• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.229-242
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• 2018

The effects of orally administered fermented porcine placenta (FPP) and its major dipeptides, L-Leucyl-Glycine (Leu-Gly) and Glycyl-L-Leucine (Gly-Leu), on UVB-induced wrinkle formation of the skin in hairless mice was studied. Treatment with FPP, Leu-Gly or Gly-Leu increased type I procollagen synthesis and decreased MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) in human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF-N). Hairless mice were also exposed UVB irradiation three times a week and fermented porcine placenta extract (FPP), Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu was administered once a day for eight weeks. Daily intake of FPP, Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu for eight weeks decreased wrinkles, erythema and thickness of the skin and increased skin hydration and synthesis of collagen relative to a UVB-control. Moreover, FPP, Leu-Gly or Gly-Leu intake decreased the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA levels and inhibited activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by UVB irradiation in hairless mice skin. These results suggest that major dipeptides of the placenta, Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu have the potential for use as a functional food ingredient with anti-wrinkling properties.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract (Ginseol K-b1), on skin functionality, we evaluated skin appearance and properties, such as wrinkle formation, skin moisture content, and skin elasticity in the skin of hairless mice damaged by UV irradiation. In addition, the effect of Ginseol K-b1 on collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts was investigated. Female hairless mice were orally administered Ginseol K-b1 for 10 weeks with UV irradiation. Wrinkle formation in the Ginseol K-b1-treated group was significantly suppressed compared to the UV-irradiated group. Skin properties, including skin moisture content and elasticity, of the Ginseol K-b1-treated group were better than those of the control group. In the human fibroblast cells, Ginseol K-b1 treatment enhanced cell proliferation and significantly stimulated collagen synthesis. These results suggest that Ginseol K-b1 is a potent ingredient with anti-aging effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.892-899
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• 2018

Portulaca oleracea L. is an edible plant widely consumed in daily diet throughout Europe, Asia and America. In this study, protective effects of P. oleracea L. extracts against oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation were investigated using HaCaT immortal human keratinocytes. In this context, the mRNA and protein productions of MMPs (MMP-1, -2, and -9) and type I procollagen, which are major markers of photoaging induced by UVB radiation in HaCaT keratinocytes, were evaluated. Furthermore, UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mRNA and protein expression levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), oxygenase-1 (OH-1), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), all of which are associated with the antioxidant balance, were investigated. As shown by the results, UVB radiation induced ROS formation and led to increased production of MMPs and decreased collagen production in human keratinocytes, which resulted in skin photoaging or photodamage. The treatment with P. oleracea L. extracts downregulated MMP (MMP-1, -2, and -9) production and upregulated type I procollagen expression in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Furthermore, treatment with the extracts decreased UVB-induced ROS generation and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD-1 and OH-1, through the Nrf-2 pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that P. oleracea L. extracts could be a potential cosmeceutical agent for the prevention of skin photoaging or photodamage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of various grain methanolic extracts against UVB-induced photo-aging in human skin fibroblasts. Various grain methanolic extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant compounds and activities. 2,2-Ddiphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ABTS 2,2-azino-bris-(3-ethylbenzoth iazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation scavenging activities have been used to measure the relative antioxidant activities of extracts from grains. The content of total polyphenolics in the extracts were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Human skin fibroblast (Hs68) cells were pretreated with various grain methanolic extracts ($25{\mu}g/mL$). Skin toxicity was simulated by exposing the cells to UVB ($30mJ/cm^2$) irradiation. In response to the UVB-irradiation, an increased amount of matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) release was observed, whereas pretreatment of various grain methanolic extracts significantly inhibited the production of MMP-1 in Hs68 cells. We also found that pretreatment of the extracts significantly decreased UVB-induced reactive oxygen species and significantly increased total collagen content in Hs68 cells. These results provide that grains could be regarded as a potential ingredient in natural cosmetics, used for UVB protection.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

MMP-1 inhibitory compounds were isolated from 120 Korean traditional edible plants. UP- 1 activity significantly increased linearly with increasing UVB dose in normal human foreskin fibroblast HS68 cell, showing maximum activity at approximately 35 $mJ/cm^2$, whereas in HaCaT cell, normal human keratinocyte, no increase was observed. Maximum secretion of MMP-1 after UVB treatment occurred around 36-48 k after treatment. MMP-1 inhibitory compound isolated from cold-water fraction of Cataegus pinnatifida Bunge showed the mort potent activity. The MMP-1 inhibitory compound was deduced as a peptide based on the fact that pronase digestion decreased the activity whereas periodate oxidation did not. The most potent UP- 1-inhibitory protein, CP-2Va-2, showing an activity of 88.5% against MMP-1, was isolated through sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, and Bio-Gel P-30. Molecular weight of CP-2Va-2 determined through high performance liquid chromatography and SDS PACE was 19 and 20 kDa. respectively, signifying a monomeric structure.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate inactivation effect of UVA-LED ultraviolet radiation upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which are the major bacteria causing eye diseases. Methods: The small sterilization device was made using UVA-LED of 400 nm. After Pseudomonas aeruginosa was diluted to $10^{-7}$ and Staphylococcus aureus to $10^{-5}$ and diluted solutions were put onto each liquid medium. They were irradiated by 400 nm of UVA for different amount of time; 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, 360 min and 480 min each. Results: The data from sterilization test was solved to regression line equation and the target log inactivation was obtained. The 3 log inactivation UV irradiation value of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 54,847 UV dose ($mJ/cm^2$) and irradiation time was 135.42 min while the 3 log inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus was 39,066 UV dose ($mJ/cm^2$) and irradiation time was 98.72 min. Conclusions: The inactivation effect of sterilization method using 400 nm of UVA-LED upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus has been verified and it is considered as a useful method in inactivating the contact lenses.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine 10 preservatives (benzyl alcohol (BAl), phenoxyethanol (PE), benzoic acid (BA), sorbic acid (SA), methyl paraben (MP), ethyl paraben (EP), propyl paraben (PP), isopropyl paraben (IPP), butyl paraben (BP), isobutyl paraben (IBP)) levels in 125 cosmetics (n = 125) for children by the simultaneous analysis of HPLC. The detection ranges were as follows; 0.01 ~ 0.91% (n = 35) for PE, 0.01 ~ 0.48% (n = 28) for BA, 0.01 ~ 0.78% (n = 9) for BAl, 0.01 ~ 0.11% (n = 3) for SA, 0.04 ~ 0.21% (n = 8) for MP, 0.02 ~ 0.09% (n = 8) for PP, and 0.04% (n = 1) for EP. The order of detection rates was cleanser (63%) > cream (48%) > sunscreen (46%) > lotion (38%) > oil (13%). At least one of target preservatives was contained in 50% (63/125) of samples and the content of the detected preservatives was within maximum allowed amount established by KFDA. Phenoxyethanol and benzoic acid were used more frequently than paraoxybenzoate esters (parabens) in cosmetics for children and the detected parabens was mainly the mixture of methyl paraben and propyl paraben.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the effects of heptapeptide on cellular activation and inhibition of cellular damage induced by photoaging condition in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression were induced by heptapeptide. The reduced cell viability under photoaging condition through ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation was increased by heptapeptide. And UVA-induced apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were decreased by heptapeptide. In addition, the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/smad signaling under UVA irradiation which resulting in reduction of ECM expression was also recovered by heptapeptide. We also tested the effect of heptapeptide under another photoaging condition through heat shock, and pre-treatment of heptapeptide prevented the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MMP-1 expression induced by heat shock. From these results, it has been shown that the heptapeptide has protective effects on fibroblasts through the up-regulation of cellular activity and through the decreasing of intracellular ROS level induced by UVA irradiation or heat shock. It is expected that the dermal protection effect of heptapeptide can be applied as a new cosmetic material in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.166-185
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• 1983

Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 (NRRL 3112) was investigated through a series of UV rays and N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatments to induce mutants that produce highly active raw starch saccharifying enzyme, and two mutants with strong enzymatic productivity were obtained. The mutants obtained were investigated for their fungal characters, condition of enzyme production, and other activities. Furthermore, the raw starch saccharifying enzyme was purified and the characteristics of purified enzyme were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The color of conidial head of UV-46 mutant obtained from UV rays treatment was changed to tan type and the gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme productivity and the raw starch saccharifying enzyme productivity increased up to twice and 1.8 times compared to the productivities of original Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 cultured on the wheat bran, respectively. 2. The conidial head color of NG-41 mutant obtained from NTG treatment became lighter than that of parent strain. The gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme productivity and raw starch saccharifying enzyme productivity increased about 1.8 times, and twice over the Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 parent strain cultured on wheat bran, respectively. The productivity of ${\alpha}$-amylase increased about 3 times more than the parent strain. 3. Two peaks of glucoanlylase and a peak of ${\alpha}$-amylase were obtained when enzyme solution of mutants and parent strain were passed through DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Glucoamylase I showed only gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme activity. However, glucoamylase II (raw starch saccharifying enzyme) showed both raw starch saccharifying enzyme activity and gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme activity. 4. Mutant, UV-46 was strengthened in glucoamylase II productivity and mutant NG-41 was strengthened in ${\alpha}$-amylase productivity. 5. Glucoamylase II of mutants and parent strain were appeared to have the same enzymatic properties. 6. Glucoamylase II of mutants and parent strain were recognized as simple enzyme through electrophoresis. 7. The glucoamylase II crystallized showed rhombic board type. 8. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, optimum pH, and optimum temperature of the glucoamylase II crystallized were estimated as 76,000, 3.4, 3.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

This study was initiated to investigate the skin whitening activities of methanol extracts from fruiting bodies of I. obliquus. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of I. obliquus methanol extracts were 31.85 mg/g and 28.33 mg/g, respectively. The methanol extract of the mushroom treated on B16/F10 melanoma and NIH3T3 cell lines did not show cytotoxic activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and chelating activity on ferrous ions of I. obliquus methanol extract were lower than those of positive control, tocopherol and BHT. The tyrosinase and L-DOPA inhibitory activities of the extract were lower than those of positive control, kojic acid and ascorbic acid. The tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory activities of the melanoma cells treated with the extract were comparable with positive control, arbutin. The experimental results suggested that methanol extract of I. obliquus contained inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the B16/F10 melanoma cells by dose dependent manner. High ultra-violet absorption spectra in the range of 280-350 nm showed that I. obliquus extract could protect skin from UV radiation damage. Therefore, fruiting bodies of I. obliquus can be used for developing skin whitening, anti-UV and skin care agents.