• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.109-111
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• 2006

본 논문은 애니메이터로 하여금 얼굴 표정들의 공간으로부터 일련의 표정을 선택하게 함으로써 3차원 아바타의 표정을 실시간적으로 제어할 수 있도록 하기 위한 표정공간의 생성방법에 관하여 기술한다. 본 시스템에서는 약 2400여개의 얼굴 표정 프레임을 이용하여 표정공간을 구성하였다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정을 표시하는 상태표현으로 얼굴특징 점들 간의 상호거리를 표시하는 거리행렬을 사용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합을 표정공간으로 한다. 그러나 이 표정공간은 한 표정이 다른 표정까지 이동할 때 두 표정간의 직선경로를 통해 이동할 수 있는 그런 공간이 아니다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정에서 다른 표정까지 거쳐 갈 수 있는 경로를 캡쳐된 표정 데이터로부터 근사적으로 유추한다. 우선, 각 표정상태를 표현하는 거리행렬간의 거리가 일정 값 이하인 경우 두 표정을 인접해 있다고 간주한다. 임의의 두 표정 상태가 일련의 인접표정들의 집합으로 연결되어 있으면 두 표정간에 경로가 존재한다고 간주한다. 한 표정에서 다른 표정으로 변화할 때 두 표정간의 최단경로를 통해 이동한다고 가정한다. 두 표정간의 최단거리를 구하기 위해 다이내믹 프로그래밍 기법을 이용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합인 표정공간은 다차원 공간이다. 3차원 아바타의 얼굴 표정 제어는 애니메이터들이 표정공간을 항해할 때 실시간적으로 수행된다. 이를 도와주기 위해 표정공간을 차원 스케일링 기법을 이용하여 2차원 공간으로 가시화하였고, 애니메이터들로 하여금 본 시스템을 사용하여 실시간 표정 제어를 수행하게 했는데, 본 논문은 그 결과를 평가한다.참여하는 빈들 간의 관계를 분석하여 워크플로우에 대한 성능 측정이 가능하도록 한다. 또한 제안된 메트릭을 통하여 EJB 어플리케이션의 성능 향상을 도모할 수 있도록 한다.로 표면 위로 자라났고, 부종은 창상 밑 조직까지 감소하였으며, 육아조직은 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 창상 유발 21일 후, 다른 창상에 비해, HG 처치창은 유의적으로 창상 표면이 거의 재생성 상피로 덮였으며, 육아조직은 창상 유발 14일 후와 비교해서 유의적으로 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 위의 모든 결과에서 보듯이, 개에서 전층피부 창상의 처치 시 HG의 사용은 HC와 생리 식염수에 비해 창상치유 복구기의 치유 속도를 촉진하는 것으로 사료된다.시범학교의 자녀를 들 부모들은 환경관련문제에 대한 의식 및 환경관련 제품에 대한 구매행동의 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다.EX>$d^{2+}$ + SA처리구는 두 화합물의 이중 효과에 의해 전반적인 생리 활성을 억제하여, 결국에는 식물의 고사를 유도하는 것으로 사료된다.목에 대한 보안'이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 솔루션 선정요인에 관한 중요도를 e-마켓플레이스의 유형과 산업 별로 평가해보았는데, 여기에서 밝혀진 중요도를 통해 e 마켓플레이스를 구축하고 자 하는 기업은 솔루션을 자체 개발하거나 구입할 때 올바른 의사결정을 할 수 있다. 그리고 솔루션을 제공하려는 기업측면에서는 e-마켓플레이스를 구축하고자 하는 기업에게 유형과 산업별로 적절한 솔루션을 제공할 수 있다.순환이 뇌대사 및 수술 후 신경학적 결과에 보다 유익한 효과를 제공해 줄 수 있음

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

Background: An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to oxidative stress, and this has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung neoplasm. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA base excision repair and the redox regulation of many transcription factors. However, the alteration of the expressed levels of APE/ref-1 in non-small cell lung cancer is unknown. Material and Method: Forty-nine patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining with APE/ref-1 antibodies was performed, and their expressions were analyzed via Western blotting for specific antibodies. Result: APE/ref-1 was localized at the nucleus and mainly in the non-tumor region of the NSCLC tissue specimens; it was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the NSCLC. The nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of APE/ref-1 in lung cancers were markedly up-regulated in the NSCLC, and this was correlated with the clinical stage. Catalase, as first-line antioxidant defense, was dramatically decreased in the NSCLC. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that APE/ref-1, and especially cytoplasmic APE/ref-1, was upregulated in the lung cancer regions, and this may contribute to the compensatory defense system against oxidative stress. A low expression of catalase might have fundamental effects on the extracellular redox state of lung tumors, along with the potential consequences for the tumors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1971

The measures of contour-terracing with sod has been executed as a major measures for hillside erosion control works for a long time in Korea. It is, however, recognized that pair terracings make a new slope-face having the more steeper degree of slope between the upper and the lower terraces on hillsides and it also does not contribute for establishing the natural vegetation-cover by penetration of pioneer seeds on the slope faces or cut-faces of hillsides. The study was therefore conducted in connection with the above problems on the cut-face having slope of $40^{\circ}$ and 1.6 meter in slope length with clay soils. Plot allocation for the experiment consists of 3 kinds of 3 replica plots having each $1.6m^2$ of slope area, i. e., the control plot with direct seeding on slopes only ($T_1$), the covering plot with the straw-mats after seeding on slopes ($T_2$) and the seeding plot after covering with the straw-mats. ($T_3$). The main results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. Effects of the straw-mat mulchings on surface soil loss control:-The total amount of soil losses from each treatments are measured as 4,651 gr from $T_1$, 163 gr. from $T_2$ and 2,891 gr. from $T_3$ treatment respectively. (Refer to table No. 2, 3 and 4). In short, it is recognized that effect of $T_2$ treatment is compared as 28.5 times than that of $T_1$ treatment and 17.7 times than that of $T_3$ treatment respectively. Effect of $T_3$ treatment compared with $T_1$ treatment is also such recognizable as 1.6 times in control of surface soil losses on a slope face. 2. Effect of the straw-mat mulchings on soil moisture content on slopes; -Average per cent of surface soil moisture content by treatments show as 21.60 at the $T_1$, 23.04 at the $T_2$ and 22.21 at the $T_3$ treatment respectively and that of subsurface soil moisture content by treatment show as 23.81 at the $T_1$, 26.16 at the $T_2$ and 24.81 at the $T_3$ treatment respectively. The variance of soil moisture content by treatments was highly significant (Refer table No. 7, 8 and 9). 3. Effect of the straw-mat mulchings on vegetation establishment;-Average numbers of germination by treatments are counted as 237 Nos. at the $T_1$, 246 Nos. at the $T_2$ and 262 Nos. at the $T_3$ treatment plots and the vegetation coverage on ground was almost same as about 90% of covers in all treatments. This effect is more or less lower than that of surface soil erosion control. 4. Regarding the effect on surface soil erosion control, the straw-mat mulchings would be effective as a new measures for control of soil erosion on erosion susceptible lands such slope-faced bare-lands as cut-fill faces, mass-movement faces and bare hillsides.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the effects of Undaria pinnatifida (UP), Petalonia binghamiae (PB) and Punctaria latifolia (PL) extracts on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric and breast cancer cells. AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml concentrations of the extracts to determine their anti-proliferative effects, using the MTT assay. The UP, PB and PL extracts inhibited proliferation of AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the PL extract was found to be the most effective. DAPI staining was also performed to determine changes in the cell nucleus. Further, the AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml of only the PL extract. DAPI staining showed increased chromatin condensation, which is indicative of apoptosis, in the 200 μg/ml group. The expression of the Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP proteins in AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells treated with the PL extract was also determined by western blot analysis. The expression of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) and cleaved-PARP was increased, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) was decreased compared with the control. These findings indicate that the PL extract may have potential as an alternative anticancer drug and nutraceutical.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.733-743
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• 2020

We estimated the carbon storage of coal mines reclaimed using Betula platyphylla (BP), Pinus koraiensis (PK), and Pinus spp. (PS, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, and Pinus thunbergii). The carbon storage of tree biomass (TB), forest floor(FF), mineral soil (MS), and the total forest were quantified. Reclaimed sites were located in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Jeollanam-do; reclamation was conducted at various times in each region. The carbon storage (ton C ha^-1) in FF (BP: 3.31±0.59, PK: 3.60±0.93, PS: 4.65±0.92), MS (BP: 28.62±2.86, PK: 22.26±5.72, PS: 19.95±3.90), and the total forest(BP: 54.81±7.22, PK: 47.29±8.97, PS: 45.50±6.31) were lower than that of natural forests (NF). The carbon storage in TB was lower in BP (22.57±6.18) compared to NF, while those in PK(21.17±8.76) and PS (20.80±6.40) were higher than in NF. While there were no significant differences in the carbon storage of TB, FF, and the total forest among tree species, results from MS showed a significant difference among species. TB and the total forest carbon storages in all sites increased after reclamation. Soil pH and cation exchange capacity values in BP and PS were lower than in NF. Amounts of labile carbon, available phosphate, and microbial biomass carbon in reclaimed sites were less than half of NF. There are a number of methods that could increase the reclamation efficiency. Applications of lime or organic fertilizers, as well as tillage operations, may improve soil properties in reclaimed coal mines. Additionally, pruning and thinning would increase tree growth thereby increasing carbon storage.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.248-266
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create a checklist for each type of disaster and to suggest a method for establishing an appropriate response system and making accurate and rapid decision-making. Method: In order to derive checklist factors, previous case analyses (Tropical Storm Rusa (2002), Typhoon Maemi (2003), and Typhoon Chaba (2016) were conducted for typhoon disaster. Grouping was conducted to derive checklist factors by analyzing general status (climate and weather) information and characteristics by case. Result: The case study was divided into national level and county level. In terms of national unit, eight forecasts were included: weather forecast, typhoon landing status, typhoon intensity, typhoon radius, central pressure, heavy rain conditions, movement speed, and route. Local governments should reflect regional characteristics, focusing on the presence or absence of similar typhoons (paths) in the past, typhoon landing time, regional characteristics, population density, prior disaster recovery, recent disaster occurrence history, secondary damage, forecast warning system. A total of eight items were derived. Conclusion: In the event of a disaster, decision making will be faster if the checklist proposed in this study is used and applied. In addition, it can be used as the basic data for disaster planners' response plans in case of disasters, and it is expected to be a more clear and quick disaster preparedness and response because it reflects local characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2018

Increases in disasters and damage caused by the disasters in modern society, have a negative impact on local economy. In particular, a local economic downturn leads to a deterioration in quality of life of local residents and causes mental and material damage. Therefore, in order to achieve stable and sustainable local economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the resilience of the local economy. This study aims to estimate indicators of local economic resilience of Jindo County after the Sewol Ferry disaster, analyze a trend of the economic level after the disaster through time series data and suggest improvement plans of the local crisis management and restoration policy that considers future economic resilience. Results of this study showed that a decrease in the number of tourists and of workers in related industries hit tourism industry, causing a loss to the local economy and that an increase in a drinking rate of and stress awareness rate of local residents was a stress factor due to disaster impacts. These findings provides policy implications that it is necessary to make efforts for improving the depressed local image by utilizing local resources in the area, to build a sustainable long-term economic recovery policy and to provide psychological treatment and the relevant government and local government's support for relieving the stress of local residents due to the disaster impacts.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Recently, the disaster situation has been diversified and compounded worldwide as well as in Korea. And the damage scale of each disasters have increased, and following economic loss is also increasing immensely. In Korea, especially the out break frequency of large-scale disasters has increased. Disasters caused by earthquakes are also very likely to occur. When a major accident such as Mauna resort collapse accident, Ferry sewol sinking accident occurred, systematic emergency medical care at the site at the time of disaster occurred in order to operate an emergency medical facility corresponding to the site, which is not systematic. The need for this service is urgent. If highly reliable emergency medical system function at appropriate times in the disaster site, secondary damage can be reduced and the whole situation would be back to normal shortly. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an emergency medical system capable of quickly and safely responding to disaster sites in relation to various damage scale. For the purpose, thorough analysis on mobile medical units of inside and outside the country was accomplished. As a result, Mobile Medical Unit of outside the country are trailer type, tent type, container type etc. At home, these types have been studied and will be proposed early next year as a temporary solution. Here we introduce suitable types for our country.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.99-113
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• 1974

This experiment was carried out to find reasonable semi. hot seedbed system for early transplanting of "Tongil"rice cultivar. The quality of the young rice-plants, yield, and the occurrence of the reddish dry leaves were not significant differences between the seedbed with polyethylene tunnel and that of Rat covering. The per cent of healthy seedling of the soil preparation with the dry soil plowing was increased than that of the water soil plowing. The stability of the seedling cultivation of the thin layer straw mulching seedbed beneath the polyethylene film was higher than that of the common flat seedbed system.ed system.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2020

Avian influenza (AI) viruses are highly contagious viruses that infect many bird species and are zoonotic. Ducks are resistant to the deadly and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and remain asymptomatic to the low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). In this study, we identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after a reanalysis of previous transcriptomic data for the HPAIV and LPAIV infected duck lung cells. Microarray datasets from a previous study were reanalyzed to identify common target genes from DEGs and their biological functions. A total of 731 and 439 DEGs were identified in HPAIV- and LPAIV-infected duck lung cells, respectively. Of these, 227 genes were common to cells infected with both viruses, in which 193 genes were upregulated and 34 genes were downregulated. Functional annotation of common DEGs revealed that translation related gene ontology (GO) terms were enriched, including ribosome, protein metabolism, and gene expression. REACTOME analyses also identified pathways for protein and RNA metabolism as well as for tissue repair, including collagen biosynthesis and modification, suggesting that AIVs may evade the host defense system by suppressing host translation machinery or may be suppressed before being exported to the cytosol for translation. AIV infection also increased collagen synthesis, showing that tissue lesions by virus infection may be mediated by this pathway. Further studies should focus on these genes to clarify their roles in AIV pathogenesis and their possible use in AIV therapeutics.