• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-35
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• 2007

In the last decades, the decrease in biological or chemical availability of sorbed contaminants as contact time passed, is generally accepted. This phenomenon so called as "aging" or "sequestration" is known to directly affect risk of the contaminats. This was observed for mainly for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), but also reported for heavy metals. Aging is known to be directly related to sorption-desorption hysteresis, irreversible sorption, desorption-resistance, nonequilibrium sorption, etc. The decrease in bioavailability due to aging or sequestration indicates realistic decrease in risk potential. Recently a risk-based management concept by scientific evidences but not the simple measurement of contaminant concentration has been attempted to determine environmentally acceptable remedial endpoint. This is because selection of remedial endpoint based on not total concentration but the bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants can reduce both the treatment cost and remedial activities of the contaminated sites. The bioavailability and toxicity of the residual contaminants are highly affected by the fate and transport and also directly affect the exposure pathways and bioaccumulation of contaminants in the living biota. In this paper, scientific feasibility on the risk-based clean-up and management of contaminated sites is reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.178-193
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• 2006

기업들이 고객에 대해 관심을 가지는 이유는 고객관계관리(CRM: customer relationship management)의 중요성이 그 어느 때 보다도 강조되고 있기 때문이며, 또한 강력한 고객관계가 기업의 경쟁우위를 위한 주요 수단이 되고 있음을 지각하고 있기 때문이다. 특히 인터넷 쇼핑몰에 대한 고객의 충성행위는 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 제공하는 다양한 상품 및 서비스와 더불어 성공적인 고객관계를 위해서는 매우 중요하다. 또한 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 입장에서는 여러 가지 다양한 서비스를 인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용 고객에게 제공함으로써 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 이용하는 고객들에 대한 신뢰와 몰입을 증가시킴으로써 인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용 고객들로 하여금 인터넷 쇼핑몰에 대해 높은 충성도를 가지게 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용 고객에 대한 고객충성행위를 신뢰형성요인, 몰입형성요인, 신뢰, 몰입이라는 측면에서 설명하고자 하였다. 즉, 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 신뢰형성요인(능력, 호의성, 무결성)이 신뢰에 영향을 미치고, 몰입형성요인(촉진정보, 상호작용성, 쇼핑몰디자인)이 몰입에 영향을 미친다. 그리고 신뢰는 몰입과 고객충성행위에, 몰입은 고객충성행위에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제안하고 이를 인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용 경험이 있는 고객들을 대상으로 실증적으로 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면 제안모델은 수용가능한 모델적합도를 보여 주었으며, 또한 본 연구에서 제시한 9개의 가설 모두가 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보여주었다. 특히 신뢰는 신뢰형성요인(능력, 호의성, 무결성)과 고객충성행위사이에 매개변수의 역할을 수행하고있으며, 몰입은 몰입형성요인(촉진정보, 상호작용성, 쇼핑몰디자인)과 고객충성행위사이 그리고 신뢰와 고객충성행위사이에 매개변수의 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다.동지역의 고기후를 해석함으로써 고기후적 및 고생태학적 의미를 연구해 보고자 하였다.에서는 시스템 등급에 영향을 준다. 향후에는 더욱 더 다양한 상호의존 모델들이 정량화될 필요성이 있다고 본다. 진행하였다. 줄여서 보다 더 정확하고, 지능적인 규칙구성요소 추출 방법론을 제시하고 구현하여 지식관리자의 규칙습득에 대한 부담을 줄여 주고자 한다. 도움을 받을 수 있게 되었다.을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다..20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-45
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explain experiences of non-music majors to changing their majors into music therapy and to provide the preliminary study for deriving a grounded theory. For that, in-depth interviews were performed targeting 5 students who did not major in music in their undergraduate courses selected from the graduate students who are majoring in music therapy at the colleges located in Seoul. Data was analyzed for the study by applying the modified grounded theory. The result of study showed that they selected the course of music therapy career as they were motivated by the realistic demand for future employment, career potentials and other realistic causes. These factors caused them to study the surrounding situations and conduct the detailed research on the possibility of music therapy. These factors were also dependent on the individual characteristics, external elements and music background. These experiences were connected to the self-integration and pursuit of growth by newly setting their relation to the 'Music Child'. In addition, the demand of being the meaningful existence in relationship also affected them to more specify their aspirations in the progress of career selection on a continual basis. This study is meaningful as it provides the actual information on them.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.377-392
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• 2015

In today's data-driven society, we've been hearing a great deal about the power of Big Data over the last couple of years. At the same time, it has become the most important issue that the problems is caused by the data collection, management and utilization. Moreover, Big Data has a wide applications ranging from situation awareness, decision-making to the area to enable for the foreseeable future with man-made and analysis of data. It is necessary to process data into meaningful information given that the huge amount of structured and unstructured data being created in the private and the public sector, even in disaster management. This data should be public and private sector at the same time for the appropriate linkage analysis for effective disaster management. In this paper, we conducted a literature review and case study efficient Big Data to derive the revitalization of national disaster management. The study obtained data on the role and responsibility of the public sector and the private sector to leverage Big Data for promotion of national disaster management plan. Both public and private sectors should promote common development challenges related to the openness and sharing of Big Data, technology and expansion of infrastructure, legal and institutional maintenance. The implications of the finding were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

A three layered neural network model was developed using back propagation algorithm to estimate the UU undrained shear strength of Korean soft soil based on the database of actual undrained shear strengths and piezocone measurements compiled from 8 sites over the Korea. The developed model was validated by comparing model predictions with measured values about new piezocone data, which were not previously employed during development of model. Performance of the neural network model was also compared with conventional empirical methods. It was found that the number of neuron in hidden layer is different for the different combination of transfer functions of neural network models. However, all piezocone neural network models are successful in inferring a complex relationship between piezocone measurements and the undrained shear strength of Korean soft soils, which give relatively high coefficients of determination ranging from 0.69 to 0.72. Since neural network model has been generalized by self-learning from database of piezocone measurements and undrained shear strength over the various sites, the developed neural network models give more precise and generally reliable undrained shear strengths than empirical approaches which still need site specific calibration.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.153-179
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to explore the context dependencies of perceived product typicality and favorableness led by typicality. Major findings and their marketing implications are as follow. First of all, while the typicality effect were evident in simle choice sets which consist of typical product and atypical one, entrance of extreme atypical product eroded the favorableness toward typical product. This implies that competitive advantage of pioneering typical brand can not be sustained when choice set is enlarged with entrance of distinctive atypical brands. Secondly, adding attractive and unattractive common attributes to all the products in choice set reduced the difference among perceived typicality of alternative brands. But added attractive common feature was analyzed to enhance favorableness of both typical brand and extreme atypical product. This finding implies that brands should have distinctive identity to be benefited from competitive adding features among brands with the evolution of market. Finally, when consumers expect to provide the explanation and justification for their evaluations and choices to others, they are shown to prefer and choose typical product which is effective to explain their reasons and to persuade others for their choice. This can be interpreted as consumers favor and choose conventional typical alternatives when they should justify their decision to others as with symbolic and expressive products and public and organizational buying.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.783-790
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• 2007

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit various extracellular signals into the cells. Upon binding of the ligands, conformational changes in the extracellular and/or transmembrane (TM) domains of CPCRs were propagated into the cytoplasmic (CP) domain of the molecule leading to the activation of their cognate heterotrimeric C proteins and kinases. Constitutively active GPCR mutants causing the activation of C Protein signaling even in the absence of ligand binding are of interest for the study of activation mechanism of GPCRs. Two classes of constitutively active mutations, categorized by their effects on the salt bridge between Ell3 and K296, were found in the TM domain of rhodopsin. Opsin mutants containing combinations of the mutations were constructed to study the conformational changes required for the activation of rhodopsin. Rhodopsin chromophore regenerated with 11-cis-retinal showed a thermal stability inversely correlated with its constitutive activity. In contrast, rhodopsin mutants exhibited a binding affinity to an agonist, all-trans-retinal, in a constitutive activity-dependent manner. In order to test whether the conformational changes responsible for the activation of trans-ducin (Gt) are the same as the conformation required for the recognition of rhodopsin kinase, analysis of the mutants were carried out with phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase. Rhodopsin mutants containing combinations of different classes of the mutations showed a strong synergistic effect on the phosphorylation of the mutants in the dark as similar to that of Gt activation. The results suggest that at least two or three kinds of segmental and independent conformational changes are required for the activation of rhodopsin and the conformational changes responsible for activating rhodopsin kinase and Gt are similar to each other.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

This article considered generally gradational change aspect, character of community for the tombs of the Three kingdoms prepared by some certain homogenous groups. It was completed by tracing the transfering process to grasp character of social structure and organizing System in the community. For this reason, it's analyzed that Wooden chamber tomb was formed in some certain Time-Space of the Yaksadong Buk-dong archaeological site in the Three Kingdom Period. Constructed group was distinguished by the five classes. So perhaps scale of Wooden chamber and sort, material of burial relics, the top layer and the upper layer were established two status those are active the ruling class led the Wooden chamber tomb's society, the general public hold a large majority from the middle class to the lowest class. And it depends on age(nonage-adult) that differed in relation of arrangement, character. It's changed with function or roles, property, purpose etc. of social community in accordance with these individual position, age. Received signification, value of social status were considered with social worth, faith. Members in a community had been conducted under premeditated, organised system for common target, relatedness. Also it seems to attempt organization's own maintenance, persistiveness in norms that given at common law. To do that, relation for combination between members who consisted systems had to be organic. The relation for combination was considered to form relation for the much larger community in based on blood relationship that most vital part. One social structure had established family(house, household) community in based on individual blood relationship, family communities gather up to develop into relative(blood relative, same race) community gradually. Furthermore, relative(blood relative, same race) communities, that focus on the public good gather up to develop into social community in based on regionalism. It's considered to go through the Development Process of family(house, household) community - relative(blood relative, same race) community - social community.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2019

A decontamination technology for radioactive liquid wastes was newly developed and hypothetically applied to the liquid waste management system (LWMS) of the nuclear power plant (NPP) to evaluate its decontamination efficacy for the purpose of the fundamental reduction of spent resins. The basic principle of the developed technology is to convert major radionuclide ions in the liquid wastes into inorganic crystal minerals via chemical or biological techniques. In a laboratory batch experiment, the biological method selectively removed more than 80% of cesium within 24 hours, and the chemical method removed more than 95% of cesium. Other major nuclides (Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Eu), which are commonly present in nuclear radioactive liquid wastes, were effectively scavenged by more than 99%. We have designed a module including the new technology that could be hypothetically installed between the reverse osmosis (R/O) package and the organic ion-exchange resin in the LWMS of the APR1400 reactor. From a technical evaluation for the virtual installation, we found that more than 90% of major radionuclides in the radioactive liquid wastes were selectively removed, resulting in a large volume reduction of spent resins. This means that if the new technology is commercialized in the future, it could possibly provide drastic cost reduction and significant extension of the life of resins in the management of spent resins, consequently leading to delay the saturation time of the Wolsong repository.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

S&OP(Sales and Operations Planning) is an ongoing process of periodic planning, reviewing, and evaluation through the involvement of all key stakeholders. Within this process, performance is regularly reviewed and early warning signals are generated, so that the company can react quickly to changing market and operational environment. This paper presents a framework for effective S&OP for fair alignment, accountability, teamwork, visibility, and risk management. This framework focuses on supply chain information governance, level of information sharing through S&OP, role of S&OP as coordination mechanism, APS effectivesness as a planning tool and SCM performance. In addition, a brief case study on the operating characteristics of S&OP at three Korean firms is presented. Implications of the study finding are also provided. It will also make companies that are considering the introduction of S&OP aware of the importance of S&OP, which will provide practical guidelines for the introduction of S&OP.