• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.354-362
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• 2015

In this study, for integrated management and inter-exchange of operational data generated by ships and land-side information on safe and business, a vessel communication system with modular functions was designed that applied high efficiency compression, least-cost algorithms and Inmarsat FBB connection automation system. Performance test at the KTsat Kumsan satellite earth station; system was found to delivered an average transfer speed of 7 kB/S, which was significant improvement from the existing commercial product's average speed of 5 kB/S. It also delivered twice the efficiency of the existing product in terms of compression rate and transfer of the most widely used office files in maritime businesses.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.171-183
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the direction of improving kiosk design for convenient use by all users by increasing the usability of kiosks based on universal design principles. The direction of design improvement was studied by deriving essential improvements through additional surveys verifying the results of age-specific surveys and analysis related to the use of kiosks. The results of the study are as follows. High contrast between kiosk screen background and design elements, yellow color, and outline design elements increase readability. Then, reduce and enlarge the font based on 10pt. In addition, in consideration of wheelchair passengers, the area where the lower part cannot be designed and the minimum height of adjusting the height of the kiosk were derived. In the future, kiosk design requires a design and system that can diversify the functions of kiosks according to individual characteristics, and design should be focused on the application of universal design. Since this study has limited research subjects, further studies on various samples are required, and verification studies related to color and readability will also be conducted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1235-1241
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• 2003

Purpose : We assessed the dynamic characteristics of 16 nebulizer/compressor combinations currently available in Korea. Methods : The 16 nebulizer/compressor combinations(Pariboy Type 38/Long life, Pariboy Type N/Long life, Pariboy Type N/Salter 8900, Pariboy Type N/LC, Devilbiss pulmoaid-LT/Hudson, Devilbiss pulmoaid/Hudson, Mesmed neb-300/Own, San-up 3040/Hudson, Midas(Basic)/Own, AirJolie 2/Hudson, Thomas 1127/Salter 8900, Noel NE-2000/Salter 8900, Omron CX3/Hudson, Chang Woo CWN-100/Salter 8900, Voyage/Mefar, Chang Woo ASI-Pro/Medel jet pulse) were evaluated in terms of particle size and mass output. In addition, we determined the effects of nebulizer fill volume on mass output. Results : Pariboy Type N/Long life has the highest respirable mass of 0.184 mg/min and Mesmed Neb-300/Own has the lowest 0.019 mg/min. Pariboy Type N/Long life has the highest mass output of 0.68 mg/min and the shortest mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) of $3.76{\mu}m$. All combinations other than Pariboy Type N/Long life produced a MMAD of over $5{\mu}m$. MMAD over a 5 min nebulization ranged 3.76 to $9.83{\mu}m$. There were no significant effects of fill volume on mass output. Conclusion : We concluded that there is a wide variation in performance of nebulizer/compressor combinations. The characteristics of nebulizer/compressor combinations should be considered in selecting products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1676-1684
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• 2004

Gel properties of recovered protein from mackerel, frozen blackspotted croaker, chicken breast and pork leg using acidic and alkaline processing were evaluated. Myofibrillar protein from mackerel by acidic processing did not form a heat-induced gel. However, the recovered protein including sarcoplasmic protein formed heatinduced gel. Breaking force of gel from mackerel processed at pH 10.5 was the lowest. A deformation value of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest, followed by chicken breast, pork leg and mackerel. Whiteness of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest among heat-induced gel. Breaking force, deformation and whiteness were decreased by addition of recovered protein from mackerel, but price was increased. A breaking force and whiteness of heat-induced gel added recovered protein from chicken breast were increased, and the price was greatly decreased. When the constraint of breaking force, deformation and price of raw material were set up above 110 g, 4.5 mm and below 2,000 won/kg. A optimum formulation for blending protein was 36∼50% for frozen blackspotted croaker, 34∼40% for chicken breast, 14∼25% for pork leg. The heat-induced gel of recovered protein from frozen blackspotted croaker showed compact structure compared to that of recovered protein from mackerel. A formulation of chicken breast and pork leg based on blackspotted croaker can be used in surimi based seafood products having various texture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2023

An INS is a composite navigation system providing "added value" so defined if work stations provide Multi-Function Displays(MFDs) integrating information and functions for navigational tasks. Even though the minimum requirements for an INS are defined by IMO performance standards, a generic list of the devices and functions that constitute an INS does not exist, so the configuration of the INS is different for each manufacturer, and guidelines based on users' perspectives are also insufficient. This study was conducted to enhance the usability of the INS by analyzing the information required by users according to the ship's operating status and tasks and effectively structuring it in the MFD of the INS. By analyzing INS-related international standards and manufacturers' component equipment lists, mandatory navigation information was selected and card sorting tests were conducted on ship operators with experience in using MFDs to group the information required for each INS task. The results of the study can serve as a basic guideline for manufacturers to structure information based on users' experience when designing products.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.163-178
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find the effect of restaurant brand image upon service quality, price acceptability, and revisit intention, and to propose the importance of brand image to operators and managers who manage restaurants. To accomplish the purpose of this study, sampling was taken among customers who visit six deluxe hotels and six family restaurants in Seoul. Six hundreds questionnaires were distributed to each hotel and restaurant and 487 valid samples were selected for statistical analysis. The questionnaire consists of 77 items about demographical characteristics, brand image, service quality, revisit intention, price acceptability, and spending patterns. SPSS WIN 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. A research model was built up and three null hypotheses were established. Based on theses research model and three null hypotheses, the test was conducted, and the results are as follows. Brand image has an effect upon service quality, and furthermore this can be preceding variable of service quality. Also Service quality has an effect upon price acceptability and revisit intention.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2014

Body fluid has been studied for diverse fields like Ringer's solutions, artificial joint fluids, cell growth culture media because it plays a crucial role in controlling body temperature and acts as a solvent for diverse metabolite processes in the body and delivery media of mineral, energy source, hormone, signal and drug from and to cell via blood or lymphatic vessel by osmotic pressure or active uptake. Stratum corneum containing extracellular lipids and NMF (natural moisturizing factor) absorbs atmospheric water residing outside of cells and utilize it to hydrate inside of their own. This process is related to skin barrier function. In this study, we conducted the cell viability test with Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$, which mimicks body fluids including amino acids, peptides, and monosaccharides to strengthen skin barrier, and the clinical skin improvement test with cosmetics containing Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$. In the cell viability test, HaCaT cell was treated with PBS for 3 hours, followed by the treatment of a cell culture medium (DMEM) and isotonic solution (PBS) and Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ for 3 hours each. Then, MTT assay and image analysis were conducted. In the clinical skin improvement test, twenty-one healthy women participated. Participants applied cosmetics containing Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ on their face for a week and evaluated the skin hydration, skin roughness, brightness and evenness. All measurements were conducted after they washed off their face and took a rest under the constant temperature ($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and constant humidity conditions ($50{\pm}5%$) for 20 minutes. All the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) software program. Results showed that Cell Bio Fluid $Sync^{TM}$ improved both the cell viability and in vivo skin conditions such as skin hydration, roughness, brightness and evenness.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.502-509
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• 2016

The seasonal appearance and the chemical composition characteristics of cladode of Opuntia humifusa were investigated in this study. The minor (horizontal) and major (vertical) axes, the width, and weight of O. humifusa cladode were compared for its appearance features. Moisture, crude protein, ash, fat, color, dietary fiber, mineral, and amino acids contents were measured for the comparison of their chemical composition characteristics. The cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer showed higher values of minor and major axis, width, and weight than those harvested in winter. According to the results of Hunter color index, cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer showed the highest lightness level (Hunter L value). In the meanwhile, cladode of O. humifusa harvested in spring showed the highest Hunter a (redness) and b (yellowness) values. Cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer had the lowest crude protein and crude fat contents, while it showed the highest crude ash content. The total contents of moisture and dietary fiber were significantly greater than summer-harvested cladode of O. humifusa followed by spring- and winter-harvested cladode of O. humifusa. The major mineral content of all seasonal cladode of O. humifusa was $Ca^{2+}$. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the major amino acids in all seasonal samples. Contrary, the contents of total amino acids and free amino acids were the lowest in summer-harvested cladode of O. humifusa. Taken together, it was concluded that the appearance and chemical quality of cladode of O. humifusa was versatile depending on the harvesting season.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2012

It was carried out to detect anti-impotence drug-like compounds, sibutramine and their analogues in dietary supplements, which are doubtful whether they include illegal compounds. A total of 51 food products were bought online and have been investigated. The separation was achieved on a C18 column, with the mobile phase made up of water (5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate and 0.1% phosphoric acid) and 95% acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with gradient elution using by HPLC-DAD. The UV signals were monitored at 220 nm and 291 nm. LC-ESI-tandom MS was utilized to confirm that detected compounds in samples are the same as the reference materials. Two nutrient supplement foods and ginseng products were found to contain 1.3-82.1 mg of sildenafil, dimethylthiolsildenafil and pseudovardenafil per serving size. In addition, two other processed products were detected to contain 1.7 and 2.2 mg of didesmethylsibutramine, derived from sibutramine per serving size.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2020

Particulate matters (PM) are small particulate pollution that decrease the function of skin barrier, which causes inflammatory skin diseases and extrinsic aging. In this study, we evaluated the effect of preventing the adherence of PMs from several cosmetic products applied to human skin using iron oxide black. The PM floating chamber consists of skin exposure area, PM inlet, floating power device, and an outlet so that PM can be naturally attached to the skin while floating in the chamber. The change in skin brightness according to the floating concentration of alternative fine dust was checked to confirm the optimal floating concentration conditions. The intensity difference (before-after intensity, Δ) before and after adhesion of iron oxide black was proportional to the amount of PM adhered. The anti-adherence effect of iron oxide black on five cosmetic products were evaluated through 20 each subjects by comparing the amount of iron oxide black adhered on the control and treatment. The difference in brightness before and after the iron oxide black attached to the skin was calculated and compared with the control group(p < 0.05). When over 150 mg of iron oxide black was adhered on the skin, the interference of intensity was low and clearly showed the skin adhered pattern. According to the application of the five cosmetics, the intensity difference was significantly lower than the control group. This means that depending on the product, it prevented the attachment of iron oxide black. This study is a safe and useful method to confirm the prevention of PM skin adherence. In conclusion, cosmetics can prevent the adherence of PM on the skin according to the formulation or ingredients characteristics.