• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

This study attempts to specifically analyze green volume and scenery characteristics by classifying the streets in Seoul and suggest improvements accordingly. The subject streets for research were limited to those that have high occupancy ratio and are wide enough to have a big potential in improving green volume. In terms of green volume and scenery according to the types of streets, Platanus occidentalis and Ginkgo biloba were most common regardless of the street type, and the green ratio was 51.6% in residential areas, 50.4% in commercial areas, and 43.7% in business areas. Apart from the residential area, there was almost no green areas, and the ratio of green coverage was 71.0% in business areas, 64.0% in green areas, 37.3% in residential areas, and 36.2% in commercial areas, while the green volume coefficient was $1.9m^3/m^2$ on average. Based on the study results, it was set as a goal to provide the residential areas with a green community space and flowering trees throughout the year for scenery, and commercial areas with flowering trees and maples to emphasize the stores' image while not interfering with service and walking. For business areas, the goals were to improve green ratio and create streets that suit the urban image, and to set up spaces to provide habitat for wild animals with multi-layer planting and link to surrounding forests.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

Recently, global economy has recovered and aspects of the renewable energy industry in the global competition is more fierce, the new growth engines of the major countries, including the United States and China, industry promotion policy as being deployed. Major advanced countries and Korea also invested a lot of money to wind power development as a part of renewable energy development and promoting the construction of wind power generation. The global wind power generation market is expected to further increase the scale to about 70 billion US dollars, thus, Korea as well as the installation of domestic wind power overseas actively considering. This study uses input-output analysis to estimate the role of wind power generation sector exports national economy. More specifically, this study shows what national economy effect of production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are explored with demand-driven moel. After define wind power generation sector what small sized of Input-Output table 168 sectors among 11 sectors, this study pays particular and close attention to wind power generation sector by taking the sector as exogenous specification and then investigating economic impacts of it. The wind power generation exportation case of overseas 100 billion won, production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are 205 billion won, 68 billion won and 1,054 persons, respectively. These quantitative information can be usefully utilized in the policy-making for the industrialization of wind power generation exports.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

We identified the diversity, geographical distribution, ecological characteristics of birds, trees, and flowers species designated as local government symbols as a means for understanding public awareness on biodiversity. A total of 114 species including 48 birds, 40 flowers, 36 tree species belonging to 40 orders 59 families 90 genus were designated as natural symbols. Pica pica (L.) in birds, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. among flowers, have also been designated as symbols. The tree Ginkgo biloba L. was designated with the highest frequency. Local governments located coastal area were selected bird species of the Laridae family and the tree species Camellia japonica L., of Pinaceae as their natural symbols. In contrast, local governments located inland have designated resident bird species such as P. pica and Columba rupestris (Pallas) and flower species from the Ericaceae as natural symbols widely distributed and easily observed throughout South Korea. However, many local governments have designated the same species as a natural symbol based on their size color and public appeal and popularity. The information about the popular species and their ecological traits are useful for establishing the criteria as flagship or iconic species selection and their roles in habitat conservation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

This study was carried out for three years from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the actual condition of pest control of domestic persimmon organically cultivated farmers, to select environment - friendly pest control materials for major pests, and to conduct field test of established control system. The main cultivated cultivar of the reader farmer of organic cultivation was "Buyou" and sprayed organic agricultural material 9~17 times per year for pest control. The most harmful pests were anthracnose, bugs, persimmon fruit worm, and scales, etc. The control materials used were organic lime sulfur mixture, red clay sulfur, emulsifier, bordeaux solution, and self-made plant extracts using garlic, ginkgo nut and pine tree. The effective materials for controlling anthrax were lime sulfur mixture and red clay sulfur. Garlic oil + citronella emulsion, shrubby sophora seed extract + tea extract was effective to control Riptortus clavatus and Euproctis subflava. When installed 60 ea per 10a of mating disruption trap in a sweet orchard, the fruit setting rate was improved by 30%. The results of field test of control system to control 10 times a year in organically grown persimmons were able to harvest fruit of 70.7%. However, since any kinds of pesticides can not be sprayed during the harvest season in September and October, the damaged by bugs did not decreased, and further research is needed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2010

The global financial crisis has exerted enormous impacts on the attainment of inflation target in Korea. The annual average CPI inflation was 3.3% during the targeting period of 2007-2009 and the target was $3.0{\pm}0.5%$. Thus Korea has succeeded in keeping annual average CPI inflation just below the upper limit of the 2007-2009 target under the global crisis. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of the inflation targeting system in Korea. First, it estimates the conventional call rate reaction equation under the global crisis and finds that the policy interest rates never reacted to expected inflation, output gap, and won/dollar exchange rate, as expected by theory. Second, it identifies the shock of global financial crisis into core and non-core, applying the structural VAR model. The core shock was defined to have no (medium- to) long-run impact on real output. The core shock was identified to have the character of the demand shock, since it has the positive impact on the inflation and output in the short run. The structural core inflation due to core shock was an attractor of headline inflation, not vice versa. Therefore, the structural core inflation that reflects the demand-side shock would be the better intermediate target for the final headline inflation target than the official core inflation that excludes the volatile inflation of agricultural and oil-related products. During the inflation targeting period of 2007-2009, the structural core inflation was more volatile than the official core inflation, because the global crisis has very large negative impacts on the domestic demand as well as the prices of agricultural and oil-related products. This paper shows that the negative core shock during the fourth quarter of 2008 was larger than that in the financial crisis in 1998. But the core shock turned into positive very quickly in 2009, as the Korean economy recovered very quickly from crisis. The volatile changes in structural core inflation suggests that the Bank of Korea barely managed to attain the 2007-2009 inflation target, owing to the very large negative impacts of the global financial crisis on the domestic demand. It also suggests that the rapid rise in core inflation with the rapid recovery of the Korean economy will lead to rapid rise in headline inflation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.685-693
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• 2021

This study examined the fire risk of the region in Goyang City using the spatial information data of buildings. The economic damage by industry was assessed according to the probability of fire risk. The study area was confined to Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, and the same fire risk reduction rate was applied to each region for the convenience of analysis. The possibility of fire was derived based on the buildings' density and usage in the area by National GIS building-integrated information standard data. The calculation of economic damage by industry in Goyang City due to the fire risk was calculated by combining the Goyang-si industry-related model produced by matching with 30 industrial categories in Input-Output Statistics of Korea Bank and 20 industrial categories in the Goyang-si business survey and the possibility of fire. The basic scenario of production impossibility during six months and business loss due to fire was established and analyzed based on the supply model. The analysis showed that Ilsan-dong-gu, Ilsan-seo-gu, and Deokyang-gu suffered the most economic damage. The "electricity, gas, steam, and water business" showed the greatest loss by industry.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.125-146
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• 2022

The Wooden Gamsil with Inscription of "Botajeon" in the collection of the Dongguk University Museum was made in imitation of the wooden architecture style of the late Joseon period. The Gamsil had suffered exfoliation in the pigment and loss of components and thus underwent conservation treatment. Prior to the conservation treatment, the damage was classified by type and form, scientific analysis was carried out on the fiber and the species of wood, and portable X-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) analysis was conducted for the pigment component analysis. According to the analyses, Korea Pine(Soft pine) was used for most parts of the Gamsil, Manchurian walnut (Jugalns spp.) was used for the signboard, and the fiber used was identified as rice straw (Oryza sativa). The P-XRF identified white lead and zinc oxide in the white pigment, red lead in the red pigment, ultramarine blue in the blue pigment, and emerald green in the green pigment. For the conservation treatment, contaminants attached to the gamsil were removed by both dry and wet cleaning, detached parts were reattached in their original places, and lost parts were restored.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2022

In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1437-1449
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether pervious and impervious areas in urban areas affect tree growth. In order to determine the differences in the growth of six species of trees planted simultaneously, the effects of pervious and impervious surfaces on tree growth were analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) produced using Sentinel-2 and sub-divided land cover map from the Ministry of Environment. For this purpose, the Geospatial eXplainable Artificial Intelligence(GeoXAI) concept was applied. As a result of the analysis, the explanatory power of the model was found to be the best when considering the area of land cover included in the 10m range for Pinus densiflora, the 20 m range for Zelkova Serrata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Ginkgo biloba, the 30 m range for Platanus occidentalis, and the 40 m range for Yoshino cherry trees. In addition, the wider the pervious area, the more active the growth of trees,showing a positive correlation, and the wider the impervious area, such as nearby artificial ground, showed a negative correlation with tree growth. This shows that surrounding pervious and impervious areas affect the growth of trees and that the scope of influence varies depending on the tree species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1977

The study was made to give some helpful information for policy-making on ornamental tree cultivation by doing a survey on general situations, management analysis, and future prospects of the ornamental tree growing. The study was carried out through literature studies related to the subject, questionaire surveys, and on-the-spot investigation. The questionaire surveys could be divided into two parts: pre-questionaire survey and main-questionaire survey. In the pre-questionaire survey, the researchers intended to identify the total number of ornamental tree growers, cultivation areas in size and their locations. The questionaires were sent to each town and county administration authorities, forest cooperatives, and related organizations through-out the nation. The main-questionaires were prepared for detailed study and the questionaires were sent to 200 tree growers selected by option by taking considerations of the number of tree growers and the size of cultivating areas in regions. The main findings and some information obtained in the survey were as follows: 1. The total land for ornamental tree growing was amounted to 1,873.02 hectares and the number of cultivators was totaled to 2,717. 2. The main occupations of the ornamental tree growers were found in horticulture (41.9%), agronomy (25.9%), officialdom (11.3%), animal husbandry (6.5%), business circle(4.8%), and forestry (3.2%) in sequence. 3. The ornamental trees were cultivated mostly upperland (54.8), forest land (19.4%), rice paddy (11.3%) and others. 4. The educational training of the tree growers seemed quite high. The results of the survey indicated that a large number of tree growers was occupied by college graduates (38.7%), and then high school graduates (34.7%), middle school graduates (12.9%) in order. 5. The tree farming was undertaken as a side-job (41.9%) rather than main-job (23.4%), but a few of respondents rated as subsidiary-job (18.6%). 6. The management status classified by the rate of hired labors used was likely to belong to three categories: independant enterprise management (41.9%); half independant management (31.5%); and self-management (32.4%). 7. The majority of the tree growers sold their products to the consumers through middle-man channel (48.4%), or directly to the house-holder and detailers (13.7%), but a few of the respondents answered that they disposed of their products by bidding (11.2%) or by direct selling to the contractors (4.8%). 8. The channel cf marketing seemed somewhat complicated. The results of the survey were as: (1) producers ${\rightarrow}$consumers (22.6%) (2) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$consumers (33.1%) (3) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$first stage brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (15.3%) (4) producers ${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$second stage middle-men${\rightarrow}$brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (5.7%) (5) producers${\rightarrow}$field middle-men${\rightarrow}$third stage middle-men${\rightarrow}$second stage middlemen${\rightarrow}$brokers${\rightarrow}$consumers (4.8%) 9. It was responded that the margin for each stage of middle-men or brokers was assumed to be 30-50%(33.1%), 20-30%(32.3%), 50-100%(9.7%), and 100-200%(2.4%) in sequence. 10. The difference between the delivery price of consumers and field selling price of the producers seemed quite large. Majority of producers responded that they received half a price compared to the consumer's prices. 11. About two thirds of the respondents opposed to the measure of "Law on Preservation and Utilization of Agricultural Land" in which says that all the ornamental trees grown on flat agricultural lands less than 8 degrees in slope must be transplanted within three years to other places more than 8 degrees in slope. 12. The tree growers said that they have paid rather high land taxes than they ought to pay (38.7%), but come responded that land tax seemed to be appropriate (15.3%), and half of the respondents answered "not known". 13. The measures for the standardization of ornamental trees by size were backed up by a large number of respondents (57.3%), but one third of the respondents showed negative answer (29.8%). 14. About half of the respondents favored the systematic marketing through organization such as forest cooperatives (54%), but quite a few respondents opposed to organizing the systematic marketing channel (36.3%). 15. The necessary measures for permission in ornamental tree cultivation was rejected by a large number of respondents (49.2%) than those of favored (43.6%).