pattern, gene expression and flavonoid contents in lettuce leaf. Plants treated with mixed light (red+blue+white) showed better growth performance than those treated with single LED and fluorescent lamp (FL). Expression analysis of the eight genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants treated with LED light was examined. Results showed that red lettuce grown under mixed light showed high expression levels of LsC4H, LsF3H and LsDRF genes. Morever, the same treatment plants possessed higher content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin contents than those in plants exposed to single light. However, the highest total anthocyanin content was identified in plants treated with red+blue light and the lowest content was identified in plants exposed to white fluorescent lamp and single LED light condition. Thus, this study indicates that the ratio of blue to red LEDs is important for the morphology, growth, and phenolic compounds with anthocyanin properties in the two lettuce cultivars tested.