• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.83-100
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• 2014

This study aims to explore the relationships between preschool teachers' beliefs about the purpose of multicultural education and their attitudes and teaching efficacy with respect to multicultural education. For this purpose, 296 teachers, who were working at kindergartens and daycare centers, were chosen for this study and the survey method was used to collect data. The TMAS (Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey), Multicultural Teaching Efficacy Scale, and teachers' belief about the purpose of multicultural education were used to evaluate teachers' multicultural-related variables. To analyze the data, frequency measurements, percentile, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient were used. Through this study, these findings were found: 1) Teachers most perceive human relations as the purpose of multicultural education. 2) There is no relationship between the belief in multicultural education and the attitudes and teaching efficacy with respect to multicultural education. However, The attitudes about multicultural curriculum show meaningful differences, depending on the teachers' beliefs about the purpose of multicultural education. 3) The attitudes and teaching efficacy with respect to multicultural education are strongly related to each other. These findings are discussed with respect to the necessity of multicultural education curriculum development for preschool teachers.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.427-446
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stress in families of children with disabilities upon a problem-solving ability based on a buffering effect of family resilience through life cycle. To achieve this purpose, the subjects in this study was 546 parents who have kindergarten, elementary, middle & high school students in special schools. The date for this study were derived from questionaries and the answer sheet was analyzed by SPSS(VER. 14). A descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hierarchical moderating regression analysis were used to investigate the general information and the difference of perception between groups. The findings of this study were as follows: Higher belief system, higher organization type, higher communication process of the family with disabled children tend to appear more positive influences on buffering effects for stresses of family and solving-problem abilities. Findings from the current study demonstrate that the buffering effect of family resilience indicate to have positive influences on the relationship between the stress and the problem-solving ability in the family with disabled children.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.217-261
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• 2012

Die Zeugen Jehovas lehnen Bluttransfusionen ab. Wiederholt haben Todesf$\ddot{a}$lle unter Jehovas Zeugen, die mit der Ablehnung von Bluttransfusionen in Verbindung gebracht werden, in den Medien f$\ddot{u}$r Aufsehen gesorgt, da die Zeugen Jehovas die $\ddot{U}$bertragung von fremdem Blut aus religi$\ddot{o}$sen Gr$\ddot{u}$nden entschieden ablehnen. Medizinische Behandlungen, auch Bluttransfusionen bed$\ddot{u}$rfen grunds$\ddot{a}$tzlich der Einwilligung des Patienten. Wenn sich ein Zeuge Jehovas gegen eine Transfusion entscheidet, ist dies zu respektieren. Ist ein erwachsener Patient Mitglied der Zeugen Jehovas und tr$\ddot{a}$gt dieser eine Patientenverf$\ddot{u}$gung bei sich, die eine Bluttransfusion ablehnt, weil es dadurch zu einer "Zerst$\ddot{o}$rung der Pers$\ddot{o}$nlichkeit" des Menschen aus religi$\ddot{o}$sen Gr$\ddot{u}$nden komme, so ist auch diese Verf$\ddot{u}$gung verbindlich, sofern sie ernsthaft ist. Bei Minderj$\ddot{a}$hrigen ist die Einwilligungsf$\ddot{a}$higkeit durch den Gesetzgeber bislang nicht geregelt. Minderj$\ddot{a}$hrige k$\ddot{o}$nnen grunds$\ddot{a}$tzlich selbst zustimmen, wenn sie ihrer geistigen und sittlichen Reife nach einsichtsf$\ddot{a}$hig sind. Bei Jugendlichen ab dem 16. Lebensjahr muss der Arzt ermitteln, wie einsichtsf$\ddot{a}$hig sie sind und inwiefern sie selbst in die medizinische Behandlung einwilligen k$\ddot{o}$nnen. Einwilligung kann aber nicht eingeholt werden, wenn der Patient einwilligungsunf$\ddot{a}$hig ist. Bei Kindern bis zum 16. Lebensjahr ersetzt die Einwilligung der Eltern in die medizinische Behandlung die Einwilligung der Kinder. Ob die Entscheidungen der Eltern $\ddot{u}$ber ihre unm$\ddot{u}$ndigen Kinder im Fall lebensbedrohlicher Krankheitsverl$\ddot{a}$ufe von den behandelnden $\ddot{A}$rzten akzeptiert werden m$\ddot{u}$ssen, ist umstritten. Die Ablehnung einer Bluttransfusion f$\ddot{u}$r ein transfusionsbed$\ddot{u}$rftiges Kind w$\ddot{a}$re eine Kindeswohlgef$\ddot{a}$hrdung. Bei Kindern ist der Weg $\ddot{u}$ber die $\ddot{U}$bernahme des Sorgerechts durch das Gericht unvermeidlich, falls die Eltern auf der Ablehnung einer lebensnotwendigen Transfusion beharren. Im Rahmen der objektiven Interessenabw$\ddot{a}$gung ist der Grundsatz "in dubio pro vita" zu beachten. Bei erheblicher unmittelbarer Gefahr ist allerdings ein direktes Eingreifen n$\ddot{o}$tig.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

In the Republic of Korea, punishment of conscientious objectors is rising as a social issue once again. Large number of news articles on the punishment of conscientious objectors are updated on portal sites several times a day. The background for this phenomena is based on the disagreement between the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court has ruled that it is constitutional for the government to punish conscientious objectors who denied their service for religious belief according to the Clause 1 of the Article 88 of the Military Service Law. However, district courts have taken different stance in the lower instance. 6 rulings in 2015, 7 rulings in 2016, and 16 rulings in the first half of 2017 has declared the conscientious objectors as not guilty. At the same time, the issue is becoming more controversial as the Jeju District Court has made two different rulings on the punishment of conscientious objectors who denied their military service for religious belief. Therefore, the study aims to find out whether conscientious objection can be included as a reasonable cause under the Clause 1 of the Article 88 of the Military Service Law, and take thorough review on the interpretation and the application of Article 18 of the Human Rights Covenant by examining the rulings at the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and District Courts.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.14-15
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• 2003

중의학은 서양의 의료 다원주의의 한 부분이 되었다. 특히 침과 같이 서양의 개념과는 분명히 다른 의료 기법에 있어서는 두드러진다. 그밖에 뜸, 안마, 기공, 중약 및 복합 처방들도 있다. 서양에서 전문직업인화는 보건의료 관련분야에서 중심적인 인력양성 방법이 되었다. 이는 대학이 기반을 다진 중세까지 거슬러 올라가는데, 19세기에는 법인들이 전문직업인 모임으로 바뀌어 가면서 개인적 환경을 변화시키고 직업의 체계를 개발하였다. 변호사, 교사, 사제, 의사가 그 예이다. 의료에 있어서 학교교육을 통해 수련된 의사들이 조산사나 안마사들을 지배하게 되었는데 이런 경향은 1950-60년대에 극에 달한다. 그러다가 이들의 지배는 대중매체, 환자, 다른 주변 의료 보조인력들에 의해 도전을 받는다. 이와 비슷한 양상을 이단적인 의료에서도 관찰할 수 있다. 전문직업인의 우세와 시점이 비슷한 생물의학의 우월적 지배는 많은 다양한 의료에 의해 도전을 받는다. 그러나 생물의학의 우월함의 약세가 시술자들의 전문직업인화 까지를 포함하지는 않았다. 실제로 침술과 같은 치료술들을 전문직업인인 의사나 의사가 아닌 시술자들이 함께 쓰고 있기 때문이다. 이는 직능간의 분쟁을 야기할 가능성이 높다. 이단적 개념을 기존 의료계로 통합하는 것이 전문직업인들인 의사들의 노력으로 이해되었다. 이 견해는 두 가지 문제를 내포하고 있는데, 첫째 의사들을 단일한 속성으로 보고 있다는 것인데, 실제로 현대의학을 배우고 가르치는 나라들 사이에도 매우 다양한 차이가 있음을 간과하고 있다. 둘째로 의료인이 아닌 시술자들도 다양한 분야로 통합되었는데, 통합은 어쩌면 하급의 전문인들의 노력의 결과로 설명되어야 하는 것이 더 알맞을 수 있다. 그러나 이들도 전문직업인의 조직구조를 가져야 만 하고, 그렇지 않으면 파편으로 남을 것이다. 전문직업인주의는 언제나 과학과 연계하고 있는데, 독일 정부와 직업인 조직은 의료과학 집단에게 이단적 시술들의 임상효과를 검증하게 하였다. 이것은 이단 의료계에 우호적인 단체나 적대적인 단체 모두에게 적용되었다. 매우 강한 힘을 가진 냉소적인 조직 가운데 하나는 National Committee of SHI-Physicians and Sickness Funds(Bundesausschuss der Arzte und Krankenkassen).2 인데, 2001년에, 이 단체에서 출판한 자료에는 침의 효용성은 침을 시술하는 사람에 달린 것 일뿐 시술자의 수련이나 침 시술의 배경 개념에 달려있는 것이 아니다. 그러므로 침은 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험을 통해 효과를 검증받지 못한 다른 치료법들의 범주에 머물러 있다.(cf. Bundesausschuss 2001: 8). 1990년대, 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험은 생물의학이 아닌 의료의 효과를 검증하는데 알맞지 않고 비윤리적이라고 강한 비판을 받았다. 한편 1995년에 WHO는 침의 유효성 평가를 위해 이 실험기법을 추천하며, 이어 2001년에, the International Council of Medical Acupuncture and Related Techniques(ICMART)는 침연구와 시술을 위한 헌장(Acupuncture Charter Berlin an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)3 for acupuncture)을 채택 공표한다. 독일 보험 회사들도 침의 효과와 효율성을 검증하기 위해 대규모 실험을 시작했다. 100,000 명이 넘는 환자들이 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험을 통해 평가되고 있는데 이 실험은 병원이나 일차의료기관의 외래에서 진행되고 있다. 영국에서는 이 분야의 유력한 Edzard Ernst가 위의 개념과 비슷한 구도를 설정 공표하는데 보완의학 분야의 많은 다른 전문가들의 견해를 무릎 쓰고, 그는 증거기반 의학에 대한 그의 신념을 표방한다. "무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험이 보환의학 분야의 시술을 검증하기 위한 알맞은 방법이 아니라고 끝없이 주장하지만 우리는 거의 모든 치료법을 포괄하는 분야에 이들 실험을 발견하였으니, 이는 보완의학도 엄정한 방법으로 검증할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다고 할 수 있다."(Ernst et al. 2001: xiii). 적어도 독일에서 진행중인 효과 검증 연구가 향후 아시아 의학의 기반 마련에 중요한 역할을 하게 될 것이다. 영국에서는 이에 대한 정치적 수렴이 전문 직업인화에 달려 있을 것이다. 여기에서 나는 아시아에서 유래한 의료의 서양에서 어떻게 사회학적 관찰의 대상으로 분류되고 정의되는지 소개하고자 한다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.105-120
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• 2010

The education of arts has been known to have positive impacts on not only general public but also for groups that have low self-satisfaction or that feel a sense of alienation. For example, there are research reports that confirm that there was a change in the sense of accomplishment and self-effectiveness on the students in industrial high schools that have less self-assurance and faith in their own identities compared to the academic high schools after taking art classes. Also, it has been discovered in another study on juvenile delinquents that how they spend their leisure time affected the rate of second convictions. In addition, in the , it has been shown that the juveniles preferred the cartoon and animation field the most among different art fields. The purpose of this research is developing a learning-teaching curriculum that can be used in the youth detention center schools based on above research results. The goal of the arts education in the youth detention center must be in increasing the inner control factors such as self-esteem and self-confidence rather than raising professional technicians for employment. Therefore, the researcher will understand the environmental particulars of the youth detention center which is closed and in which group works take the most proportion to develop and propose a teaching-learning curriculum most appropriate for such environment to conduct cartoon and animation education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

Nowadays, aggressive driving is a common driving behavior and it is raised as a dangerous factor for both drivers and passengers. However, it is hard to find studies on aggressive driving in Korea, and even the definition of aggressive behavior is not clearly explained. In this study, the term "aggressive behavior" is defined based on previous studies, and the significance of several psycho-social factors which affect aggressive driving were verified with the 'habit' factor from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the pilot study, domestic drivers reported that aggressive behaviors included speeding, traffic light signal violation, and improper passing (cutting drivers off when passing). In this study, controlling the demographic characteristics of these three aggressive behaviors, the authors explored the relationship of the behaviors with TPB factors such as the habit factor. Consequently, in the case of drivers' intentions for speeding and traffic light signal violations, subjective norm, perceived behavioral controllability, and habit were significant factors. In the case of intentions for improper passing, only perceived behavioral controllability and habit were significant. In speeding behavior and traffic light signal violations, only habit was significant besides intention; however, in improper passing, both perceived behavioral controllability and habit were significant besides intention. The authors also tested an alternative model including TPB and habit factors for three types of aggressive driving. Finally, there are several implications for a possible intervention program for aggressive driving, though there are some limitations of the study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference of health behavior modification between male and female patients with cardiovascular disease; and to compare the predictors of health behavior between the male and female subjects. Methods: A comparative study design was used in the study. A total of 228 patients(male 114, female 114) with cardiovascular disease were recruited from outpatients clinics in 2 university hospitals in Korea. Data were analyzed using t-test, $X^2$, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 20.0. Results: There was significant difference of health behavior between male and female patients with cardiovascular disease (F=9.45, p=0.002). The significant predictors of health behavior among male subjects were self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, medical support and autonomous motivation, accounting for 45%; the significant predictors of health behavior among female subjects were self-efficacy, medical support and autonomous motivation, accounting for 51%. Conclusions: It is suggested to take different health promotions strategies to maintain the performance of health behaviors among male and female patients with cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.791-804
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the definition of and factors in decision on socio-scientific issues and to analyze the standards for the quality of decision-making, based on the review of studies in socio-scientific issues. This study analyzed 147 articles published in journals of the social science citation index, and the research method was followed by taxonomy analysis and analytic induction. The results showed that many of the studies did not explicitly articulate the decision-making and only dealt with a specific element of the process, not as a whole. Decision-making was categorized into the steps of identification, option, criteria, information, survey, choice, and review. In terms of the factors, the literature tackled diverse things: science knowledge, nature of science, type of issue, discussion type, belief & values, and culture. This study examined the relationship between the factors and each element of decision-making. Among the relationships, only six kinds were shown as relevant and most of factors were connected to survey. With regard to the standards, the literature relied upon balance, justification and multiplicity since many of the studies made use of Toulmin-based argumentation. This study gives some implications for standards for decision-making regarding the nature of risk and uncertainty.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1502-1523
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• 2012

Recently, there have been growing interest in teachers' professional development since teachers were regarded as a critical factor in the context of the reform efforts. Along with these efforts, educational researchers have continued to implement various programs to improve teachers' subject matter knowledge, beliefs, and their practices. Although considerable researches have been done regarding the efficiency of these programs, most of them have focused on individual teacher's change. However, a "teacher's mind is socially formed" (Edwards, 2001). This perspective indicates that teacher change is necessarily viewed in terms of social mediational process between individual and the social context. This study examines the interactions between teachers and researchers in order to explore the mediational processes and the aspects of collective understanding, which has emerged from the collaborative workshop. The data were collected from small group activities in a workshop and then analyzed using interactional sociolinguistic approach. Futhermore, activity system was employed to describe the social mediational process. The findings show that participating teachers constructed knowledge through conflict regarding collective understanding. This process of collective understanding was mediated by object, rules, and roles within each activity system. Findings from the study suggest that the sociocultural perspectives to teacher education are essential in understanding how teachers learn to teach and that teachers' professional discourse can play a significant role in teachers' professional development.