Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2015.42.2.104

Analysis of growth pattern, gene expression and flavonoid contents under LED light wavelength in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)  

Jung, Yu Jin (Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University)
Kang, Dae Hyun (Department of Plant Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University)
Tsevelkhoroloo, Maral (Department of Plant Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University)
Moon, Jun Kwan (Department of Plant Life & Environmental Science, Hankyong National University)
Kang, Kwon Kyoo (Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Plant Biotechnology / v.42, no.2, 2015 , pp. 104-110 More about this Journal
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of various LED light treatments (red 655 nm, blue 456 nm, white and mixed light) on growth pattern, gene expression and flavonoid contents in lettuce leaf. Plants treated with mixed light (red+blue+white) showed better growth performance than those treated with single LED and fluorescent lamp (FL). Expression analysis of the eight genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants treated with LED light was examined. Results showed that red lettuce grown under mixed light showed high expression levels of LsC4H, LsF3H and LsDRF genes. Morever, the same treatment plants possessed higher content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin contents than those in plants exposed to single light. However, the highest total anthocyanin content was identified in plants treated with red+blue light and the lowest content was identified in plants exposed to white fluorescent lamp and single LED light condition. Thus, this study indicates that the ratio of blue to red LEDs is important for the morphology, growth, and phenolic compounds with anthocyanin properties in the two lettuce cultivars tested.
Keywords
Anthocyanin; Flavonoids; LED; Lettuce; Plant factory;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Almeida, JR., D'Amico E, Preuss A, Carbone F, de Vos CH, Deiml B, Mourgues F, Perrotta G, Fischer TC, Bovy AG, Martens S, Rosati C (2007) Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 465:61-71   DOI
2 Bae KS, Kihl JY, Pyee J (2008) A set of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes are differentially expressed in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv Maehyang) during the fruit development process. J Life Science 18:234-240   DOI
3 Bogs J, Ebadi A, McDavid D, Robinson SP (2006) Identification of the flavonoid hydroxylases from grapevine and their regulation during fruit development. Plant Physiol 140:279-291
4 Boss PK, Davies C, Robinson SP (1996) Analysis of the expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in developing Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz grape berries and the implications for pathway regulation. Plant Physiol 111:1059-1066   DOI
5 Carvalho RF, Takaki M, Azevedo RA (2011) Plant pigments: The many face of light perception. Acta Physiol Plant 33:241-248   DOI
6 Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1-42   DOI
7 Ford CM, Boss PK, Hoj PB (1998) Cloning and characterization of Vitis vinifera UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, a homologue of the enzyme encoded by the maize Bronze-1 locus that may primarily serve to glucosylate anthocyanidins in vivo. J Biol Chem 273:9224-9233   DOI
8 Francis F (1989) Food colourants : Anthocyanins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 28:273-314   DOI
9 Giliberto L, Perrotta G, Pallara P, Weller JL, Fraser PD, Bramley PM, Fiore A, Tavazza M, Giuliano G (2005) Manipulation of the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 in tomato affects vegetative development, flowering time, and fruit antioxidant content. Plant Physiol 137:199-208   DOI
10 Gollop R, Even S, Colova-Tsolova V, Peri A (2002) Expression of the grape dihydroflavonol reductase gene and analysis of its promoter region. J Exp Bot 53:1397-1409   DOI
11 Grotewold E (2006) The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:761-780   DOI
12 Halbwirth H, Puhl I, Haas U, Jezik K, Treutter D, Stich K (2006) Two-phase flavonoid formation in developing strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit. J Agric Food Chem 54:1479-1485   DOI
13 Han IS, Tseng TS, Eisinger W, Briggs WR (2008) Phytochrome A regulates the intracellular distribution of phototropin 1-green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 20:2835-2847   DOI
14 Hoenecke ME, Bula RJ, Tibbitts TW (1992) Importance of blue photon levels for lettuce seedings grown under red-lightemitting diodes. Hort Science 27:427-430
15 Koukol J, Conn EE (1961) The metabolism of aromatic compounds in higher plants. IV. Purification and properties of the phenylalanine deaminase of Hordeum vulgare. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 236: 2692-8
16 Keller M, Hrazdina G (1998) Interaction of nitrogen availability during bloom and light intensity during veraison. II. Effects on anthocyanin and phenolic development during grape ripening. Am J Enol Vitic 49:341-349
17 Koes R, Verweij W, Quattrocchio F (2005) Flavonoids: A colorful model for the regulation and evolution of biochemical pathways. Trends Plant Sci 10:236-242   DOI
18 Kopsell DA, Kopell DE (2008) Genetic and environmental factors affecting plant lutein/zeaxanthin. Agro Food Ind Hi-Tech 19:44-46
19 Lee JG, Oh SS, Cha SH, Jang YA, Kim SY, Um TC, Cheong SR (2010) Effects of red/blue light ratio and short-term light quality conversion on growth and anthocyanin contents of baby leaf lettuce. J Bio-Environ Control 19:351-359
20 Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-${\Delta}$${\Delta}$Ct method. Methods 25:402-408   DOI
21 Meng XC, Xing T, Wang XJ (2004) The role of light in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in Gerbera hybrida. J Plant Growth Regul 44:243-250   DOI
22 Moyano E, Portero-Robles I, Medina-Escobar N, Valpuesta V, Munoz-Blanco J, Caballero JL (1998) A fruit-specific putative dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene is differentially expressed in strawberry during the ripening process. Plant Physiol 117:711-716   DOI
23 Ninu L, Ahmad M, Miarelli C, Cashmore AR, Giuliano G (1999) Cryptochrome 1 controls tomato development in response to blue light. Plant J 18:551-556   DOI
24 Park JH, Park SC, Pyee JH (2010) Functional analysis of a grapevine UDP-Glucose flavonoid glucosyl transferase (UFGT) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. Journal of Life Science 20(2):292-297   DOI
25 Nishimura T, Ohyama K, Goto E, Inagaki N (2009) Concentration of perillaldehyde, limonene, and anthocyanin of Perilla plants as affected by light quality under controlled environments. Scientia Hort 122:134-137   DOI
26 Nishioka N, Nishimura T, Ohyama K, Sumino M, Malayeri SH, Goto E, Inagaki N, Morota T (2008) Light quality affected growth and contents of essential oil components of Japanese mint plants Acta Hort 797:431-436
27 Ordidge M, Garcia-Macias P, Battey NH, Gordon MH, Hadley P, John P, Lovegrove JA, Vysini E, Wagstaffe A (2010) Phenolic contents of lettuce, strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry crops cultivated under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency. Food Chemistry 119:1224-1227   DOI
28 Park NI, Li X, Suzuki T, Kim SJ, Woo SH, Park CH, Park SU (2011) Differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin accumulation in tartary buckwheat cultivars 'Hokkai T8' and 'Hokkai T10'. J Agric Food Chem 59:2356-2361   DOI
29 Park SJ, Kim JB, Cho KJ, Cheon CI, Sung MK, Choung MG, Roh KH (2008) Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor AtMYB60 functions as a transcriptional repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Plant Cell Rep 27:985-994   DOI
30 Plochmann K, Korte G, Koutsilieri E, Richling E, Riederer P, Rethwilm A, Schreier P, Scheller C (2007) Structureactivity relationships of flavonoid-induced cytotoxicity on human leukemia cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 460(1):1-9   DOI
31 Rajapakse NC, Kelly JW (1992) Regulation of chrysanthemum growth by spectral filters. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 117(3):481-485
32 Vergeer LHT, Aarts TL, Degroot JD (1995) The wasting disease and the effect of abiotic factors (light-intensity, temperature, salinity) and infection with labyrinthula-zosterae on th phenolics contents of zostera-marina shoots. Aquat Bot 52:35-44   DOI
33 Son KH, Park JH, Kim DE, Oh MM (2012) Leafshapeindex, growth,and phytochemicals I two leaf lettuce cultivars grown under monochromatic light-emitting diode. Kor J Hort Sci Technol 30(6):664-672
34 Sonneveld C, Straver N (1994) Nutrient solutions for vegetables and flower grow in water on substrates. 10th ed. Proefstation voor tuinbouw onder glas te Naaldiwjk, no. 8, Holland, 45p
35 Um YC, Jang YA, Lee JG, Kim SY, Cheong SR, Oh SS, Cha SW, Hong SC (2009) Effect of selective light sources on seeding quality of tomato and cucumber in closed nursery system. J Bio-Env Con 18(4):370-376
36 Wang H, Gu M, Cui J, Shi K, Zhou T, Yu J (2009) Effects of light quality on $CO_2$ assimilation, chlorophyll-fluorescence quenching, expression of Calvin cycle genes and carbohydrate accumulation in Cucumis sativus. J Photochem Photobiol B 96:30-37   DOI   ScienceOn