• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.63-86
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• 2019

As the use of ICT became a part of daily social life, online community has emerged as a new type of social organization. Online community is a virtual space which enables many people to participate and contribute together to collective knowledge. Anonymity in online communities can encourage active social participation by people with various social constraints, however, anonymity can also lead to serious social pathology. As a result, it is necessary to study on what is fundamentally influencing human behavior and how people's behavior is controlled in anonymous online community. This study focuses on human identity and investigate the factors affecting human behavior control in anonymous online environment by examining various aspects of identity in online discussion community. This study empirically verifies the causal relationship between factors, including social & technical anonymities, various identity dimensions, intrinsic motivation to participate in the community, group norm conformity, and quality of discussion. It also analyzes the difference between groups by the level of anonymity, gender, age, community usage period, and discussion topic. Based on the findings, this research provides theoretical and practical implications for online community management strategies and a better culture on Internet discussion.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2024

In this study, we summarized the definition of smart vegetable seedling production technology, analysis of smart seedling production system, a hardware and software configuration model for smart seedling production system, research and development trends in smart seedling production system, and proposed future research and development plans for smart seedling production technology. Smart vegetable seedling production is a data-based seedling production, management, and distribution system that utilizes 4th Industrial Revolution technology to improve seedling productivity and quality. The production of vegetable seedlings using smart seedling production technology can be efficiently managed by collecting, analyzing, and managing information on seedlings, environment, and tasks at each stage of production by linking with the smart seedling integrated management system. However, there is still a lack of standardization of seedling standards and quality for each vegetable crop to establish smart seeding production technology, as well as development of smart seedling production element technology, which requires national wide R&D support.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

The most common skin disease, acne, often occurs in adolescence, but it is also detected/observed in adults due to air pollution and drug abuse. One of the causative agents of acne, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) plays a role in the development of skin acne by inducing inflammatory mediators. Torreya nucifera (TN) is an evergreen tree of the family Taxaceae, having well reported antioxidant, anti-proliferative, liver protection, and nerve protection properties. Improvement of these bioactive properties of natural products is one of the purposes of natural product chemistry and pharmaceuticals. We believe biorenovation could be one improvement strategy that utilizes microbial metabolism to produce unique derivatives having enhanced bioactivity. Therefore, in this study, the C. acnes-induced RAW264.7 inflammation model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the biorenovated Torreya nucifera product (TNB). The results showed improved viability of TNB-treated cells compared to TN-treated cells in the concentration range of 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL. At non-toxic concentrations, TNB inhibited the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. TNB also attenuated the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by C. acnes. Furthermore, TNB inhibited the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, a transcription factor known to regulate inflammatory mediators. Based on these results, this study suggests the potential of using TNB as natural material for the treatment of acnes and thus, supporting our postulation of biorenovation as an bioactivity improvement strategy.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2024

This study investigates how entrepreneurial competencies affect firm outcomes for necessity entrepreneurship in Korea. Based on a survey collected from 162 necessity entrepreneurs, this study conducted multiple regression analysis. The statistical results show that founder entrepreneurial competencies, such as risk-taking, tend to be associated with positive outcomes financially as well as non-financially, which suggests that the existing propositions of previous research on the relationship between risk-taking and firm performance can be applied to necessity entrepreneurship as well. Additionally, founder opportunity competencies and resilience increase the likelihood of better financial performance in necessity entrepreneurship compared to others, whereas their effect on non-financial performance is not statistically significant. This indicates that necessity entrepreneurs are likely to focus more on financial performance to survive than on non-financial performance, particularly concerning variables related to sustainability such as the environment and society. The findings of this study contribute to knowledge concerning the role of necessity entrepreneurs' competencies in the performance of their companies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.443-463
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• 2024

This study sought to improve the accuracy of precipitation prediction by utilizing monthly precipitation data for each region over the past 30 years. Using statistical models (ARIMA, SARIMA) and deep learning models (LSTM, GBM), we learned monthly precipitation data from 1983 to 2012 in Gangneung, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, Busan, Seoul, Jeju, and Chuncheon. Based on this, monthly precipitation was predicted for 10 years from 2013 to 2022. As a result of the prediction, most models accurately predicted the precipitation trend, but showed a tendency to underpredict the actual precipitation. To solve these problems, appropriate models were selected for each region and season. The LSTM model showed suitable results in Gangneung, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, Busan, Seoul, Jeju, and Chuncheon. When comparing forecasting power by season, the SARIMA model showed particularly suitable forecasting performance in winter in Gangneung, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, Seoul, and Chuncheon. Additionally, the LSTM model showed higher performance than other models in the summer when precipitation is concentrated. In conclusion, closely analyzing regional and seasonal precipitation patterns and selecting the optimal prediction model based on this plays a critical role in increasing the accuracy of precipitation prediction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

Rainfall factor. R, and soil factor, K were estimated to use the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the amount of soil erosion from a land on slope in Kangwon-do, Korea. The average of R factor was 405 with a range from 251 to 601. The R factor differed among regions. The R factor at Taegwalryung, in the highland region, was 409 and those at Inje and Hongchon, in the mid mountainous regions, ranged from 310 to 493. The R factors at Wonju and Chuncheon, in the plain regions, ranged from 505 to 601. The R factors at Sokcho, Kangnung and Samchok, in the east coastal region, which ranged from 251 to 368, were lowee than those in the western part of the Taebaeg Mountains. The R factor during the winter including the effect of winter freezing and thawing was 12 to 30% of the annual average value in the east coastal and highland regions, while that in the western part of Taebaeg Mountains was lower than 7%. The average of K factor in the surface soil was 0.21 with a range from 0.06 to 0.42. The K factors of Odae and Weoljeong serieses were the lowest, while that of Imog was the highest. The average of K factor in the subsoil was 0.28 with a range from 0.07 to 0.45. The K factor of the subsoil was 1.3 times higher than that of top soil. The average of K factor in he soil including the effect of the gravel covering and percolation was 0.18 with a range from 0.03 to 0.33. In contrast. the K factor excluding the effect of the gravel covering was lower than this. The average of K factor in the frozen subsoil was 0.33, which was 1.6 times higher than that of the non frozen subsoil.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.5 s.100
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• pp.339-350
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the micro-implant height and anterior hook height to prevent maxillary six anterior teeth from lingual tipping and extruding during space closure. We manufactured maxillary dental arch form, bracket and wire, using the computer aided three-dimensional finite element method. Bracket was $.022'{\times}.028'$ slot size and attached to tooth surface. Wire was $.019'{\times}.025'$ stainless steel and $.032'{\times}.032'$ stainless steel hook was attached to wire between lateral incisor and canine. Length of hook was 8mm and force application points were marked at intervals of In. Four micro-implants were implanted on alveolar bone between second premolar and first molar. The heights of them were 4, 6, 8, 10mm starting from wire. We analyzed initial displacement of teeth by various force application point applying force of 150gm to each micro-implant and anterior hook. The conclusions of 4his study are as the following : 1. When the micro-implant height was 4m and the anterior hook height was 5mm and below, anterior teeth were tipped lingually. When the anterior hook height was 6mm and above, anterior teeth were tipped labially. 2. When the micro-implant height was 6mm and the anterior hook height was 6mm and below, the anterior teeth were tipped lingually. When the anterior hook height was 6m and above, the anterior teeth were tipped labially. But lingual tipping of anterior teeth decreased and labial tipping Increased when the micro-implant height was 6mm, compared with 4mm micro-implant height. 3. When the micro-implant height was 8mm and the anterior hook height was 2mm, the anterior teeth were tipped lingually. When the anterior hook height was 3mm and above, labial tipping movement of the anterior teeth increased proportionally. 4. When the micro-implant height was 10mm and the anterior hook height was 2mm and above, labial tipping of the anterior teeth increased proportionally. 5. As the anterior hook height increased, aterior teeth were tipped more labially. But extrusion occurred on canine and premolar area because of the increase of wire distortion. 6. Movement of the posterior teeth was tipped distally during maxillary six anterior teeth retraction using micro-im plant because of the friction between bracket and were Based on the results of this study, we could predict the pattern of the tooth movement according to position of micro-implant and height of anterior hook. It seems that we can find the force application point for proper tooth movement in consideration of inclination of anterior anterior teeth, periodontal condition, overjet and overbite

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2010

This study compares and contrasts the dynamics of plankton in 31 temperate lakes and reservoirs, and considers particularly the biomass ratio of zooplankton to phytoplankton and ecological model application. A total of 89 species of zooplankton were identified (70 rotifers, 14 cladocerans and 5 copepods) and a total of 554 species of phytoplankton were identified (176 Bacillariophyceae, 237 Chlorophyceae, 68 Cyanophyceae, and 73 other algal taxa). The total plankton abundance and species diversity were showed distinctive spatial and seasonal variation. Annual average phytoplankton density was $7,350{\pm}15,592$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=124), and the lowest was $855{\pm}448$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=4), while the highest was $72,048{\pm}13,4631$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=4). For zooplankton, small rotifer groups dominated the study sites, and approximately 3~10 species appeared in the study sites. Statistical analysis and an ecological model application revealed that the size of reservoirs affected the structure size of plankton community, i.e. relatively large number of species were found in smaller reservoirs. From this result, we can conclude that management strategy for the reservoir environment has to be focused more on small-size reservoirs, in terms of plankton community ecology.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.145-159
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• 2016

This study points out the problems of absence of the legislation for standard regulation on Video on Demand(VoD) advertisement which grows so fast lately, for this it recommends making legal references, which have the definition of non-linear broadcasting & VoD advertisement and VoD advertisement standard regulation in the merged Broadcasting Act, and adopting co-regulation system. Pay TV operators providing VoD service have the opportunities to make money as subscribers uses it increasingly. In case of linear service, the Broadcasting Act regulates the advertisement strictly, but not the VoD ads. The reason why is that Korean legislation including the Broadcasting Act does not have legal reference to regulate it, instead of that, it rely on the self-regulation system which is operated by pay-tv players who provide the VoD ads. So, there is the limitation to protect the minors such as children and youth from the harmful VoD ads, to be invulnerable for advertisers to influence to advertising agents, and to ensure the regulatory effectiveness under player-centric self-regulatory regime. In this context, this study analyses the how to regulate VoD ads standard with a three-pronged approach. First, it analyses the VoD ads regulation system in overseas countries, UK, Canada, EU and Ireland. Each country has the legal reference to regulate it in the Broadcasting Act or lower statures and adopts the co-regulatory regime the NRA and the 3rd entity operate together. Second, it reviews the objectives and scope of VoD ads standard. This study recommends that the objective of it is users protection and the scope of it is standard regulation not commercial practice. Third, this study researches how to legislate for regulation of VoD ads standard. Considering VoD service's characteristics(non-linear service) and legal position of Ads agency(i.e. pay tv operators), it suggest that legal reference will be in the integrated Broadcasting bill, which is the general law, not individual. If it is available to regulate VoD ads standard with co-regulatory regime, it expects the enhancement of user protection from the harmful VoD ads and make up sustainability of the pay-tv players' self-regulation.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2011

This study was designed to empirically analyze the effect of control activities(physical, managerial and technical securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness and the mediating effects of information application. The result was summarized as follows. First, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness showed that the physical, technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the organizational effectiveness(p < .01). Second, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on information application showed that the technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the information application(p < .01). Third, the explanatory power of models, which additionally put the information protection control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) and the interaction variables of information application to verify how the information protection control activities( physical, technical and managerial security controls) affecting the organizational effectiveness are mediated by the information application, was 50.6%~4.1% additional increase. And the interaction factor(${\beta}$ = .148, p < .01) of physical security and information application, and interaction factor(${\beta}$ = .196, p < .01) of physical security and information application among additionally-put interaction variables, were statistically significant(p < .01), indicating the information application has mediated the relationship between physical security and managerial security factors of control activities, and organizational effectiveness. As for results stated above, it was proven that physical, technical and managerial factors as internal control activities for information protection are main mechanisms affecting the organizational effectiveness very significantly by information application. In information protection control activities, the more all physical, technical and managerial security factors were efficiently well performed, the higher information application, and the more information application was efficiently controlled and mediated, which it was proven that all these three factors are variables for useful information application. It suggested that they have acted as promotion mechanisms showing a very significant result on the internal customer satisfaction of employees, the efficiency of information management and the reduction of risk in the organizational effectiveness for information protection by the mediating or difficulty of proved information application.