• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.211-211
• /
• 2010

지난 수년간 비휘발성 메모리는 휴대용 전자기기 시장의 증가로 인해 많은 주목을 받아왔다. 그러나 현재 주로 쓰이고 있는 다결정 실리콘을 부유게이트층을 이용한 소자는 한계점을 보이고 있다. 이러한 이유로 최근에는 반도체 나노점이나 금속 나노점을 이용하는 비휘발성 메모리가 각광을 받고 있다. 이 메모리들은 빠른 쓰기/지우기 속도, 긴 저장시간, 낮은 구동전압 등의 이점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이온빔 스퍼터링 방법을 이용해 $SiO_2$/Zr nanodots (ND)/$SiO_2$ trilayer 구조를 제작하였다. tunnel oxide와 control oxide의 두께는 각각 3nm, 15nm 이며 Zr의 양을 변화시키며 그에 따른 Zr ND과 메모리 효과의 변화를 관찰하였다. 고분해능 전자현미경과 광전자 분광기를 이용해 Zr ND의 형성을 확인하였고 열처리 후 $ZrO_2$ ND로 상이 변화함을 관찰하였다. -10 ~ +10V의 측정 조건 하에서 Zr의 양이 증가함에 따라 메모리 폭은 최대 5.8V까지 증가하였다. 또한 쓰기 상태에서 메모리 폭과 전하 손실비율은 열처리 후가 감소하였고 이는 $SiO_2$와 Zr ND의 계면에서 생성되는 $ZrO_2$의 영향인 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2019

As a solution to the growing concern on the global warming, researches are being actively carried out to apply carbon dioxide capture and storage technology to power generation systems. In this study, the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) adopting oxy-combustion carbon capture was modeled and the effect of replacing the conventional air separation unit (ASU) with the ion transport membrane (ITM) on the net system efficiency was analyzed. The ITM-based system was predicted to consume less net auxiliary power owing to an additional nitrogen expander. Even with a regular pressure ratio which is 21, the ITM-based system would provide a higher net efficiency than the optimized ASU-based system which should be designed with a very high pressure ratio around 90. The optimal net efficiency of the ITM-based system is more than 3% higher than that of the ASU-based system. The influence of the operating pressure and temperature of the ITM on system efficiency was predicted to be marginal.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.505-510
• /
• 2019

Zn-ion supercapacitors (ZICs) show high energy densities with long cycling life for use in electronic devices. Porous Zn electrodes as anodes for ZICs are fabricated by chemical etching process using optimized conditions. The structures, morphologies, chemical bonding states, porous structure, and electrochemical behavior are examined. The optimized porous Zn electrode shows a root mean square of roughness of 173 nm and high surface area of $153{\mu}m^2$. As a result, ZIC using the optimized porous Zn electrode presents excellent electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of $399F\;g^{-1}$ at current density of $0.5A\;g^{-1}$, high-rate performance ($79F\;g^{-1}$ at a current density of $10.0A\;g^{-1}$), and outstanding cycling stability (99 % after 1,500 cycles). The development of energy storage performance using synergistic effects of high roughness and high surface area is due to increased electroactive sites by surface functionalization of Zn electrode. Thus, our strategy will lead to a rational design and contribute to next-generation supercapacitors in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2020

Hypergolic propellants have been widely used for space propulsion systems based their long-term storability and high ignition reliability. Since conventional hypergolic propellants are highly toxic and carcinogenic, handling and operating costs are significant. To overcome the drawbacks, numerous studies have been actively performed to develope new hypergolic propellants, ensuring that the combinations are high performance, low toxicity and low environmental impact. In the present study, a comprehensive survey was conducted to summarize the research and development of green hypergolic propellants involving hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and ionic liquids.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 2021

As accidents with thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries occur sporadically, the safety concern is the main obstacle that hinders the large-scale applications of lithium ion batteries. In most accidents, the TR of a single cell occurred first, and then dissipated the heat to the surroundings and triggered the TR of adjacent cells, resulting in TR propagation. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of TR propagation and determine the key parameters during TR propagation in a battery pack. In this study, we performed a numerical analysis on the thermal runaway phenomenon by cathode active materials and appearance sizes in cylindrical lithium-ion batteries using a two-dimensional analysis model. The model results showed that the TR propagation of 21700 type cells (21 mm diameter, 70 mm height) occurs more rapidly than 46800 type cells (46 mm diameter, 80 mm height) and the LFP cell has higher thermal safety than the NCM cell. Especially, we found that the effect of the separator on the occurrence of TR is negligible.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2021

화석연료의 과도한 사용으로 유발된 기후변화 문제를 해결하기 위해 대체에너지의 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 가운데 재생가능하며 친환경적인 수소에너지가 실현가능한 궁극적 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 다양한 수소 생산 기술 중 물의 전기분해를 이용한 수전해 기술은 온실가스와 같은 오염물질을 배출하지 않으며 재생에너지와 연계하여 미이용 전력을 대용량 장주기로 저장할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 수전해 장치는 수소와 산소를 발생하는 전극과 기체의 섞임을 방지하고 이온을 전달하는 분리막으로 구성되며 그 중 분리막은 수전해 장치의 효율과 안정성을 결정짓는 핵심 부품이다. 본 총설에서는 수전해 기술 중 저온 수전해에 해당하는 알칼라인 수전해(alkaline water electrolysis), 고분자전해질막 수전해(polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis)와 음이온교환막 수전해(anion exchange membrane water electrolysis)에 사용되는 분리막에 대한 특성을 분석하고 최근 연구 동향에 대해서 다루고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2021.01a
• /
• pp.201-204
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 휴대 할 수 있는 선형 LED 전광봉으로 2차원 LED 전광판 효과의 구현을 시도하였다. 전광봉을 회전하면 전광판의 효과가 나도록 구성한 것으로, adafruit의 스트립(strip) 형 네오픽셀(NeoPixel) 1 × 16 LED으로 형성되는 구조물을 만들고, 이를 제어 할 수 있는 회로와 제어 프로그램을 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현한 전광봉은 큰 전력 소모에도 문제없도록 리튬 이온 충전지를 이용하여 전원이 공급되도록 하여 휴대성을 구현하였고, 블루투스 칩이 부착된 아두이노를 이용하여 하드웨어 구성을 완료하였다. 아두이노에는 C++를 이용하여 전광봉으로 전광판 효과를 볼 수 있도록 LED들을 통제하는 제어용 프로그램을 구성하였을 뿐 아니라 블루투스를 이용한 스마트 폰과 통신할 수 있는 프로그램을 구현하였다. 대략 6도 단위로 LED가 제어 되도록 하여 1회전에 16 × 60 정도의 전광판 효과를 볼 수 있다. 스마트 폰에는 원하는 전광판을 구성할 수 있도록 색상 팔레트 형성 기능과, 통제용 전광판의 크기를 결정 기능, 크기가 결정된 전광판에서 원하는 색으로 홍보용 내용이 불이 켜질 수 있도록 전광판 구성 기능, 구성된 전광판 자료를 CSV(Comma Separate Value) 파일로 저장하고, 전광봉으로 보낼 수 있는 기능을 구성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2007

The effects of phenolic acids on inhibition of browning by the Maillard reaction were investigated with a glucose-glutamic acid model for doenjang with citric acid as the antibrowning agent and phenolic acid as its synergist. Five phenolic acids, cinnamic, coumaric, caffeic, hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids, were used. In order to investigate the antibrowning capacity, 0.1M glucose, 0.1M glutamic acid, 50mM citric acid, and 1mM phenolic acid were dissolved in 1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), heated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24hr in the presence of 0.2mM $FeCl_{2}$, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$ for four weeks. Phenolic acid addition more efficiently inhibited browning during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $4^{\circ}C$, without changes in pH. Hydroxybenzoic acid was the most efficient and increased the antibrowning capacity by 13% compared to sample without phenolic acids. Although caffeic and protocatechuic acids inhibited most the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone or fluorescence, they increased browning by forming colored complexes between two hydroxy groups of phenolic acids and iron ions. Hydroxybenzoic acid will be able to be a useful synergist of citric acid, an antibrowning agent in doenjang, since it is permitted for doenjang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 1997

The physical and chemical stability of anthocyanins from a Korean pigmented rice variety was investigated at various conditions of pH, temperature, metal ion, sugar, organic acid and light. The anthocyanin pigments were relatively stable with half-lives of 36 days (pH 2.0) and 17 days (pH 3.0), while they were decomposed in a day at neutral and basic pH of 7.0 and 9.0 at $25^{\circ}C$. The anthocyanins also showed high thermal stability at pH 3.0; the half-lives were 7.4 hr, 23.6 hr and 96.3 hr at $95^{\circ}C,\;75^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}$, respectively. Addition of di- and tri-valent metal ions at pH 3.0 resulted in the increase of color intensity and stability throughout 21 days of storage periods at $25^{\circ}C$. Most sugars added accelerated the degradation of anthocyanin pigments, so that fructose showed the greatest degradation effect on the pigments. Addition of citric acid at pH 3.0 increased stability of anthocyanins, while tartaric acid decreased stability. The anthocyanins were very sensitive on light irradiation with a degradation half-life of 14 hr under 20,000 lux-light dosage at pH 3.0.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.141-158
• /
• 2004

The dependency of criteria used to terminate compatibility tests on the prehydration and quality of bentonite in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) is evaluated based on permeation with chemical solutions containing 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mM calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$). The hydraulic conductivity tests are not terminated before chemical equilibrium between the effluent and the influent chemistry has been established, resulting in test durations ranging from < 1 day to > 900 days, with longer test durations associated with lower $CaCl_2$ concentrations. The evaluation includes both physical termination criteria (i.e., volumetric flow ratio and steady hydraulic conductivity based on ASTM D 5084, ${\ge}2$ pore volumes of flow, constant thickness of specimen) and chemical termination criteria requiring equilibrium between influent and effluent chemistry (viz., electrical conductivity, pH, and $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Cl^-$ concentrations). For specimens permeated with 5, 10, and 20 mM $CaCl_2$ solutions, only the criterion based on chemical equilibrium in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration correlates well with equilibrium in hydraulic conductivity, regardless of prehydration or quality of bentonite. However, all of the termination criteria, except for the volumetric flow ratio and 2 pore volumes of flow for the prehydrated specimens, correlate well with equilibrium in hydraulic conductivity regardless of prehydration or quality of bentonite when permeated with 50 and 100 mM $CaCl_2$ solutions. The results illustrate the uniqueness of the termination criterion based on solute concentration equilibrium between the effluent and the influent with respect to both prehydration and quality of bentonite in the GCLs.