• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2014

We proposes the method to detect the Hangul and English character region from natural image using structural feature of Hangul and English Characters. First, we extract edge features from natural image, Next, if features are not corresponding to the heuristic rule of character features, extracted features filtered out and select candidates of character region. Next, candidates of Hangul character region are merged into one Hangul character using Hangul character merging algorithm. Finally, we detect the final character region by Hangul character class decision algorithm. English character region detected by edge features of English characters. Experimental result, proposed method could detect a character region effectively in images that contains a complex background and various environments. As a result of the performance evaluation, A proposed method showed advanced results about detection of Hangul and English characters region from natural image.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.321-333
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• 1996

The typeface of the Shhnch 'ongjon woodblocks is unsophisticated and old-fashioned while at the same time having a tidiness and strength that give it its special appeal. This is the typeface used in publishing novPls for sale to the common people during the latter half of the Choson Dynasty_ Their demands could not be satisfied with most currently available literature. which was intended to suit the tastes of the official class. As a result of a development to overcome the unbalanced use of space characteristic of letterforms that followed the geometric principles of early Hangul. the typeface followed the refined. feminine "hrushstroke" style of kungch 'e. establishing itself as a "rough" face displaying the characteristics of carved. woodblock printing in answer to the needs of the common p-eople who had the greatest need of Hangul during the time of its f1owering. The Shhnch 'ongjon face is characterized by thin horizontal strokes. thick vertical strokes. and the appearance of being condensed left to right. They possess simple yet varied form. With these characteristics the Shimch' ongjon typeface. if revived and compared to other typefaces. has a beauty of structure and composition and a unique. modern lmage with excellent readability. giving it great significance for modern r langul typography.r langul typography.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

This study aims to compare the word decoding skills, phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) skills, and letter knowledge of first graders with developmental dyslexia (DD) and those who were typically developing (TD). Eighteen children with DD and eighteen TD children, matched by nonverbal intelligence and discourse ability, participated in the study. Word decoding of Korean language-based reading assessment(Pae et al., 2015) was conducted. Phoneme-grapheme correspondent words were analyzed according to whether the word has meaning, whether the syllable has a final consonant, and the position of the grapheme in the syllable. Letter knowledge asked about the names and sounds of 12 consonants and 6 vowels. The children's PA of word, syllable, body-coda, and phoneme blending was tested. Object and letter RAN was measured in seconds. The decoding difficulty of non-words was more noticeable in the DD group than in the TD one. The TD children read the syllable initial and syllable final position with 99% correctness. Children with DD read with 80% and 82% correctness, respectively. In addition, the DD group had more difficulty in decoding words with two patchims when compared with the TD one. The DD group read only 57% of words with two patchims correctly, while the TD one read 91% correctly. There were significant differences in body-coda PA, phoneme level PA, letter RAN, object RAN, and letter-sound knowledge between the two groups. This study confirms the existence of Korean developmental dyslexics, and the urgent need for the inclusion of a Korean-specific phonics approach in the education system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 1998

In this paper, we proposed a set of ANSI-Korean character patterns for handwriting recognition that can be used as an input method of mobile computers like PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). In the case of bilinguals, two kinds of alphabets are written alternatively So the method of input character mode change must be provided, and this cause discomfort of writing. Our proposed written character patterns have some constraint but permit ANSI-Korean mixed writing without mode change keeping original form of alphabets and can be recognized with simple algorithm relatively. For ANSI character we analysis Graffiti and propose new writing pattern, which is more similar to original form. There are many researches about input method of unpacking Korean character and writing patterns. But they are not widely used because it's excessively contrary to original form of Korean characters. To show our proposed writing patterns usefulness, we studied the satisfaction and easiness of writing and the recognition rates. Writers are divided into two groups; PDA users, familiar to Graffiti, and others. The results satisfy usefulness in the both groups.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 2015

This paper aims to analyze pronunciation variations of loanwords produced by Korean and improve the performance of pronunciation modeling of loanwords in Korean by using syllable-based segmentation and phonological knowledge. The loanword text corpus used for our experiment consists of 14.5k words extracted from the frequently used words in set-top box, music, and point-of-interest (POI) domains. At first, pronunciations of loanwords in Korean are obtained by manual transcriptions, which are used as target pronunciations. The target pronunciations are compared with the standard pronunciation using confusion matrices for analysis of pronunciation variation patterns of loanwords. Based on the confusion matrices, three salient pronunciation variations of loanwords are identified such as tensification of fricative [s] and derounding of rounded vowel [ɥi] and [$w{\varepsilon}$]. In addition, a syllable-based segmentation method considering phonological knowledge is proposed for loanword pronunciation modeling. Performance of the baseline and the proposed method is measured using phone error rate (PER)/word error rate (WER) and F-score at various context spans. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline. We also observe that performance degrades when training and test sets come from different domains, which implies that loanword pronunciations are influenced by data domains. It is noteworthy that pronunciation modeling for loanwords is enhanced by reflecting phonological knowledge. The loanword pronunciation modeling in Korean proposed in this paper can be used for automatic speech recognition of application interface such as navigation systems and set-top boxes and for computer-assisted pronunciation training for Korean learners of English.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2018

With the increasing use of touch-enabled mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs, the works are done on desktop computers and smartphones, and tablet PCs perform laptops. However, due to the nature of smart devices that require portability, QWERTY keyboard is densely arranged in a small screen. This is the cause of different typographical errors when using the mechanical QWERTY keyboard. Unlike the mechanical QWERTY keyboard, which has enough space for each button, QWERTY keyboard on the touch screen often has a small area assigned to each button, so that it is often the case that the surrounding buttons are input rather than the button the user intends to press. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically correct the input errors of the QWERTY keyboard in the touch screen environment by using the n-gram language model using the word unigram and the bigram probability.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a modified unsupervised linear alignment algorithm for building an aligned corpus. The original algorithm inserts null characters into both of two aligned strings (source string and target string), because the two strings are different from each other in length. This can cause some difficulties like the search space explosion for applications using the aligned corpus with null characters and no possibility of applying to several machine learning algorithms. To alleviate these difficulties, we modify the algorithm not to contain null characters in the aligned source strings. We have shown the usability of our approach by applying it to different areas such as Korean-English back-trans literation, English grapheme-phoneme conversion, and Korean morphological analysis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

We propose a method to improve the performance of spontaneous speech recognizers by extending their phone set using speech data. In the proposed method, we first extract variable-length phoneme-level segments from broadcast speech signals, and convert them to fixed-length latent vectors using an long short-term memory (LSTM) classifier. We then cluster acoustically similar latent vectors and build a new phone set by choosing the number of clusters with the lowest Davies-Bouldin index. We also update the lexicon of the speech recognizer by choosing the pronunciation sequence of each word with the highest conditional probability. In order to analyze the acoustic characteristics of the new phone set, we visualize its spectral patterns and segment duration. Through speech recognition experiments using a larger training data set than our own previous work, we confirm that the new phone set yields better performance than the conventional phoneme-based and grapheme-based units in both spontaneous speech recognition and read speech recognition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1995

In order to determine the optimum planting density of Perilla frutescens which is suitable for the southern part of Korea, agronomic characters, yield of fresh stem, leaf and seed, and yield components were investigated grown in 1985 and 1986 at Mokpo Branch Station of Crop Experiment Station. The heading date was Aug. $14{\sim}15$ and the blooming period was Aug. $19{\sim}21$ regardless of the difference of plant density, but the longest stem length was 135cm in the plant density of $70{\time}40cm$ and the stem length in the plant density of $80{\time}40cm$ was 134cm. The quantity of fresh weight of stem and leaf and fresh weight of seed was high as 531kg/l0a in the plant density of $80{\time}40cm$. The positive correlation such as $0.7315^*,\;0.9024^{**}\;and\;0.7425^*$ were found between stem length and fresh weight of stem and leaf, stem length and fresh weight of seed, fresh weight of stem and leaf and fresh weight of seed and so high significance was recongnized. In the verification of significance of row spacing, the disperse of the stem length was $55.67^{**}$, that of fresh weight of stem and leaf is $268.50^*$, theat of fresh weight of seed was $16.00^{**}$ and high significance was recognized. In the verification of significance of intrarow spacing, the diperse of stem length was $54.21^{**}$, that of fresh weight of stem and leaf was $2,582.00^{**}$, that of fresh weight of seed was $48.00^{**}$ and then high significance was recognized. Accordingly, the proper plant density of perilla frutescens was 80cm of row $spacing{\time}40cm$ of intrarow spacing.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1995

To determine the optimum sowing time and nursery period in Perilla frutescens in the southern areas of Korea, perilla frutescens cv. red Perilla local cultivar was grown under three different sowing dates and nursery periods. The blooming period of the area which was sown on the seedbed in Apr.10 and carried out the growing seedling in 30days is Aug. 12 and it is two days earlier than that of the area, Aug.14, sown on the seedbed in Apr. 20 and carried out the growing seedling in 30days of the same month and it is also six days earlier than that of the area, Aug.18, sown on the seedbed in April 30 and conducted the growing seedling in the same date. The stem lengths are 135cm,131cm and 125cm respectively and the number of branches are 26.4, 25.3 and 23.6 respectively. The fresh weight of stem and leaf at the area sown on the seedbed in Apr.10 and conducted the growing seedling in 30days with the width of leaf over 5cm in the middle of Aug. and at the beginning of Sep. is 2,476kg/10a and it shows more increase of 172kg than that of fresh weight of stem and leaf with 2,304kg/10a which was sown on the seedbed in Apr.20 and earned out the growing seedling in 30days, and it also shows more increase of 411kg than that of fresh weight of stem and leaf with 2,065kg/10a at the area sown on the seedbed in April 30 and con­ducted the growing seedling in the same date, The fresh weight of seeds are 609.5kg/10a,509.3kg/10a and 463.2kg/10a respectively and $100.2{\sim}146.3kg$ is more increased. Therefore, the seedling period of the proper seedbed for high yield bumper crop of perilla frutescens for exporting to Japan is April 10 and the number of days for seedling is 30 days.