• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.700-709
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• 2002

To develop a natural food preservatives from medicinal herbs (62 species), antimicrobial test was performed with hot water and ethanol extracts against Escherchia coli, Listeria monocytogens and Candida albicans by paper disk method. And its result as a first screening test, 7 kinds of medicinal herbs were selected, and more precise analysis was conducted at last 3 kinds of medicinal herbs was finally selected. Therminalia chebula Retz and Rhus javanica has a broad antimicrobial spectrums and has a low MIC values. In growth inhibition test, they showed a very strong antimicrobial activity aganist Listeria monocytogens. If there has a elaborate approaches in its characteristics and properties, some good result must followed in making a powerful natural antimicrobial preservatives.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The variety of functional plants has an attention for new natural food preservation and natural antiseptic development. The extracts from functional plants with various methods (ethanol extraction, hot water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) tested antimicrobial activity against 10 strains including the pathogenic and food poisoning bacteria, the yeast and fungi. The antimicrobial activities of supercritical fluid extracts were shown higher than ethanol extract and hot water extract when tested with disc-diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extract was two times higher than ethanol extract in Cinnaonomum cassia. In addition, the supercritical fluid extractions of Chamaecyparis obtuas and the C. cassia showed the higher yield than Origanum vulgare and Scutellariae baicalensis. The supercritical fluid extract of C. cassia showed an antimicrobial activity against all strains tested. The supercritical fluid extract of S. baicalensis showed strong antimicrobial activity on Listeria monocytogenes. Supercritical fluid extraction of O. vulgare and C. obtuas showed strong antimicrobial activity on Salmonella typhimuriium. In MIC test, C. obtuas was shown the best natural material for the preparation of natural antimicrobial agent by supercritical fluid extraction. In conclusion, these results suggest that supercritical fluid extraction technique was effective to obtain functional ingredient with higher antimicrobial activity in the development of new antimicrobial reagent from natural materials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2012

This study is focused on finding new natural materials that have antimicrobial activity. We found that 3 plants extracts, Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch (M. sieboldii K. Koch), Rhus chinensis (R. chinensis) and Metasequioa glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides), have antimicrobial activities by disk diffusion method. We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentation (MIC) of each and found that 0.3 ~ 0.35 % of M. glyptostroboides essential oil and 0.35 ~ 0.4 % of M. sieboldii K. Koch extracts inhibited fungal growth and 0.45 ~ 0.5 % of R. chinensis extracts inhibited bacterial growth. We isolated compounds from extracts and verified what have antimicrobial activity. As a result we found that caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene isolated from M. glyptostroboides, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone from M. sieboldii K. Koch and ethyl gallate, ethyl-3-gallate from R. chinensis have antimicrobial activities. In accordance with antimicrobial activity, O/W cosmetic emulsion containing mixture of 3 plants extracts showed preservative efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. Based on the above data we suggest that extracts from M. siebodii K. Koch, R. chinensis, and M. glyptostroboides, replace chemical synthetic preservatives and be applied as a natural preservative.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to assess the cosmeceutical activity of Kalopanax septemlobus leaf and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for applicaiton of cosmetic industries. The concentration of total phenolic compound of hot water and 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf showed 104 mg/L and 125 mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH(1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl -hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf showed 93.1% and it was similar to BHA(butylated hydroxyanisole) effect at 1,000ppm concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of hot water extracts and 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf were 46.6% and 60.4% at 1,000ppm, respectively. In these results, K. septemlobus leaf has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.456-464
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• 2005

Antimicrobial drug-resistance is natural response to antimicrobial stress based on selection, which weakens chemotherapy effect. Introduction of large numbers of chemotherapeutic agents to clinical practice has generated strains of microorganisms that survive and multiply in vivo with high-drug concentrations. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), bacteria found in normal daily life, can be easily ingested through milk vegetables, and meats, etc. MRSA emerged in many port of the world, increasing complex clinical problems. Therefore, new agents are needed to treat MRSA. Glycyrrhiza uralensis was extracted using 80% MeOH to investigate its antimicrobial activity against MRSA stains KCCM 11812, 40510, and 40512 through bacterial measurement, disc diffusion, and O.D. methods, MIC values, MRSA gene expression investigation, and scanning electron microscope observation. Results revealed MecA, Mecl, MecRI, and FemA were the most highly manifested MRSA genes. Methanolic extract of G. uralensis significantly inhibited MRSA and thus could be used in development of antibacteria.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Diospyros malabarica stem extract, a natural materials, in oral health material. With this aim in mind, thin layer chromatography (TLC), TLC-bioautography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and real-time qPCR were performed. The antibacterial activity of D. malabarica stem extract against Streptococcus mutans KCTC3065 was confirmed in an n-hexane fraction with low polarity. The molecular weight of the antibacterial compound was estimated to be 188 by ESI-MS analysis. The inhibitory effects of the extract on biofilm formation and gene expression related to biofilm formation of S. mutans were determined by SEM and real-time PCR analysis. The extract inhibited the formation of S. mutans biofilms at D. malabarica stem extract concentrations of 1 mg/ml, as shown by SEM. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the gtfC gene, which is associated with biofilm formation, was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that D. malabarica stem extracts, a natural materials, can be used in oral health products to suppress the formation of biofilms by inhibiting tooth adhesion of S. mutans, a causative agent of dental caries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.901-916
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate natural plant extracts for methane gas reduction in ruminants. Rumen fluid was collected from cannulated Hanwoo cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming 400 g/kg concentrate and 600 g/kg timothy. The 15 ml of mixture comparing McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio 2 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into 50 ml serum bottles. Rumen fluid contents were collected and in vitro fermentation prepared control (timothy, 300 mg), ginseng, balloon flower, yucca plant, camellia, tea plant and ogapi extracts were added at the level of 5% against 300 mg of timothy as a substrate (v/w) and incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. In vitro pH values range 6.55~7.41, this range include rumen titration. The dry matter digestibility was not differ between all treatments and control. Total gas emission was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Carbon dioxide emission was not differ all treatments on 9 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) yucca plant, camellia and tea plant treatments on 12 h than control. Methane emission was not differ all treatments on 6 h than in control. The rumen microbial growth rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower on 12 h and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, yucca plant, tea plant and ogapi treatments on 24 h than in control. Total VFA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tea plant and ogapi treatments on 12 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. Acetic acid was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Propionic acid was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. As a results, sixth natural plant extracts had no significant effect dry matter digestibility and negative on rumen fermentation, but not effect methane reduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 대량으로 손쉽게 구 할 수 있는 식물염료를 확보하여 새로운 천연색소자원을 탐색하기 위해서 진행되었으며, 시료의 최적 추출 조건을 확립하고 추출된 색소의 실크에 대한 염색 특성을 살펴 최적 염색조건을 설정하고, 염색견뢰도를 평가하여 수수 등겨 추출물의 천연색소로의 활용에 대한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 수수 색소 추출 시 생산성과 편리성을 고려하여 추출은 pH 4, 추출온도 $60^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 24시간이 적정조건으로 제시되었으며, 수수 추출물에 함유되어 있는 탄닌의 최대흡수파장은 282nm로 나타났다. 견직물의 pH에 따른 염색 특성은 pH가 증가할수록 K/S값이 증가하여 염착량이 증가하였으며, 염색온도가 높을수록 염색시간이 길어질수록 염착량이 증가하는 경향을 보여주고 있다, 염색온도가 높을수록 염색시간이 경과될수록 색상은 $Y{\rightarrow}YR$로 변화되는 것을 알 수 있었으며 염색온도가 높을수록 채도가 증가하였다. 욕비가 클수록 염착량은 감소하였으나, 채도는 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 매염제 처리에 의한 색상변화에서는 Al, Ni 매염은 색상변화는 적었지만, Cu와 Fe 매염은 명도와 채도를 크게 감소시키고 아울러 색상도 Cu는 적갈색으로 Fe는 진회색으로 변화되었다. Sn과 Ti 매염에 의해서 명도는 약간 감소하고 채도는 약간 상승하여 연한 주황색으로 색상이 변화하였다. 설정된 조건에서 염색된 염색포의 일광견뢰도는 2~3급, 세탁견뢰도 변퇴색은 2~3급, 오염은 4~5급으로 나타났다. Fe로 매염된 염색포의 일광견뢰도는 증가하여 3~4급으로 나타났으며, 매염제 처리에 의한 세탁 견뢰도는 같거나 약간 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.578-582
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• 2002

Ethanol extract obtained from bark, roots, stem, leaves and seeds of 30 species of plants and mushroom, Dicyophora indusiata were examined antimicrobial effect on fish pathogenic bacteria, Listoneria anguillamm, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae by disk method. Ethanol extract of D. indusiata was found to be the most active against all fish pathogenic bacteria in test system. Ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of D. indusiata showed the strongest compared with those from other solvent fractions such as dichloromethane, n-buthanol and water. The antimicrobial effect of ethyl acetate fraction was particularly evident against S. iniae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.243-247
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• 2006

To develop the natural brown hair-dye, we investigated the dyeability of hairs dyed with the extracts of Boehmeria tricuspis and chemical hair-dye and the changes in its colors as affected by the number of washing frequencies. When dyed with the extracts of Boehmeria tricuspis, ${\Delta}E$ values was increased over 11 compared with control and dyed an order of descent YR. ${\Delta}E$ values treated the ashing juice of Japanese cleyera with a mordant was mostly increased about 15.52. Hairs was dyed with the extracts of Boehmeria tricuspis and we investigated L, a, b and ${\Delta}E$ values as affected by the number of washing frequencies. When treated the ashing juice of Japanese cleyera with a mordant, L values was mostly decreased, however, a, b and ${\Delta}E$ values was increased significantly. L values of hairs dyed with the extracts of Boehmeria tricuspis and washed over thirty times became low compared with that dyed with chemical hair-dye and changes in a, b and ${\Delta}E$values of that was small.