• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1A
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

A cable element happens to vibration easily rather than other elements because a cable element has few rotational stiffness. Dynamic motion of stay cable is distinguished from vibration by wind and/or rain and excitation by support movement. Mostly a stay cable is vibrated by wind and/or rain except that when natural periods coincide between stiffening girder and stay cable. It happens to deterioration of serviceability and durability by vortex shedding, rainy-wind induced vibration, and galloping. Additional damping generated by installation of cable damper is well known good scheme against above phenomena. Researchers have lack of effort to develop the recommendations even if cable stayed bridges are designed and constructed in Korea. Therefore, development of the domestic recommendations should be achieved as soon as possible. This study suggests the consistent and systematic recommendations on vibration controlling design of stay cable by installation of damper. It gives readers two important methodologies that one evaluates required damping ratio, the other determines installing point considering efficiency.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2011

In this study, a simplified design procedure for friction dampers of a multi-story structure in order to reduce seismic response is proposed. To get insight for control effect of the structure with friction dampers is difficult, because of a nonlinear characteristic by a friction damper. Since a control force of a friction damper is influenced by coupling velocity between floors, adjoining modes are coupled. Thus structural response are derived by assuming steady-state response in resonance. As it is impossible that an exact solution is obtained for seismic load, first, a closed form solution can be achieved under harmonic vibration. Second, to convert a three-story building into a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) structure, modal analysis is performed. Third, an equivalent damping ratio is derived with utilizing closed form solution. And response reducing factor is proposed by it. Finally, friction force of a damper is designed for using response reducing factor, and then designed dampers are verified for seven seismic data. The nonlinear analysis results confirm the validity of the proposed procedure.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 1987

An ultrasonic pulse-echo diagnostic system for tissue characterization with the estimation of attenuation coefficients is developed and its performance has been examined by system implementation. The system divided into the ultrasonic generator, A/D converter, data communication, computer for signal processing. The methods for estimating the spatial distribution of acoustic attenuation coefficients using the moment analysis are proposed. The experimental results indicate the potential of the methods for tissue characterization.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

The dynamic properties of soils are affected by parameters like, gradation characteristics, void ratio, confining pressure, etc. . This study mainly investigated experimentally the effect of gradation on the dynamic properties of sands with the effect of void ratio and confining pressure. Test results showed that shear modulus/damping ratio was increased/decreased with the decrease of void ratio and with the increase of confining pressure. When the fine content increased, shear modulus/damping ratio was decreased/increased. This study explained this phenomenon by the concept of the "effective number of contacts" and the "dead space".ot;dead space".uot;.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

In the study, the effects of damping devices on damping ratio increase and wind-load reduction were investigated based on the computational platform, which is one of the parametric modeling methods. The computational platform helps the designers or engineers to evaluate the efficacy of the numerous alternative structural systems for irregular Super-Tall building, which is crucial in determining the capacity and the number of the supplemental damping devices for adding the required damping ratios to the building. The inherent damping ratio was estimated based on the related domestic and foreign researches conducted by using real wind-load records. Two types of damping devices were considered: One is inter-story installation type passive control devices and the other is mass type active control devices. The supplemental damping ratio due to the damping devices was calculated by means of equivalent static analysis using an equation suggested by FEMA. The optimal design of the damping devices was conducted by using the computational platform. The structural element quantity reduction effect resulting from the installation of the damping devices could be simply assessed by proposing a wind-load reduction factor, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a numerical example of a 455m high-rise building. The comparison between roof displacement and the story shear forces by the nonlinear time history analysis and the proposed method indicated that the proposed method could simply but approximately estimate the effects of the supplemental damping devices on the roof displacement and the member force reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to derive a formula for calculating the effective energy of an X-ray beam generated by a CT simulator. Under 90, 120, and 140 kVp X-ray beams, the CT number calibration insert part of the AAPM CT performance phantom was scanned 5 times with a CT simulator. The CT numbers of polyethylene, polystyrene, water, nylon, polycarbonate, and acrylic were measured for each CT slice image. The average value of CT number measured under a single tube voltage and the linear attenuation coefficients corresponding to each photon energy calculated from the data of the National Institute of Standards and Technology were linearly fitted. Among the obtained correlation coefficients, the photon energy having the maximum value was determined as the effective energy. In this way, the effective energy of the X-ray beam generated at each tube voltage was determined. By linearly fitting the determined effective energies(y) and tube voltages(x), y=0.33026x+30.80263 as an effective energy calculation formula was induced.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2003

The seismic base isolation design approach has been reviewed and modified to fit the nonlinear static analysis procedure for determination of the performance point of structures in a simpler way, such an adaptation may be possible for the fact that a structural system under development of damage due to earthquake loading keeps softening to result in period shifting toward longer side. The superiority of the proposed method to the state-of-the-practice approach is that the reasonably accurate performance point can be obtained without constructing the so-called acceleration displacement response spectrum required in application of capacity spectrum method. The validity of the proposed approach was verified by comparing the predicted values to the exact ones presented in the literature.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

In order to study the characteristics of fiber reinforced bearing, the steel plates of laminated rubber bearing were replaced with fibers which have same effects of steel plates. The comparison of vertical test and horizontal test of laminated rubber bearing and fiber reinforced bearing shows that the effective damping of fiber reinforced bearing is higher than laminated rubber bearing. This result implies the high energy dissipation ability of fiber reinforced bearing under earthquake excitation. These fiber reinforced bearing can be applied to the low-coast building.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.22-30
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• 1992

The propagation of coherent time-harmonic elastic SH waves in a medium with random distribution of cylindrical inclusions is studied for characterizing the dynamic elastic modulus and the attenuation property of fiber-reinforced composite materials. A multiple scattering theory using the single scattering coefficients in conjunction with the Lax's quasicrystalline approximation is derived and from which the dispersion relation for such medium is obtained. The pair-correlation functions between the cylinders which are needed to formulate the multiple scattering interaction between the cylinders are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation method.From the numerically calculated complex wavenumbers, the propagation speed of the average wave, the coherent attenuation coefficient and the effective shear modulus are presented as functions of frequency and area density.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

서해대교는 국내에 교량구조물에 관한 내진설계가 도입되기 전 설계된 교량으로서 현재 내진설계 규준에 적합하지 않은 종방향철근 및 횡방향 철근이 겹침이음된 중공육각형 단면의 철근콘크리트 기둥으로 이미 시공이 완료된 상태이다. 최근, 지진에 대한 사회적 관심이 대두됨으로서 내진 설계 규준에 적합하지 않은 철근상세를 가지 서해대교 PSM교 교각의 내진성능이 의문시되었다. 따라서, 비내진 철근상세를 가진 서해대교 PSM교 교각의내진성능 평가를 위하여 교각의 축소모형 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과 종방향철근 겹침이음이 교각의 전체적인 내진거동에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않으며 기대 이상의 연성을 발휘할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 축소모형 실험결과에 의한 시험체의 파괴양상, 유효강성, 연성, 응답수 정계수 및 등가점성감쇠비를 분석하였으며, 아울러 가속도변위 응답스펙트럼을 이용하여 서해대교 PSM교 교각의 내진성능을 평가하였다.