• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.124.1-124.1
• /
• 2015

$TiO_2$는 화학적으로 안정하며, 인체에 무해하고, 살균특성 및 각종 유기물에 효과적인 분해력, 안정성 및 내구성들의 장점으로 인해 널리 사용되는 광촉매제로 알려져 있다. 최근 $TiO_2$는 유리에 접촉되는 물방울의 표면장력을 크게 하여 접촉각을 10도 이하로 유지시켜줌으로써 비가 오거나 청소를 위해 살수를 할 때 유리면에 얇은 수막을 형성시켜 광촉매 기능으로 분해된 유기질의 오염물질 및 유리표면과의 결합력이 낮아진 무기질의 오염원을 쉽게 제거해 주는 특성들로 인해 오염방지 코팅제로 많이 활용되고 있다. 그러나, $TiO_2$는 빛이 조사될 경우에만 친수특성을 나타낸다는 단점들이 있어 본 연구에서는 $TiO_2$에 $SnO_2$를 혼합한 박막을 증착하여 신뢰성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 또한 기존 $TiO_2$ 코팅막들이 주로 spray 또는 blade 방식으로 코팅되어 코팅된 막이 낮은 균일성과 내구성을 가지므로 본 연구에서는 RF-Magnetron Sputtering 방법을 이용하여 유리 기판위에 $(TiO_2)50(SnO_2)50$ 박막을 증착하였다. 제작된 박막은 유리에 적용될 경우를 감안해 광학적 특성을 분석하기 위해 Uv-vis Spectrometer 장비를 이용하여 투과율을 분석하였으며, $SnO_2$ 혼합에 따른 구조적 특성으로 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electric Microscope, SEM)을 통하여 박막의 결정상을 분석하였으며, 주사탐침현미경(Atomic Force Microscope, AFM)을 사용하여 표면 거칠기를 관찰하였다. 또한 광촉매 특성을 통한 친수성을 알아보기 위해 UV 램프를 사용한 후 접촉각을 측정하였다.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2012

There has been increased interest for building energy-saving for worldwide. There is continuing research on IT technology for efficient management of BEMS. Recently, It be able to control of LED and to maximize energy savings to the development of LED lighting technology. We propose the security image processing system to improve efficiency and we implement the real-time status monitoring system to surveil the object in the building energy management system. In this paper, we proposed the system of LED control using IP camera and Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model for BEMS. We implement LED light control software on the based of the security camera image processing so the reliable controling based on the security camera is possible efficiently.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.253-269
• /
• 1999

1. Purpose We know that Sasang Constitution is decided by difference of Sung-Jung(性情). Lee je-ma emphasized that Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) and Sung-Jung is important key. So, this paper is to know that the characteristics of constitutional symptoms also is explained by Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul and Sung-Jung, to find sequence between Sung-Jung and symptoms. 2. Method Through the Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul, decision of Sasang constitution and physiologics of Jang-Bu(臟腑), each the inerior-exterior characteristics of constitutional symptoms were researched. 3. Results It is found that structual characteristics of interior-exterior, in-out(內外), upper-town(上下) and functional characteristics of Warm-Hot-Cool-Cold(寒熱溫凉), ascent-descent-unfast-fast(升降援束), large-small(大小) are based on Sung-Jung and the summarizing spirit Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2016.11a
• /
• pp.121-121
• /
• 2016

치아는 인체중에서도 혹한 환경에서 부분으로 높은 하중과 타액과 같은 강 부식성 매체로 그 환경이 상상을 초월한다. 즉 반복적으로 가해지는 하중(응력)과 침식을 유발하는 타액과 음식물 등이다. 따라서 치아가 쉽게 파괴되거나 썩는 현상이 나타나게 된다. 이렇게 사용되다가 치아의 역할을 다하게 되면 인공치아를 사용하게 되는데 그 재료가 바로 타이타늄(Ti)이다. 생체매식재로 사용되는 Ti는 반응성이 높아 산소와 쉽게 결합하여 표면에 TiO, $TiO_2$, 및 $Ti_2O_3$와 같은 산화피막을 표면에 형성함으로써 뛰어난 부식저항성과 생체적합성을 가지며 생체에 독성이 없고 탄성계수가 골과 비슷하여 골과 임플란트 경계면에서 응력분산에 유리한 성질 등 물리적, 기계적 성질이 뛰어나 외과용 임플란트 재료로 가장 좋은 재료이다. 금속 임플란트의 생체적합도는 임플란트 재료 자체보다는 생체 내 산화막이 화학적으로 불안정할 때 부식이 발생하게 되고 그 결과 금속이온이 주위로 유리되어 조직반응을 일으키므로 금속의 표면을 덮고 있는 산화막에 의해 좌우된다. Ti는 생체불활성재료로서 매식재료로 사용할 경우 뼈와 잘 융합되는 골유착을 나타내나 골과 화학적결합은 하지 않고 골형성을 적극적으로 유도하지 못함으로 환자의 치유기간이 길어지게 된다. 이러한 이유로 골조직내 임플란트의 접합을 개선하기위한 연구가 이루어져 골과의 결합을 높이기 위해 골유착을 일으키는 Ti에 골성장을 유도하는 뼈성분인 하이드록시 아파타이트(HA)라는 물질을 플라즈마 코팅법을 사용하던가 아니면 Hanks' solution내에서 침적 후 HA도금을 하는 방법 등으로 처리하고 있다. 그러나 플라즈마 코팅법은 고온에서 처리를 행하고 Hanks' solution내에 침적할 경우 Ti표면에 밀착도가 저하되거나 합금의 상변화 등으로 인하여 표면처리 과정 중에서 내식성이 크게 감소될 수 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 코팅법을 통하여 골 유착을 증진시키기 위한 연구는 계속되고 있지만 임상적으로 사용 후 문제가 단시일에 발생되는 것도 아니고 수년이 지나야 나타나게 된다. 이러한 방법으로 코팅을 하게 되면 골과 잘 유착이 되어 자연차아와 같은 기능을 하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 최소화하는 방법이 나노구조를 표면에 형성시켜 골유착을 쉽게 함으로써 이를 개선할 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 강의에서는 임플란트의 문제와 사용되는 재료에 대하여 고찰하여 자연치아를 대체 할 수 있는지 알아보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.52-52
• /
• 2011

PLA 섬유는 폴리머의 주성분이 옥수수에서 추출한 모노머를 중합한 화학섬유가 아닌 인체친화적인 식물성 소재이며 생분해성이 좋은 친환경 소재로 최근 주목받고 있는 섬유소재이다. 본 연구에서는 아토피완화용 여러 섬유 구조체 개발에서 사용되는 섬유소재중 PLA 원사에 항균성 물질을 혼입하여 PLA 항균사 제조를 위한 연구를 수행하였다. PLA Grade의 점도가 낮아질수록 Grade별 용융 지수값은 차이를 나타내지만 방사온도 $230^{\circ}C$를 변곡점으로 하여 용융점도가 급격히 변하였으며, 특히 방사온도 $240^{\circ}C$의 경우 용융지수가 100을 넘어가고 폴리머의 색깔이 황갈색을 띄어 폴리머의 열분해가 많이 일어났을 것으로 판단되었다. PLA의 적정 방사온도 구간은 $210{\sim}225^{\circ}C$ 구간이 최적이며 그 이상에서는 Color 변화 및 물성 저하가 나타나는 것으로 판단되었다. 항균성 PLA 섬유를 제조하기 위하여 피톤치드계 유기항균제를 이용하였으며, 피톤치드에 기능성 엘라스토머를 사용하여 Capsulation을 진행하였다. 이러한 유기항균제 Powder의 경우 비중이 낮아 표면적로 인하여 마스터배치 칩을 만드는 공정에서 잘 혼합되지 않는 문제점이 발생하였으나, 피톤치드의 함량을 조절하여 PLA와의 마스터배치 칩 제조를 시험하였다. 압출온도와 토출량, Screw 조건(Mixing, Zone)을 시험하여 적정 조건을 설정하였다. 항균사 PLA 섬유는 Sheath/Core 복합방사 형태와 단독사 형태의 2가지 Type을 제조하였다. Sheath/Core 복합방사 폴리머 구성은 Sheath부에 PLA항균사, Core부에 PLA 또는 저융점 PET를 사용하였다. Core부의 폴리머는 제사성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 항균 마스터배치의 함량이 증가할수록 Pack압 상승이 급격히 일어나는 단점이 나타났다. 항균제 5% 정도가 혼입되어 있는 경우에 2.1 이상의 정균활성치와 99.8% 정도의 정균감소율 성능을 나타내었다. PLA 단독사의 경우, 항균제 최적 함량은 3% 이상으로 정균활성치 5.5 이상, 정균감소율 99.9%의 우수한 항균특성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 1998

3D medical image reconstruction techniques are useful to figure out complex 3D structures from the set of 2D sections. In the paper, 3D medical image reconstruction system is constructed under PC environment and programmed based on modular programming by using Visual C++ 4.2. The whole procedures are composed of data preparation, gradient estimation, classification, shading, transformation and ray-casting & compositing. Three speed optimization techniques are used for accelerating 3D medical image reconstruction technique. One is to reduce the rays when cast rays to reconstruct 3D medical image, another is to reduce the voxels to be calculated and the other is to apply early ray termination. To implement 3D medical image reconstruction system based on PC, speed optimization techniques are experimented and applied.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2021

This paper is a study on the implementation of smart filter system that recognizes the external environment and automatically removes pollutants according to pollution level. Recently, the occurrence of various pollutants in indoor and outdoor space has adversely affected the human body. Especially, various fine dust generated in the atmosphere becomes worse in closed residential space or office space. Although air pollution can be temporary lowered through ventilation, it is difficult to respond to fine dust changes in real time, and such problems become serious in the space where many people reside, such as at home or industry. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the pollution level of fine dust inside the residential space in real time and to reduce the pollution of indoor ventilation through automatic ventilation with the outside. To improve these problems, this paper proposes the implementation of smart filter system for external environment recognition. The structure of smart filter system that automatically measures air quality inside and outside, removes pollutants, implements the function, and confirms the operability by manufacturing prototypes. Finally, the effectiveness of the smart filter system for solving fine dust problems was examined.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.38
• /
• pp.71-91
• /
• 2015

This study is a process to study the life drawing teaching method considering professional characteristics in animation and has a study objective to design the model and teaching method which applies the strategies considering the creative mechanism of the brain. Recently, study results about integrated teaching method are being announced which apply brain based learning principles as the alternative arguments about teaching methods in each area based on creativeness. In other words, integrated education based on creative mechanism in the brain is applied not only to fine arts and drawing education, but also to the entire areas of the arts. Life drawing is an area which demands comprehensive teaching method that vivid expressions could be skillfully obtained by understanding the communication methods with the objects through cognitive senses, creativeness and movements beyond the structural knowledge about human body. Therefore in this study, the strategies and methods for the skillfulness of life drawing and consequently arranged education model structure drawing are to be designed based on the creativeness, study materials and content factors which were analyzed in previous stages of this study. In order to combine the content factors based on creativeness and study materials of the brain which are the results of previous studies, the conclusion has been reached that 5 step cognitive strategy stages to wake brain senses, flexibilize the brain, purify the brain, integrate the brain and become the master of the brain. Strategic methods to execute this were designed with brain gym, right brain energization drawing and HSP(high-level cognizance) training. Teaching and learning model structure diagram which is designed based on this is to be continued to teaching and learning guidelines during the relevant semesters after the research.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.894-903
• /
• 2003

Protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury is crucial for successful transplantation of the lung. It has been known that nitric oxide has many favorable effects on the donor lungs but at the same time, has some potential side effects of cytotoxicity. In this regards, we investigated whether the administration of nitroglycerin could decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat lung reperfusion model for the confirmation of the effect of nitroglycerin, a donor of nitric oxide, on lung transplantation. Material and Method: 35 Sprague-Dawley species male white rats were used for this experiment. For nitroglycerin group (n=18), nitroglycerin was administered intravenously followed by mixed in flushing solution for preservation. As a control group (n=17), we used the same amount of normal saline. To evaluate the effect of nitroglycerin on the lung, heart-lung block was obtained, weighed and stored in University of Wisconsin Solution at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. In each group of the isolated lungs, reperfusion was carried out with Krebs-Hensleit-diluted human blood for 60 minutes. As parameters of the state of the isolated lung, peak inspiratory and pulmonary arterial pressures were continuously recorded. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tension of reperfusing blood were measured before and after 30, 60 minutes of reperfusion. After sixty minutes of reperfusion, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured also for the evaluation of the degree of alveolar flooding. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was determined to verify the accumulation of neutrophils. Results: Although statistically significant differences were not noted in peak inspiratory and pulmonary arterial pressure between control and nitroglycerin group, latter group showed lowering tendency of pulmonary arterial pressure during the entire reperfusion period. Oxygen tension was higher (p<0.05) in nitroglycerin group compared with that of the control group, in contrast, there were no differences in carbon dioxide tension, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity between the groups. In the examination of ultrastructural changes, nitroglycerin denoted the protective effect on the pulmonary architecture compared with that of control group. Conclusion: Collectively, on the bases of these experimental results, prior treatment of donor lung with nitroglycerin could result in better preservation of the lung. Consequently, these nitroglycerin preserved lungs are thought to be more suitable for successful transplantation of the lung.