• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.308-313
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• 2008

"Jeokjoong", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety was developed from the cross "Keumkang"/"Tapdong". "Jeokjoong" is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft white winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check variety). The heading and maturing date of "Jeokjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Jeokjoong" were 78 cm and 7.5 cm, similar to "Keumkang". "Jeokjoong" had lower test weight (800 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.1 g) than "Keumkang" (811 g and 44.0 g, respectively). It had resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance and lodging tolerance. "Jeokjoong" showed moderate to scab in test of specific character although "Keumkang" is susceptible to scab. "Jeokjoong" had lower flour yield (69.2%) and ash content (0.36%) than "Keumkang" (72.0% and 0.41%, respectively) and similar flour color to "Keumkang". It showed lower protein content (8.9%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (36.8 ml) and shorter mixograph mixing time (3.5 min) than "Keumkang" (11.0%, 59.7 ml and 4.5 min, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Jeokjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". "Jeokjoong" had softer and more elastic texture of cooked noodles than "Keumkang". Average yield of "Jeokjoong" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 6.19 MT ha-1 in upland and 5.33 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 19% and 16% higher than those of "Keumkang" (5.21 MT/ha and 4.58 MT/ha, respectively). "Jeokjoong" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

"Sukang", a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Suwon266" / "Asakaze" during 1994. "Sukang" was evaluated as "Iksan312" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2006 and 2008. "Sukang" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Sukang" were 90 cm and 8.1 cm, longer culm length and similar spike length compared to "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Sukang" had similar test weight (819 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.2 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g/L and 44.9 g, respectively). "Sukang" showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.5%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (0.2%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Sukang" had lower flour yield (71.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (74.1% and 0.42%, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower lightness (89.13) and higher yellowness (10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02 and 9.28, respectively). It showed higher protein content (12.8%) and gluten content (11.1%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume (56.8 ml) and mixing time of mixograph (2.6 min) than "Keumkang" (11.9%, 10.2%, 62.3 ml and 4.7 min, respectively). Fermentation properties, amylose content and pasting properties of "Sukang" were similar to "Keumkang". "Sukang" showed different compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, $2^{\ast}$, 13+16, 2+12) and puroindolines (pina-1b/pinb-1a) compared to "Keumkang" ($2^{\ast}$, 7+8, 5+10 in HMW-GS and Pina-1a/Pinb-1b in puroindolines, respectively). "Sukang" showed lower hardness (4.53 N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) compared to "Keumkang" (4.65 N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Sukang" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.34 MT/ha in upland and 4.72 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 4% and 1% lower than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Sukang" would be suitable for the area above $-10^{\circ}C$ of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.244-251
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• 2009

This study was carried out to identify useful single gene and gene combination resistant to K1, K2, K3 and 24 bacterial blight(BB) isolates (including K3a, HB01009) breaking down Xa3 gene. Xa3, Xa4, xa5 and Xa7 genes were resistant to K1, K2, K3 of bacterial blight pathogen. Against 24 BB isolates breaking down Xa3 gene, Xa1, Xa2, xa8, Xa10, Xa11, xa13 genes were susceptible, whereas Xa4 gene was moderately resistant and xa5 and Xa21 genes were resistant. IRBB7 having Xa7 gene showed resistance responding to 24 BB isolates, whereas IRBB107 carrying Xa7 gene was susceptible to 10 BB isolates and moderately resistant to 14 BB isolates. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Toyonishiki and IR24, both possessing Xa7 gene, showed different resistance response against 24 BB isolates according to genetic background. Xa3+xa5, Xa4+xa5, Xa4+xa13, Xa4+Xa21, xa5+xa13, xa5+Xa21, xa13+Xa21, Xa4+xa5+xa13, Xa4+xa5+Xa21, Xa4+xa13+Xa21, xa5+xa13+Xa21, and Xa4+xa5+xa13+Xa21 were resistant to K1, K2, K3 and 24 isolates breaking down Xa3 gene. When Xa3 and xa13 genes were combined with xa5, Xa4, Xa21, resistance response was enhanced compared with single gene lines containg only Xa3 or xa13. Similarly, when Xa4 gene was combined with xa5 and Xa21, resistance response was improved by the gene combination effect.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

We used a multiplex PCR primer set composed of 11 microsatellite (MS) markers and two sexing markers for gender detection. Genomic DNA extracted from hair roots of 3,510 Hanwoo were genotyped. Based on the 11MS markers, no animals had identical genotypes(TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETF10, SPS115, TGLA122, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824 and INRA23). The expected probability of identity among genotypes of random individuals (PI), the probability of identity among genotypes from random half-sibs ($PI_{half-sibs}$) and among genotypes of random individuals, and the probability of identity among genotypes from random sibs ($PI_{sibs}$) were estimated as $1.31{\times}10^{-23}$, $2.52{\times}10^{-16}$and $1.09{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively using the API-CALC program, version 1.0. We successfully completed the genotype analysis of 3,510 Hanwoo with a 3.93% genotyping failure rate. It was revealed that extracting DNA from the hair root was a time-efficient and cost-effective method to collect specimens for DNA isolation from live animals. This method also minimized stress for the animals during specimen collection. Among the hair roots from the back, belly, upper tail and lower tail, 5~13 hair roots of the lower tail led to the best genotype analysis results. Finally, we established a 96-well-format method of DNA preparation applicable for high- throughput genotype analysis.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

Nokwon, a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between Keunolkong and Hyangnam-1 and released in 2006. The pedigree of Nokwon, designated as Milyang 153 in 2003, was SS96425-2B-11-4-1-1-1. Nokwon, used as a vegetable soybean was characterized by dark green pod, large seed, very short plant height, and lodging resistance. Nokwon has determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, oval leaf shape and brown pods at maturity. The mature seeds have a greenish yellow seed coat with brown hilum and yellow cotyledon. In Korea, Regional Yield Trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2004 to 2006, Nokwon shows strong tolerance to soybean mosaic virus and lodging in fields. Fresh pods of Nokwon harvested at the beginning of August, and stem height was 11cm shorter than 45 cm of Hwaeomputkong. In the same tests, fresh pod of Nokwon (11.4 ton/ha) yielded 14% higher than Hwaeomputkong (10.0 ton/ha). Nokwon had 5.9 cm fresh pod length, 13.1 mm fresh pod width, 75.4 g seed weight per 100 green seed, 39.4% green seed protein content, and 17.3% green seed oil content.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2009

A new rice cultivar "Keumo 3" was developed for adopting under double cropping system with after or before cash crop cultivation. It was selected from the cross-combination between YR17202 $F_2$/Shinkeumobyeo//YR15727-B-B-B-102. The parent, YR17202 $F_2$ individual plant, was used for tolerance to lodging, it derived from a cross between Nonganbyeo/Shinkeumobyeo. Nonganbyeo is well known to lodging tolerance cultivar, as well as biotic stress, because it was developed by crossing with Tongil type. And the YR15727-B-B-B-102 line used as another parent with short growth duration, likewise highly resistance to rice blast disease. The pedigree derived from the cross-combination YR17202 $F_2$/Shinkeumobyeo//YR15727-B-B-B-102 were generated to $F_7$, and a best line among them named as Milyang 201. After a series of yield trials, including local adaptability test conducted throughout the peninsular of Korea, Milyang 201 was registered with the name of "Keumo 3" in 2005. The cultivar belongs to a early maturing group and heads 4 days earlier than Keumobyeo, a standard cultivar. It has short culm, and less spikelet number per panicle than Keumobyeo. However, its milled rice yield grown under extremely late transplanting time, 10. July, over the 3 local sites for 2003-2005 years, averaged 4,48 MT/ha, which is 6% higher than the standard, Keumobyeo. "Keumo 3" has showed a durable resistance to leaf blast disease during fourteen blast nurseries screening covered from south to north in Korea for 2003-2007 years. And it was confirmed harbours pi-zt, a durable blast resistance gene. Moreover it was incompatible with 19 blast isolates under artificial inoculation, except one isolate, K1101. Additionally, "Keumo 3" exhibits resistance to $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ of bacterial blight pathogen, as well as strip virus disease resistance, and moderate resistance to dwarf virus disease. Consequently, the new rice cultivar "Keumo 3" would be well adopted where a bio stress makes a big problem annually.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop new cultivars of Hibiscus species from crosses between introduced interspecific hybrids and cultivars in Hibiscus species. Fruit setting of interspecific crosses of Hibiscus strains was less than 10% and the number of seeds in the fruit was also in low level. Three individuals of specific flower and leaf characteristics were selected from crosses between introduced interspecific hybrid, 'Fujimusme'(♀), and H. syriacus 'Namwon'(♂) in 2004. A new strain, Hibiscus ${\times}$ 'W-26', was selected from the crossing of interspecific hybrid, 'Fujimusme'(♀), and H. syriacus 'Namwon'(♂), which had white flower and narrow separated petal. Hibiscus ${\times}$ 'WRB-2' was selected from the crossing of interspecific hybrid, 'Fujimusme'(♀), and H. syriacus 'Namwon'(♂), which had white flower and blue eye spot. Hibiscus ${\times}$ 'R-141' was selected from crosses between introduced interspecific hybrid, 'Shichisai'(♀) and H. syriacus 'Namwon'(♂), which had large flowers over 13 cm diameter and revealed tall tree type. Hibiscus ${\times}$ 'R-142' was selected from the crossing of interspecific hybrid, 'Shichisai'(♀), and H. syriacus 'Namwon'(♂), which had large flowers over 13 cm diameter and revealed tall tree type. The characteristics were succeded after grafting. Flower of 'R-142' had reddish violet color with red eye spot, whereas its parent had blue and purple flowers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) of vegetation is one of the major components of the hydrologic cycle, and its accurate estimation is important for hydrologic water balance, irrigation management, crop yield simulation, and water resources planning and management. For agricultural crops, ET is often calculated in terms of a short or tall crop reference, such as well-watered, clipped grass (reference crop evapotranspiration, $ET_o$). The Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO (FAO 56-PM) has been accepted by researchers and practitioners, as the sole $ET_o$ method. However, its accuracy is contingent on high quality measurements of four meteorological variables, and its use has been limited by incomplete and/or inaccurate input data. Therefore, this study evaluated the applicability of Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) model for estimating $ET_o$ from less meteorological data than required by the FAO 56-PM. A total of six meteorological inputs, minimum temperature, average temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation, were divided into a series of input groups (a combination of one, two, three, four, five and six variables) and each combination of different meteorological dataset was evaluated for its level of accuracy in estimating $ET_o$. The overall findings of this study indicated that $ET_o$ could be reasonably estimated using less than all six meteorological data using BPNN. In addition, it was shown that the proper choice of neural network architecture could not only minimize the computational error, but also maximize the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The findings of this study would be of use in instances where data availability and/or accuracy are limited.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays influenced by seedling age, nutrient management before transplanting, and night temperature after transplanting. Grafted cucumber seedlings in paper pot trays were supplied with different nutrient solution concentrations of 0.5 x full strength (S) (EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 1.0S(EC $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 2.0S(EC $3.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) two times a week until transplanting. 26, 33, 40, and 47 day-old cucumber grafted seedlings were transplanted and grown at three levels of night temperature (10, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$) during ten days. Increasing nutrient solution concentration enhanced the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and relative growth rate of seedlings. With increasing seedling age, the differences in growth were greater among nutrient treatments. The dry matter percentage increased with the seedling age, but was lower with higher nutrient concentration. The specific leaf area showed the opposite results. In cucumbers transplanted at 26- or 33-day seedling ages, night temperature did not affect the growth at ten days after transplanting. However, the growth of 40 or 47 day-old seedling decreased at $10^{\circ}C$. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, the dry weight of cucumbers transplanted at 40- or 47-day seedling ages was depressed by 58% or 71%, respectively, at $10^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it was concluded that the optimum nutrient solution concentrations and seedling age for the production of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays can be 1.0S and about 30 days, respectively, and night temperature should be maintained at the range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ for promoting the growth after transplanting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.509-518
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate single crossing condition of M. sacchariflrous and M. sinensis for breeding of M. ${\times}$ giganteus cultivar. Compared with natural day length condition, cultivation in short day length condition shorten days to heading to 18~27 days in both species. Pollen germination ratio of were 75.8% at 6 o'clock in M. sacchariflorus and 51.9% at 7 o'clock in M. sinensis but decreased to below 10% at 8 o'clock in both species. When cut ears immerged in 150 mL of cut-flowers conservation solution and isolated with covering of white non-woven fabric, flowering and pollen dispersal were persisted for 7 days, and the ratio of pollen germination were above 40% for 4 days. The ratio of self-fertilization of both species were below 2.5%, but open pollenation ratio were above 50%. We obtained 437 seeds with experimental single cross of 14 combinations between tetraploid M. sacchariflorus and diploid M. siensis by application of developed single crossing methods. In the single cross, numbers of seed set were different by mother plants. Thus, the newly investigated single crossing condition will be used to breed M. ${\times}$ giganteous cultivar which is sterile and has superior characteristics of biomass yield.