• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.281-308
• /
• 2009

In the process of solving a linear equation, some questions had equal sign('=') relation properly, while other questions did not have equal sign('=') relation properly. Since whether students could express equal sign('=') relation properly or not is determined by questions, the direction for teaching should be instituted, and instruction and teaching should be conducted by comparing and analyzing after conducing tests on may items. Most of students who got the answer for items without the method of solving a linear equation solved the items using binomial. For questions asking to solve using the characteristic of equality, most of students solved the questions using binomial instead of using the characteristic of equality. Therefore, instruction and learning to solve equations using both the characteristic of equality and binomial have to be achieved.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.761-783
• /
• 2009

Problem solving ability can be fostered by dealing with many different types of problems. We investigated how $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders who did not learn traditional algebraic methods might approach the word problems of simultaneous equations. This result reveals that the strategy of guess-and-check serves as a basis for elementary school students in solving simultaneous equations. A noticeable remark is that students used the guess-and-check strategy in various ways. Whereas some students changed a variable given in the problem step by step, others did in a sophisticated way focusing on the relation between two variables. Moreover, some students were able to write an equation which was not typical but meaningful and correct. This paper emphasizes the need of connections between pre-algebraic and algebraic solutions.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.557-571
• /
• 2008

The objective of this paper is to study De Morgan's thoughts on teaching and learning negative numbers. We studied De Morgan's point of view on negative numbers, and analyzed his didactical approaches for negative numbers. De Morgan make students explore impossible subtractions, investigate the rule of the impossible subtractions, and construct the signification of the impossible subtractions in succession. In De Morgan' approach, teaching and learning negative numbers are connected with that of linear equations, the signs of impossible subtractions are used, and the concept of negative numbers is developed gradually following the historic genesis of negative numbers. Also, we analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the De Morgan's approaches compared with the mathematics curriculum.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 2007

This study deals with the problem of transition from arithmetic to algebra and the relationship between elementary and secondary school mathematics for systems of linear equations. In elementary school, activity for solving word problems related to systems of linear equations in two variables falls broadly into using two strategies: Guess and check and making a table. In secondary school, those problems are solved algebraically, for example, by solving systems of equations using the technique of elimination. The analysis of mathematics textbooks shows that there is no link between strategies of elementary school mathematics and secondary school mathematics. We devised an alternative way to reinforce link between elementary and secondary school mathematics for systems of linear equations. Drawing a diagram can be introduced as a strategy solving word problems related to systems of linear equations in two variables in elementary school. Moreover it is closely related to the idea of the technique of elimination of secondary school mathematics. It may be a critical juncture of elementary-secondary school mathematics in the case of systems of linear equations in two variables.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.18 no.1 s.18
• /
• pp.223-237
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 중학교 1학년을 대상으로 일차방정식의 풀이 과정에서 나타나는 오류를 분석하고 그래핑 계산기를 활용하여 오류의 교정 과정을 제시하였다. 오류의 유형을 개념적 이해 미흡 오류, 등식의 성질에 대한 오류, 이항에 대한 오류, 계산 착오로 인한 오류, 기호화에 의한 오류로 분류하였으며, 이 중에서 등식의 성질에 대한 오류와 개념적 이해 미흡으로 인한 오류를 많이 범하고 있었다. 학생들이 TI-92를 활용하여 일차방정식의 해를 구할 때, Home Mode에서 Solve 기능을 이용하여 단순히 결과만을 보는 것 보다 Symbolic Math Guide를 이용하여 풀이 과정을 선택하여 대수적 알고리즘을 형성하면서 해를 구하는 것을 선호하였다. 그리고 학생들의 정의적 및 기능적 측면을 고려해야 할 필요성을 느끼게 되었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.574-582
• /
• 2005

Localization in wireless sensor networks is essential to important network functions such as event detection, geographic routing, and information tracking. Localization is to determine the locations of nodes when node connectivities are given. In this paper, centroid approach known as a distributed algorithm is extended to a centralized algorithm. The centralized algorithm has the advantage of simplicity. but does not have the disadvantage that each unknown node should be in transmission ranges of three fixed nodes at least. The algorithm shows that localization can be formulated to a linear system of equations. We mathematically show that the linear system have a unique solution. The unique solution indicates the locations of unknown nodes are capable of being uniquely determined.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.10
• /
• pp.107-124
• /
• 2000

정보화 시대의 수학 교육은 수학을 체험해 볼 수 있게 하여(Doing Mathematics) 수학적 힘을 향상시키는 데 초점을 두어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 수학의 기본 지식 ${\cdot}$ 추론 능력 ${\cdot}$ 문제 해결력 ${\cdot}$ 수학적 아이디어의 표현 및 교환 능력 그리고 사고의 유연함 ${\cdot}$ 인내 ${\cdot}$ 흥미 ${\cdot}$ 지적 호기심 ${\cdot}$ 창의력을 길러 주는 다양한 교수 ${\cdot}$ 학습 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구는 연립방정식과 일차함수 단원에서 그래핑 계산기를 활용하여 다양한 표상을 통한 수학 개념의 연계지도와 수학 학습 태도 개선을 위한 교수 ${\cdot}$ 학습 모델을 구안 ${\cdot}$ 적용하는 데 주안점을 두고자 한다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.275-295
• /
• 1997

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.501-507
• /
• 2021

Neural networks with differentiable activation functions are differentiable with respect to input variables. We improve the approximation capability of neural networks by using the gradient and Hessian of neural networks to satisfy the differential equations of the problems of interest. We apply differential neural networks to the pricing of financial options, where stochastic differential equations and the Black-Scholes partial differential equation represent the differential relation of price of option and underlying assets, and the first and second derivatives of option price play an important role in financial engineering. The proposed neural network learns - (a) the sample paths of option prices generated by stochastic differential equations and (b) the Black-Scholes equation at each time and asset price. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives accurate option values and the first and second derivatives.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.185-203
• /
• 2010

The level of mathematics study of students may vary depending on the area or contents of school mathematics. The use of Integrated evaluation frame is beneficial for evaluating and utilizing the study situation of mathematics study. In this article, I formulated evaluation table for evaluation by type and by question based on the contents of 'equation of the first degree' and examined mathematics teaching through integrated evaluation based on the two evaluations. It was concluded from this study that the evaluation table I formulated was beneficial for individual mathematic teaching by providing information about the study situation of each student.