• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive or active application of primer and coat times of bond on the shear bond strength when a self-etching primer adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to enamel surface. Crowns of sixteen human molars were selected. Buccal and lingual enamels of crowns were partially exposed and slabs of 1.2 mm thick were made. They were divided into one of four equal groups (n = 8). Group 1: passive application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 2: active application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 3: passive application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond, Group 4: active application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond. Clearfil AP-X was bonded to enamel suface of each group using Tygon tubes. The bonded specimens were subjected to microshear bond strength (uSBS) testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The uSBS of Group 1 was the lowest among groups and the uSBS of Group 4 was the highest. 2. There was not statistically significant interaction between enamel uSBS by application method of Primer and coat time of Bond (p > 0.05). 3. There was not statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by passive and active application of Primer (p > 0.05). 4. There was statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by one- and two-coat of Bond (p < 0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2008

This study analyzed the influence of dental adhesive/primer on the bond strength between indirect resin composite and the resin cement. Seventy disc specimens of indirect resin composite (Tescera Dentin, Bisco) were fabricated. And bonding area of all specimens were sandblasted and silane treated for one minute. The resin cements were used with or without application of adhesive/primer to bonding area of indirect resin restoration, Variolink-II (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Exite DSC, Panavia-F (Kuraray) : ED-Primer, RelyX Unicorn (3M ESPE) Single- Bond, Duolink (Risco) : One-step, Mulitlink (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Multilinh Primer. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine. Adhesive application improved shear bond strength (p<0.05) But Variolink II and Panavia-F showed no statistically significant difference according to the adhesive application. With the above results, when resin inlay is luted by resin cement it seems that application of dental adhesive/primer is necessary in order to improve the bond strength.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

The experimental research was conducted to evaluate the adhesive performance of surface finishing material with primer based on silane(primer). For this purpose, concrete specimens with compressive strength of 18, 30, 50 MPa were made and cured in water condition ($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) for 28 days. A primer was applied on the age of 28 days and evaluated according to based on the curing age of the surface finishing material. Moreover, the mortar specimen also made and tested as per KS F 4937 for compared with concrete-based test results. Test results indicated that the adhesive strength of specimens with primer exhibit similar than that of specimens without primer. Also, the adhesive performance improved with increasing in curing age and compressive strength. The correlation between compressive and adhesive strength of mortar and concrete specimens showed similar trend. It was noted that there is no significant effects of primer on adhesive performance of surface finishing material, thus use of primer has superior potential for solving durability problem of concrete slab surface.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in shear bonding strength between resin cements to dental materials when a universal primer (Monobond plus) was applied in place of a conventional primer. Materials and methods: Four groups of testing materials: gold alloy (Argedent Euro, n = 16), non precious metal (T-4, n = 20), zirconia (Cercon, n = 20) and glass ceramic (IPS e.max press, n = 20), were fabricated into discs, which were embedded in an acrylic resin matrix. The gold alloy specimens were airborne-particle abraded, 8 of the specimens were coated with Metal primer II, while the remaining 8 specimens were coated with Monobond plus. The non precious and zirconia specimen were airborne-particle abraded then, the control group received Alloy primer coating, while the other was coated with Monobond plus. Glass ceramic specimens were etched. 10 specimens were coated with Monobond-S and the remaining specimens were coated using Monobond plus. On top of the surface, Multilink N was polymerized in a disc shape. All of the specimens were thermal cycled before the shear bonding strength was measured. Statistical analysis was done with Two sample $t$-test or Mann-Whitney U test (${\alpha}$=.05). Results: There were no significant differences in bonding strength depending on the type of primer used in the gold alloy and glass ceramic groups ($P$>.05), however, the bonding strengths of resin cements to non precious metal and zirconia groups, were significantly higher when the alloy primer was used ($P$<.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, improvement of universal primers which can be applied to all types of restorations is recommended to precious metals and zirconia ceramics. But, the bond strengths of non precious metals and zirconia ceramics were significantly lower when compared to a 10-MDP primer. More research is needed to apply universal primers to all types of restorations.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.377-387
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of multiple adhesive coatings on the thickness of hybrid and adhesive layer and shear bond strength(SBS) of self-etch adhesives and self-etch primer adhesives. The buccal or lingual crown dentin of extracted human molars was used. Self-etch adhesives or self-etch primer adhesives were applied 1, 2 and 3 times on the dentin before light curing. In another group adhesives were reapplied after light curing first layer. Treated surfaces were prepared to measure the thickness of hybrid and adhesive layer with SEM, and shear bond strength to dentin using an Instron machine. The following results were obtained : 1. The adhesive layers increased with the number of coatings(p<0.05) with all adhesives. Adpor Prompt L-Pop and Xeno III were significantly thinner than self-etch primer adhesives (p<0.05). 2. The thickness of hybrid layers increased with the number of coatings (p<0.05). 3. The shear bonding strength of Unifil Bond and Clearfill SE Bond were higher than Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus and Adpor Prompt L-Pop (p<0.05), and similar with Xeno III. 4. The shear bond strength increased significantly with the number of coatings in Adpor Prompt L-Pop(p<0.05), but decreased at 3 times in AdheSE Bond(p>0.05). 5. In Adpor Prompt L-Pop and Xeno III, the shear bond strength decreased when adhesives were reapplied after curing the first adhesive layer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of orthodontic bracket with Conventional primer (CP), Moisture insensitive primer (MIP), and Self-etching primer (SEP). In addition, the effect and the timing of saliva contamination on shear bond strength was evaluated. A total of 135 bovine mandibular incisors were used in the study and divided into 3 groups. Group I, II and III were used CP, MIP, SEP, respectively. Each group was then divided into three subgroups: the group without saliva contamination, the group with primer application after saliva contamination, and the group with saliva contamination after primer application. After the primer application, the metal bracket for the lower incisor was attached and the shear bond strength was measured. The mean shear bond strengths was highest with CP and lowest with SEP in dry condition. However, CP showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength in the presence of saliva contamination. MIP and SEP showed no significant decrease in shear bond strength with saliva contamination.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.342-348
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with a self-etching primer after bleaching, desensitizer application and combined treatment. Methods: Forty-eight premolars were randomly divided into four groups, each with n = 12 premolar samples. The four groups were; Group1: 15% hydrogen-peroxide office bleaching agent (Illumin$\acute{e}$ Office-IO), Group 2: IO + BisBlock Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 3: Bis Block Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 4: No treatment (control). Twenty-four hours after bonding, the specimens were tested in SBS at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until the brackets debonded. The failure mode of the brackets was determined by a modified adhesive remnant index. Results: Bleaching, bleaching and desensitizer treatment, and desensitizer treatment alone all significantly reduced SBS of the orthodontic brackets ($p$ = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 (Group 1-Group 2, $p$ = 0.564; Group 1-Group 3, $p$ = 0.371; Group 2-Group 3, $p$ = 0.133). The predominant mode of failure for the treatment groups (Group1, Group 2 and Group 3) was at the enamel-adhesive interface leaving 100% of the adhesive on the bracket base. Conclusions: Bleaching and desensitizer treatment should be delayed until the completion of orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

This study is on the evaluation of double surface protection method using water repellent primer and final top coat to protect concrete. Water repellent agent has been applied on the final top coat to protect concrete. However, to make up for the weakness to the ultraviolet of the water repellent, the work procedure of these protectors is done vice versa. This combination of protectors was compared with existing ones in this study. Even though the final top coat was applied on the water repellent primer, its adhesive strength met to KS F 4936-' 03 with other protectors used in this study. All surface protectors used in this study were excellent in protecting concrete. Especially, in case of applying with final top coat in conjunction with water repellent primer, the resistance against chloride ion penetration and neutralization by $CO_2$ was more efficient than other surface protectors used in this study under this given condition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2023

This research investigates the deployment of waterproofing technologies in construction, with a specific focus on augmenting worker safety, work environment, and solve the difficulty of securing skilled workers. Implementing liquid waterproofing cement equipment resulted in a remarkable increase in adhesion performance by around 20%, coupled with a twofold acceleration in operational speed. The application of primer spraying apparatus led to a two-fold improvement in both penetration and adhesion performance, concurrently boosting the work speed by approximately the same factor. With urethane spraying equipment, the workload could be reduced to a third for the same layer thickness, adhesion performance enhanced by approximately 1.4 times, and workability improved by about 1.4 to 1.5 times. These findings suggest that such technological interventions can potentially enhance work efficiency, improve the quality of output, and mitigate safety accidents that are commonplace in manual operations. Furthermore, these advancements present promising solutions to the ongoing challenges of sourcing highly-competent workers in the industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2024

In this study, an evaluation was conducted for a total of 16 conditions to suggest an appropriate construction method for the construction joint of polyurea waterproofing membrane coating. It was analyzed that the longer the construction time difference, the higher the rate of water leaks through joints, and it was confirmed that water leaks could be prevented through primer construction. In addition, since the surface of polyurea exposed outdoors for a long period of time is deteriorated and weakened, it was analyzed that polishing the area increases surface damage and affects the formation of the interface. During maintenance construction, it would be desirable to apply a primer before construction, and it is believed that using the same urea-based material will ensure waterproofing stability.