• Archives of design research
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• v.13
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

환경을 고려하는 제품개발에 대한 시대적 요구는 자연스럽게 그린 디자인 개념을 형성하게 되었고, 이러한 그린 디자인에 대한 관심이 디자인의 가치기준을 근본적으로 변화시켜 나갔다. 또한 소비촉진을 부추겨 환경파괴에 일익을 담당했던 디자인은 환경문제를 고려한 새로운 디자인철학을 바탕으로 환경을 위한 실천노력이 요구되는 시점이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 환경문제를 고려한 실천노력의 하나로 플라스틱을 주요 소재로 사용하는 제품 디자인의 제품설계단계에서 폐기물을 사전에 줄이고, 발생된 폐기물 중 재생 및 재활용이 가능한 재료를 최대한 회수하여 효율적으로 자원화 할 수 있도록 구체적인 재활용 설계방법을 모색해 보았다. 연구의 진행은 재활용 설계 시 고려해야 할 요소를 재료에 관한 문제, 구조에 관한 문제, 2차 가공에 관한 문제로 나누어 진행하였다. 재료의 문제는 플라스틱 재료의 재활용 범위를 검토해보고 재활용을 가능하게 하는 재료의 선택 및 활용방법을 제시해 보았으며, 재활용 재료의 분류를 돕는 재료표시방법에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이어서 구조의 문제를 생산 및 재활용 시 조립과 분해를 용이하게 하기 위한 임시고정구조와 영구 조임 구조의 디테일 설계방법을 정리하였고, 제품완성단계에서 필요한 2차 가공방법이 재활용에 미치는 영향을 검토해 보았다. 이상과 같이 세 가지 연구방향을 토대로 재할용 설계를 위한 종합적 가이드라인을 추출하여 제시하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

Recently, metal-composite hybrid structures became a very attractive material system for various applications such as automobile and air vehicles due to their design flexibility as well as superior mechanical properties. On the other hand, recycling is a hot issue to reduce material wastes and environmental pollution, so that many countries made recycling regulations. But the recycling of metal-composite hybrid structures is not fully considered since the development and application are very early stage. We developed and optimized the recycling process for metal-composite hybrid structures based on the easy adaptation of the local recycling companies.

• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) compositeis was increased to amount consumed. In this study, recycle of composites by recycle times. CF was containing 20%. Mechanical and interfacial propertis of CF/PP was evaluation for number of recycle time. Mechanical assessment of CF/PP was tension, bending, fatigue tension test and izod test method. Interfacial assessment of CF/PP was wettability test and FE-SEM of fracture surface method. Fiber and matrix was changed to recycle time. The more recycle of CF/PP, the more interfacial bonding was decreased. Because fiber and matrix was damaged to thermal damage. And then reinforced CF was shorter than original shape.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.128-132
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• 2018

Multi-material design with metals and composites can keep structural functions as well as reduce the weight of automotive parts. However, recycling of automotive parts should be considered due to the increasing emphasis on the environments and pollutions. We derived the key issues for increasing the recycling rate of automotive parts by carrying out a survey targeting representatives and workers related with automotive recycling. The core of the key issues was the separation technology of adhesively bonded metal-composite hybrid structures, so we conducted the basic research and suggested the separation technology which can easily be adopted into the recycling industries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

In order to confirm European packaging waste statistics, this study was investigated annual variability of packaging waste generated, target of recovery and recycling rate for packaging waste and recycling rate of European countries based on Eurostat database. Eurostat is regional society statistics organization designated by European community to distribute development, production and European statistics. From 2005 to 2013, paper and paperboard packaging were generated the largest amount among the total amount of packaging waste generated during the period and the share of main packaging materials were generally constant among the packaging materials. In addition, European Union member countries have established target for the recycling rate and recycling rate for packaging waste which has been well maintained by most EU countries since the 2008 directive was enacted. The recycling rate for whole packaging waste such as glass, paper and paperboard, metal, plastic, wood continues to increase in Europe. In this study, Europe packaging waste statistics were organized and analyzed as yearly transformation of Europe packaging waste occurrence and disposal, recycling rate and recovery rate target value of Europe countries and recycling rate of each country in Europe base on centralized Eurostat database. Moreover GDP reduction were also confirmed due to trend changes and indirect impacts such as economic slump by packaging waste and recycling.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2011

Considering of utilizing renewable resources and recycled plastics, green composites consisted of recycled polyethylene (PE) as matrix and eco-friendly natural fibers as reinforcement were processed and characterized in the present study. First, the wood flour/recycled polyethylene pellets with different wood flour contents were prepared by twin-screw extrusion processing. Using the pellets, wood flour/recycled polyethylene green composites were fabricated and the effects of wood flour loading on their flexural, tensile, impact properties, heat deflection temperature and fracture behavior were investigated. It was concluded that the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile modulus and heat deflection temperature of wood flour/recycled polyethylene green composites were increased with wood flour, whereas the tensile strength and impact strength were decreased. The fracture behavior observed by means of scanning electron microscopy supported qualitatively the tendency of the impact strength with wood flour loading, compared with the ductile fracture pattern of recycled polyethylene.

• 환경사랑
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• s.48
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• pp.7-7
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• 2007

국립수산물품질검사원은 수산물의 상품성 향상과 유통효율 제고 및 공정한 거래 실현을 위한 수산물표준규격을 지난 1월 22일 고시한 바 있다. 고시는 어종의 표준거래단위, 수산물의 포장치수, 포장재료 및 포장재료의 시험방법 등을 규정하고 있다. 고시에 따르면 포장재료는 식품위생법에 따른 용기.포장의 제조방법에 관한 기준과 그 원재료에 관한 규격에 적합하여야 한다. 고시 된 표준포장규격과 포장재료 중 P.S.대(폴리스티렌대)의 규격은 아래와 같다

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

Currently, since carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are lightweight and have excellent physical properties, their demand has increased dramatically. Many works have studied the CFRPs based on recycled thermoplastics. In this study, the applicability of recycled composite was evaluated using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET was collected from waste materials used in beverage bottles and processed to produce PET films. Optimal thermoforming temperature and time were analyzed by comparing the mechanical properties with forming temperature and time difference for producing PET films. CF mat and PET film were used to determine the suitable parameters for the optimum thermoforming of CF/PET composites. The mechanical properties of each thermoforming condition were verified by bending test. The degree of impregnation of the PET film into the CF mat was evaluated by cross-sectional photographs, whereas the interfacial properties were evaluated by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). Ultimately, it was confirmed that the thermoforming condition for forming the CF/recycled PET composites yielding the optimal mechanical and interfacial properties was at $270^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes.

• 기계와재료
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• v.17 no.4 s.66
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.16-36
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• 2005

The quantity of passenger cars in industrial countries has been significantly increased in recent years. According to prognoses, this tendency is likely to continue in the forthcoming future. As a direct consequence, an increase of End-of Life-Vehicles (ELV) will confront us with the problem of "ELV-Recycling". In order to cope with this situation, the European regulation for the treatment of End-of-Life-Vehicles (09/2000) has been transferred to national law in Germany (ELV-Regulation from 1 July 2002). The long term aim is to reduce residues from the ELV-treatment to less than 5 wt% from 30 wt% within the next 10 years (2015). For that reason, there is a need for innovative and more efficient recycling techniques tailored to future materials in automobiles. The design process at automotive industry is continuously changing due to the strong demand on optional equipment and new technical solutions for fuel saving. Light materials, such as aluminum and plastics, consequently become more important and cause a decrease of ferrous metals. Since plastic materials are often used as compounds, a separation into initial material types by means of mechanical recycling methods is not possible. For that reason, efficient recycling can only be realized by introducing recycling-friendly car designs. In the end an integrated approach of auto makers and recycling industry is of decisive significance for the fulfillment of future regulations.