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Dependency of Compatibility Termination Criteria on Prehydration and Bentonite Quality for Geosynthetic Clay Liners  

Lee Jae-Myung (Dept. of Civil Engrg., Colorado State Univ.)
Shackelford Charles D. (EPA Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center(RMRHSRC), Dept. of Civil Engrg., Colorado State Univ.)
Choi Jae-Soon (Dept. of Civil Engrg., Yonsei Univ.)
Jung Moon-Kyung (Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT))
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society / v.20, no.7, 2004 , pp. 141-158 More about this Journal
Abstract
The dependency of criteria used to terminate compatibility tests on the prehydration and quality of bentonite in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) is evaluated based on permeation with chemical solutions containing 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mM calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$). The hydraulic conductivity tests are not terminated before chemical equilibrium between the effluent and the influent chemistry has been established, resulting in test durations ranging from < 1 day to > 900 days, with longer test durations associated with lower $CaCl_2$ concentrations. The evaluation includes both physical termination criteria (i.e., volumetric flow ratio and steady hydraulic conductivity based on ASTM D 5084, ${\ge}2$ pore volumes of flow, constant thickness of specimen) and chemical termination criteria requiring equilibrium between influent and effluent chemistry (viz., electrical conductivity, pH, and $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Cl^-$ concentrations). For specimens permeated with 5, 10, and 20 mM $CaCl_2$ solutions, only the criterion based on chemical equilibrium in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration correlates well with equilibrium in hydraulic conductivity, regardless of prehydration or quality of bentonite. However, all of the termination criteria, except for the volumetric flow ratio and 2 pore volumes of flow for the prehydrated specimens, correlate well with equilibrium in hydraulic conductivity regardless of prehydration or quality of bentonite when permeated with 50 and 100 mM $CaCl_2$ solutions. The results illustrate the uniqueness of the termination criterion based on solute concentration equilibrium between the effluent and the influent with respect to both prehydration and quality of bentonite in the GCLs.
Keywords
Bentonite quality; Chemical equilibrium; Geosynthetic clay liners; Hydraulic conductivity; Prehydration; Termination criteria;
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