• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1972.03a
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• pp.5-6
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• 1972

Noise and air pollution, which accompany the development of industry and the increase of population, contribute to the deterioration of urban environment. The air pollution level of Seoul has gradually increased and the city residents are suffering from a high pollution of noise. If no measures were taken against pollution, the amount of emission of pollutant into air would be 36.7 thousand tons per year per square kilometer in 1975, three times more than that of 1970, and it would be the same level as that of United States in 1968. The main sources of air pollution in Seoul are the exhaust has from vehicles and the combustion of bunker-C oil for heating purpose. Thus, it is urgent that an exhaust gas cleaner should be instaled to every car and the fuel substituted by less sulfur-contained-oil to prevent the pollution. Transportation noise (vehicular noise and train noise) is the main component of urban noise problem. The average noise level in downtown area is about 75㏈ with maximum of 85㏈ and the vehicular homing was checked 100㏈ up and down. Therefore, the reduction of the number of bus-stop the strict regulation of homing in downtown area and a better maintenance of car should be an effective measures against noise pollution in urban areas. Within the distance of 200 metres from railroad, the train noise exceeds the limit specified by the pollution control law in Korea. Especially, the level of noise and steam-whistle of train as measured by the ISO evaluation can adversely affect the community activities of residents. To prevent environmental destruction, many developed countries have taken more positive action against worsening pollution and such an action is now urgently required in this country.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop a diabetic-oriented convenience flood using 7 medicinal plants (Schisandra chinensis, Coix lachryma-jobi, Dioscorea batatas, Ophipogon japonicus, Lyicium chinense, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum) and chicken. Portion size was 310g, total calorie was 551.6 kcal and carbohydrate, lipid and protein were consisted of 53.0%, 20.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Calcium, zinc and iron content were 268.9mg, 5.4mg and 6.1mg, respectively. Crude fiber content was 22.9g. In sensory evaluation, the scores of taste, color, texture and overall acceptability were higher than normal diabetic meal. Hypoglycemic effect of the device meal for diabetic persons was excellent compared to that of normal diabetic meal. The above results indicate that the 7 medicinal plants can be used as functional ingredients fur diabetic-oriented convenience flood industry. Also, device meal can be used as ready-prepared food for weight control.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.32-45
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• 2018

This study aims to compare the mutual perception gap on dangerous driving behavior between male and female drivers in multiple aspects, analyze them, and identify factors that trigger this different perception. To understand the mutual perception gap on dangerous driving behavior, DBQ(Driving Behavior Questionnaire) was applied as a rating scale. By applying results into the Co-oreintation model, this study compared the mutual perception gap between male drivers and female drivers and analyze results. In addition, factors that generate the perception gap between both genders were drawn by analyzing factors. This study suggested that objective consistency identified the perception gap that driving behaviors of others were more dangerous between two genders. In addition, subjective consistency was different as both genders assumed that the counterpart's driving behavior takes more risks than their own actual driving behaviors. In regard to the accuracy, men were aware that female driving behaviors are more dangerous than their behaviors. However, female driving behavior assumed by women was consistent with male perception in all factors, which indicated that women perceive men precisely. In addition, results were compared and analyzed in both perspectives of male drivers and female drivers by combining predictive models. Based on these results, both genders perceived that counterpart's driving behavior is more dangerous among both genders.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.143-160
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• 2001

최근 들어 무선인터넷 및 모바일 컴퓨팅 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께 향후 그 수요가 폭발적으로 증대될 것으로 예상되는 분야가 위치기반서비스(LBS, Location Based Service) 기술이다. 이동통시산업이 발달한 미국 및 유럽의 선진국에서는 지난 수년에 걸쳐 지속적으로 축적되어 온 정보기술을 통하여 현재 수많은 LBS 관련 기술개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 1999년 미국의 FCC(미연방통신위원회)는 무선 E119 규칙을 제정하였는데, 이 규칙은 LBS를 주목하게 한 결정적인 계기가 되었다. FCC는 미국내의 망 사업자들이 2001년 10월까지 이동전화 사용자가 응급 호출(911)을 하였을 때 67%는 100M 이내의 위치오차로, 95%는 300M 이내의 위치오차로 응급호출자의 위치정보를 제공해야 한다는 규정을 제정했다. 이때부터 각종 관련 회사들이 생겨나기 시작했으며, 사람들이 LBS에 관심을 가지기 시작하였다. 국내에서도 이동통신사업자 및 IMT-2000 사업자를 중심으로 LBS 도입을 적극 준비하고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 위치정보라는 것은 오래 전부터 사람들이 알고있던 사항이다. 이미 GPS라는 것을 이용하여 국방분야, 환경분야, 교통 및 물류 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있었기 때문이다. 그런데 왜 같은 위치정보를 활용하는 분야인데 LBS는 이토록 많은 관심을 불러일으키는가? 그것에 대한 답변은 바로 위치정보가 이동통신망과 연결되면서 대중적이고 일반적인 서비스가 가능해졌기 때문이다. 특히, LBS는 GIS가 정보통신 기술과 융합되면서 앞으로 추구해야 할 차세대 정보기술 분야라는 점에서 그 의미는 더 크다고 할 수 있다. 평균(平均) 0.322였다. 그리고 RaA를 모핵종(母核種)으로 가정(假定)했을 때 각핵종간(各核種間)의 방사평형비(放射平衡比)는 대개 $C_1>C_2>C_3$인 것으로 나타났다. 여기서 $C_1,\;C_2$ 및 $C_3$는 각각 RaA, RaB 및 RaC의 농도(濃度)를 나타낸다.0cm 깊이에서는 Pythium균(菌)과 Fusarium균(菌)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 14일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 6. 최고(最高)에 달(達)했다가 최저(最低)에 이르는 온도(溫度)의 반복적(反復的)인 파동(波動)이 있는 것에서 없는 것보다 단시간(短時間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 볼 때 하기고온기(夏期高溫期)의 재배(栽培) 휴한기(休閑期)에 PVC film을 사용(使用)하여 하우스를 밀폐(密閉)하거나 턴널을 만들어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)이 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 생각된다.종합적(綜合的)으로 볼 때, diazinon 과 decamethrin의 처리(處理)는 포장(圃場)에서 벼멸구의 산란력(産卵力)과 성충수명을 증대(增大)시키고, 식이활동(食餌活動)을 촉진(促進)함으로서 벼멸구의 resurgence를 유발(誘發)하고 아울러 수도체(水稻體)의 hopperbun을 가속화시킬 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 알 수 있었다.는 점차 약하여 졌으나 catalase, invertase는 그 활성도가 일단 숙성중기에 높아졌다가 낮아졌다.n 이 pH 4.2이고 temperature는 $60^{\circ}C$이었다. 그리고

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.643-649
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• 2017

This research is to compare factors which influence to mobilize police force necessary for crowd gathering occasions, and the purpose of this research is to prepare scientific basis for mobilization of police force by understanding order of priority of obstructive factors to mobilize police force for progressing safe crowd gathering occasions. Crowd gathering occasion has a characteristic that minor cause can lead to huge damage because many people concentrically gather at a specific place. In order to control these risks, it is necessary to analyze criteria on order of priority which can arouse risk to mobilize police force. In this research, I classified the factors influencing safety of crowd gathering occasion as internal risk factor, external risk factor and traffic safety threatening and set up the level of private security manpower and participants mobilized to crowd gathering occasion as independent variable and set up mobilized police force from 2013 to 2014 as dependent variable and analyzed it hierarchical analysis. From the result of analysis, the biggest influence to mobilization of police force for crown gathering occasion was the number of participants, and next self order-keeping agents and reason of mobilizing police force. Based on the result of analysis that the biggest factor to mobilize police force to crowd gathering occasion is the number of participants, it can be resulted that the number of participants influence to the risk of crowd gathering occasion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.876-884
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• 1997

Fourteen patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between March 1994 and May 1996 in Seoul National University Hospital. There were 9 male and 5 female patients, and the mean age was 40.8 $\pm$ 12.4 years ranged from 12 to 56 years. All patient were in NYHA Fc III or IV preoperatively. The underlying heart diseases were dilated cardiomyopathy in 11 and restrictive cardiomyopathy in 3. The mean age of donors was 24.9$\pm$ 10.2 years and the causes of the brain death were head trauma by traffic accidents in 8, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 2, 1 asphyxia, 1 fall down injury, 1 brain tumo , and 1 drowning, respectively The blood type was identical in 11, compatible in 2, and incompatible in 1 patient. The direct bicaval anastomosis technique was used in 11 cases, and standard right atrial anastomosis was done in the remaining 3 cases. The graft ischemic time was 158$\pm$44 minutes ranged 94 to 220 minutes. There were two hospital deaths(14.3%). The causes of deaths were 1 right ventricular failure followed by suspected cyclosporine induced hemolytic uremic syndrome and rejection, and 1 delayed massive bleeding, probably from rupture of the anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, respectively. The follow-up duration was 16$\pm$9 months(3 to 28 months). There was one late death(8.3%). All the other patients were in NYHA Fc I except one patient who was in hospital because of the acute rejection. The actuarial survival rates including hospital deaths were 93.7% at 1 month, 86.9% at 6 months, and 77$\pm$12% at 2 years. Conclusively, heart transplantation is the good strategy for the management of end stage heart disease with acceptable operative mortality and early follow-up results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2010

We examine the change in healthcare utilization pattern of cancer patients since the launch of KTX in 2004. It is found that during the year of 2004 and 2005 the rapid increase in the ratio of cancer patients' healthcare utilizations for the tertiary hospitals in Seoul to the total healthcare utilizations has accompanied the rapid decrease in the corresponding ratio for the tertiary hospitals in the local metropolitan areas under the influence of KTX while the corresponding ratio for the tertiary hospitals in the local cities with little influence of KTX on them has exhibited mild change. Since healthcare consumers' choice of hospitals can be characterized by "foot voting" action in the healthcare service market in Korea, such a phenomenon may have strong implication that the introduction of KTX may have affected substantially the inter-area healthcare utilization pattern by cancer patients by reducing various sorts of long-distance travel costs. Therefore, considering the potential contribution of KTX to the increase of cancer patients' accessibility to hospitals with higher qualities, support policies such as fare discount for low-income cancer patients in local areas may need to be taken into consideration where the well-designed fare discount program for low-income cancer patients may increase utilizations of KTX by lowincome cancer patients without incurring additional costs to running of KTX.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.745-756
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• 2020

An ICS(industrial control system) is a complex system that safely and efficiently monitors and controls industrial processes such as electric power, water treatment, transportation, automation plants and chemical plants. Because successful cyber attacks targeting ICS can lead to casualties or serious economic losses, it becomes a prime target of hacker groups sponsored by national state. Cyber campaigns such as Stuxnet, Industroyer and TRITON are real examples of successful ICS attacks, and were developed based on the deep knowledge of the target ICS. Therefore, for incident investigation of ICSs, inspectors also need knowledge of control processes and accident investigation techniques specialized for ICSs. Because there is no applicable technology, it is especially necessary to develop techniques and tools for embedded controllers located at cyber and physical boundaries. As the first step in this research, we reviewed logging capability of 4 PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)s widely used in an ICS area, and checked whether selected PLCs generate logs that can be used for digital investigation in the proposed cyber attack scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2012

A huge marine accident causes a loss of valuable lives, property and the serious marine environment pollution. IMO adopted resolution A.949(23) to provide Places of Refuge(PoR) to 'Ship in need of assistance', which is to minimize the secondary environmental pollution caused by marine accidents. If the level of risk exceeds a certain range, it is necessary to be designated as Places of Refuge(PoR) after evaluation of potential risk, which is based on the database of several marine environmental factors. Also, it is necessary to develop skills about quantification/standardization of vessel traffic safety, complexity and risk. Because there is the close relation between the problem of designating Places of Refuge(PoR) and the policy of nation for protecting the natural environment of coastal state, it is important to prepare related legislation. In this paper, introduction of Places of Refuge(PoR) in domestic areas have been suggested based on the analysis of several foreign designating cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

With rapid urbanization, the volume of traffic in urban area has been significantly increased. This in turn led to problem which can be described as Road Traffic Noise. Currently, to alleviate the road traffic noise damage, a demand for installation of soundproofing walls is rising. Among different shapes of soundproof walls being installed, the reflection-type acoustical insulation panel is highly drawing attentions of residents due to the fact that it does not obstruct their field of vision in contrast with the opaque acoustical insulation panel. On the other hand, improving the soundproofing wall of the reflection-type acoustical insulation barrier panel needs to be focused on since it has a possibility to cause a secondary damage by reflected sounds. Therefore, in this research, study has been carried out to improve the forms in order to minimize travelling of reflected sounds through changing the frontal surface shape and geometrical shape of the reflection-type soundproofing panel. A result from comparison between the normal reflection-type soundproofing panel and the improved soundproofing panel, with reduction effects in the noise reflection, showed that the curved type of soundproofing panel has an impact on reducing the noise up to 1.5 dB. Furthermore, from the research conducted, it appears that the increase and decrease in the reflected sounds can be changeable depending on various design factors. Thus, it turns out that the study shows a potential possibility to develop a reduction technology of the reflected sounds pertaining to overall condition on the soundproofing walls.