• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.459-481
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate students' statistical thinking through statistical processes in different instructional settings: Teacher-centered instruction vs. student-centered learning. We first developed instructional materials that allowed students to experience all the processes of statistics, including data collection, data analysis, data representation, and interpretation of the results. Using the instructional materials for four classes, we collected and analyzed the data from 57 seventh graders' discourse and artifacts from two different instructional settings using the analytic framework generated on the basis of literature review. The results showed that students felt difficulty particularly in the process of data collection and graph representations. In addition, even though data description has been heavily emphasized for data analysis in statistics education, it is surprisingly discovered that students had a hard time to understand the relationship between data and representations. Also, there were relationships between students' statistical thinking and instructional settings. Even though both groups of students showed difficulty in data collection and graph representations of the data, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of their performance. Whereas students from student-centered learning class outperformed in making decisions considering verification and justification, students from teacher-centered lecture class did better in problems requiring accuracy than the counterpart. The results from the study provide meaningful implications on developing curriculum and instructional methods for statistics education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

이 글은 체육 및 운동과학 연구에서 각종 통계적 방법의 출현을 역사적으로 개관하고 이들 통계적 방법의 출현시기를 미국의 경우와 비교함으로써 한국 체육학연구의 학문적 성장을 확인하고 이들 방법 적용과정에서 나타난 문제점을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 통계적 방법 관련논문을 분석하고 통계적 방법이 체육 현장에서 어느 정도 중요하게 다루어 질 수 있는지를 확인하기 위해 측정,평가 담당교수의 학문적 배경과 교육적 경력을 조사하였다. 전공자의에 대한 의 체육학이 아직 학문적으로 자리를 잡기 전인 최초 태동 시기에 적용된 통계적 방법을 미국의체육학회지(RQES)와 비교해 볼 때 동일한 통계적 방법의 적용시기는 약 30년 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이는 미국에서 1980년도에 나타나기 시작한 진보된 다변량 통계기법을 1990년대에 적용하기 시작하면서 급속도로 좁혀졌으며 현재는 동일한 시기에 나타나고 있다. 그러나 진보된 통계적 기법의 출현에도 불구하고 이들 기법을 적용하는데 필요한 기본가정이 충족되었는지에 대한 검토 없이 적지않은 논문이 보고되고 있다. 담당교수의 학문적, 교육적 배경이 통계학과 거리가 있는 교수가 47%로 나타남으로써 가르치는 내용과 범위에서 적지않은 제약이 따르고 있다. 또한 전문가에 의한 평가체제가 확립되지 못함으로써 적용된 통계적 기법의 적절성을 평가하는데 장애가 되고 있다.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-166
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical literacy in elementary school students when they beginning inference. Picto-graphs provide statistical information and often data-related arguments they certainly qualify as objects for interpretation, for critical evaluation, and for discussion or communication of the conclusions presented. For research, the inference from pictograph task was designed and statistical literacy standards for evaluating the student's level was presented based on prior studies. Evaluating student's statistical literacy is meaningful in that it can check their current level. To know the student's current level can help them achieve a higher level of performance. The outcomes of this research indicate that pictograph can provide a basis for rich tasks displaying not only student's counting skills but also their appreciation of variation and uncertainty in prediction. Raising statistical thinking by students is an important goal in statistical education, and the experience of informal statistical reasoning can help with formal statistical reasoning that will be learned later. Therefore, the task about the inference from a pictograph, discussions on statistical learning of elementary school children are expected to present meaningful implications for statistical education.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate statistical units of elementary school mathematics textbooks upon on the statistical problem solving process to provide useful information for qualitative improvement of developing curriculum and teaching materials. This study analyzed the statistical units from the textbooks of 1st to 6th year along the 2009 revised national curriculum. The analysis frame is based on the 4 phases of the statistical problem solving process: formulate questions, plan and collect data, present and analyze data and interpret data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 1984

통행시간가치에 대한 연구는 독립변수를 이용한 통행시간과 비용에 의한 선택모형 을 대개 사용하여 왔다. 통행시간과 비용에 대한 매개함수를 추정한 후에 통행시간가치를 교통시간과 비용의 $\ulcorner$파라메타$\lrcorner$비로써 얻고 있다. 그러나 통행시간가치에 관한 신뢰구간과 통계적 유의성을 설정하기 위한 적절한 과정은 아직 연구되지 않고 있으나 $\ulcorner$로-짓$\lrcorner$ 모형 자체에 대하여는 되어있다. 본 논문은 통행시간가치를 측정하기 위한 기존의 방향을 비평적 으로 검토하여 본 것으로 통행시간가치를 통계적 유의성 검증을 위한 표준화 과정은 아직 이론적으로 정립 가능하다고 생각되지 않지만 통행시간가치평가의 간편식을 제시하여 보았 다. 간편식에 의하여 제시된 결과에 의하면 선택모형에 입각한 통행시간가치의 통계적신뢰 구간이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났는바 이에 대한 선택모형에 입각한 통행시간가치 측정을 위한 과정의 타당성에 대한 많은 의문이 아직도 남는다 하겠다.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.391-414
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find the correlation between the level of 6th graders' achievement level in Probability and Statistics education, which were proposed in the curriculum, which targeted the 6th graders in the elementary school, and statistical literacy. For this, first, questions asking the achievement level in the probability and statistics(Part A), and questions asking the statistical literacy(Part B), were used to study the achievement level of the students. Second, the achievement level in the probability and statistics, and the statistical literacy were measured. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, questionnaire that consists of 10 questions was invented. The questionnaire was divided into Part 1 and Part 2 under the consideration upon the characteristics of the questions. The results of the questionnaires given to the students were classified into "high, medium, and low" and were separated into 7 categories. Results of comparing category 3 and category 6, which have shown opposing tendencies, we could find that students who are good at school mathematics and students with high statistical literacy have respective and different characteristics. For actually effective statistical education, consideration upon and reflection of core aspects such as intuition and critical thinking in the curriculum are needed.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2012

Recently Statistical literacy, reasoning, and thinking become a educational issue. Especially the important of Statistical literacy in purpose of statistics education has be discussed and come to the fore. So we research about Statistical literacy mainly with advanced researches. We consider about the definition and components of Statistical literacy which is discussed in the meantime. And we look into the purpose of statistics education in the school mathematics curriculum and discuss about the implications for the statistics education from the Statistical literacy.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.621-631
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• 1999

재료의 피로 파괴과정은 균열의 발생과 전파 및 성장의 과정을 거쳐 마침내 결정적 균열의 크기가 일정한도를 넘어서면 재료의 파괴가 일어난다. 이 때까지의 시간, 즉 피로 수명이 역정규분포를 따를 때 재료의 수명과 스트레스 수준과 관계를 나타 내는 S-N곡선에 대한 대수선형모형(log-linear model)을 제시하고, 이 모형하에서 피로수명시험에 대한 통계적 최적시험설계방법을 찾는다. 통계적 최적여부에 대한 판단기준으로 설계 스트레스 수준하의 특정 시점에서의 신뢰도에 대한 최우추정량의 점근분산을 최소화하는 방법을 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1760-1761
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• 2007

액정 디스플레이(LCD)의 핵심 재료인 편광필름은 제조 과정이나 운반 과정에서 실오라기 같은 이물 및 찍힘 등의 결함이 발생하며 이를 사람이 육안으로 검사하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 편광필름의 결함을 자동으로 검출하기위한 방법으로 히스토그램의 통계적 모멘트를 사용하여 주변 밝기에 따라 검사 영역의 밝기의 기울기를 구하고, 이를 통해 결함의 유무를 판단하는 편광필름 검사 방법을 제안한다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.535-558
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• 2022

In the current society, where statistical literacy is recognized as an important ability, statistical education utilizing the statistical problem solving, a series of processes for performing statistics, is required. The result interpretation stage is especially important because many forms of statistics we encounter in our daily lives are the information from the analysis results. In this study, data on private education were provided to pre-service mathematics teachers, and a project was carried out in which they could experience a statistical problem solving process using the population mean estimation. Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics shown by pre-service mathematics teachers during the result interpretation stage. First, many pre-service mathematics teachers interpreted results based on the data, but the inference was found to be a level of 2 which is not reasonable. Second, pre-service mathematics teachers in this study made various kinds of decisions related to public education, such as improving classes and after-school classes. In addition, the pre-service mathematics teachers in this study seem to have made decisions based on statistical analysis results, but they made general decisions that teachers could make, rather than specifically. Third, the pre-service mathematics teachers of this study were reflective about the question formulation stage, organizing & reducing data stage, and the result interpretation stage, but no one was reflective about the result interpretation stage.