• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.37-61
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a preliminary study for developing a Korean version of the Fine Motor Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, $3^{rd}$ Edition(Bayley-III). The subjects for this study included 313 Korean infants and toddlers aged from 16 days to 42 months and 15 days. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the analysis of the degree of item difficulty indicated that the arrangement of the items corresponded with child development by age. Secondly, the analysis of the inter-item consistency, the test-retest reliability and the inter-rater reliability revealed a high degree of reliability of the scale. Thirdly, the Fine Motor Scale of K-Bayley-III score showed a significant high correlation with the Motor composite score but a significant moderate correlation with the Language composite score, providing evidence of its convergent and discriminant validity. This study demonstrated that the preliminary version of the K-Bayley-III Fine Motor Scales can be applied to assess the development of fine motor skills of Korean infants and toddlers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.621-624
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 시니어(senior)들을 위한 치매예방 및 인지재활을 위한 프로그램으로 시니어들의 정확한 인지운동 반응의 수준을 평가하고, 치매 예방 효과를 검정하기 위한 과학적이고 객관화된 검사 도구를 개발하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 시니어들에게 스마트폰(smart phone)을 활용한 개별화 훈련을 실시하여 인지운동 발달을 촉진시키고, 스마트폰에 대한 접근기회를 제공하기 위한 인지재활 공학 도구로서의 스마트폰 어플리케이션(application)을 설계를 제안하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.135-151
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschoolers' motor proficiency and their executive function. Participants were 72 children who participated in individual tests. Motor proficiency was measured by a shortened form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition(BOT-2). Executive functions were assessed by utilizing the revised version of the four tasks: 'Day-Night Task', 'Dimensional Change Card Sort Task', 'Lift Flag Task' and 'Digit Span Task'. The major findings were as follows. First, the 5-year-olds motor proficiency was found to be better than the 4-year-olds. Second, the 5-year-olds executive function was found to be better than the 4-yeat-olds. Last, the 4-year-olds' and 5-year-olds' motor proficiency was related to their executive function. Concretely, fine manual control of motor proficiency was executive function and there was a high correlation. And behavior response inhibition and working memory of executive function was motor proficiency and there was a high correlation. Data analysis showed that preschoolers' motor proficiency and their executive function were different by their age level and that preschoolers' motor proficiency was correlated with their executive function.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibular rehabilitation for balace problem in elderly. Falling is a common problem associated with aging. Falling and the resulting consequences constitutes one of the most common and serious problems. Balance deficits are one of the top risk factors for falling. Three systems(visual, vestibular and somatosensory) need to be integrated and used to coordinate and control balance. During normal ambulation and head movement, the vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) stabilizes gaze, and helps to keep the image of the retina. There is a direct association between deficits in VOR and falls. Older adults have a decreased ability to enhance and suppress the VOR. Vestibular rehabilitation(VR) is an exercise-based group of approaches that began with the aim of central nervous system compensation. VR restores VOR gain and reduces error using repetitive movements of the head and eyes. Many researches showd balance and gait tests were superior in the VR group. It is considered this article helps to prevent elderly falling with vestibular rehabilitation.

• Korean journal of psychology:General
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.81-107
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• 2017

The study aims to investigate the clinical utility of Bayley-III using US norm in Korea. A total of 98 preterm infants and 93 term infants were assessed with the K-Bayley-III. The performance pattern of preterm infants was analyzed with mixed design ANOVA which examined the differences of scaled scores and composite scores of Bayley-III between full term- and preterm- infant group and within preterm infants group. Then, We have investigated agreement between classifications of delay made using the BSID-II and Bayley-III. In addition, ROC plots were constructed to identify a Bayley-III cut-off score with optimum diagnostic utility in this sample. The results were as follows. (1) Preterm infants have significantly lower function levels in areas of 5 scaled scores and 3 developmental indexes compared with infants born at term. Significant differences among scores within preterm infant group were also found. (2) Bayley-III had the higher scores of the Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index comparing to the scores of K-BSID-II, and had the lower rates of developmental delay. (3) All scales of Bayley-III, Cognitive, Language and Motor scale had the appropriate level of discrimination, but the cut-off composite scores of Bayley-III were adjusted 13~28 points higher than 69 for prediction of delay, as defined by the K-BSID-II. It explains the lower rates of developmental delay using the standard of two standard deviation. This study has provided empirical data to inform that we must careful when interpreting the score for clinical applications, identified the discriminating power, and proposed more appropriate cut-off scores. In addition, discussion about the sampling for making the Korean norm of Bayley-III was provided. It is preferable that infants in Korea should use our own validated norms. The standardization process to get Korean normative data must be performed carefully.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.868-874
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• 2007

Purpose : We performed this study to investigate the perinatal and developmental features of the patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) confirmed by the molecular genetic method and the clinical characteristics of their mother, and to identify the relation between the number of CTG repeats and the clinical severity.Methods : A retrospective review of the medical records and the results of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene test was done for the patients who were confirmed as CDM through gene analysis from January 2001 to September 2006. Results : All of the eight patients (male 2, female 6) showed moderate to severe degree of perinatal distress and feeding difficulty associated with profound hypotonia. Three patients had the history of polyhydramnios and two patients had equinovarus deformity. The developmental milestones were delayed in all patients, which improved gradually with age. All of their mothers demonstrated myotonic symptoms and typical myopathic face. The number of CTG repeats in DMPK gene analysis ranged 1,000-2,083, and there was no significant correlation between the number of CTG repeats and the time of walking alone. Conclusion : All patients with CDM presented with severe hypotonia in perinatal period, and developmental delay thereafter, which were improved with age. All of their mothers manifested myotonic symptoms with typical myopathic face, and the identification of such features greatly contributed to the diagnosis of the patients. The number of CTG repeats had no significant influence on the motor development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.321-327
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• 2013

This paper aimed to find out the differences of DDK performances of 37 normally developing children in the range of 4-6 years. DDK tasks included with the Consonant-Vowel(CV) syllables and with the Vowel-Vowel(VV) syllables. For DDK rate, all spoken AMR and SMR in one second were measured by Multi-Speech, and analyzed with Motor Speech Profile for DDK regularity. Error frequency and type in DDK performance were transcribed and auditorily judged by two professional speech pathologists. The findings in this study were follow as: First, DDK rate became faster as the age of children were increased. But there were no statistical differences between the groups for age. Second, there was no significant differences the CV and VV syllables of DDK tasks. Third, the frequency of articulatory error in DDK performance was significantly higher in the age of 4 than other two groups.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.123-141
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of early intervention programs for child development and parenting stress from low-income families. The subjects of this study were 0-5 years old children 1,904(Participation 1,501 nonparticipating 403) and 1,904 parents from low-income families. The child and the parents who participated in the intervention program, 1,501 people respectively, did not participate in the intervention program for children and parents of 403 people each. The collected data were analyzed by t-test. The results of the study are as follows. First, There were differences in child development between the early child who participated in the intervention program and those who did not. Especially, the infants who participated in the intervention program had a more higher level in muscle exercise, small muscle exercises, problem solving, communication, and social development than infants who have not participated. Second, parents of low-income families who participated in the intervention program had lower parenting stress than the parents who didn't participate. As a result, early intervention programs should be targeted at children and parents from low-income families.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct a rating scale of infant and toddler development for the use of teachers in their observations of children during daily activities. The scale consists of 201 items measuring motor, self-help, socio-communicative, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Quality, reliability and validity were examined with the use of a nation-wide sample of 1,245 children from classes of 1- and 2-year-olds. Tests on validity and reliability were high in terms of content validity evaluated by early childhood professionals, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale, internal consistency among raters, and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that the developmental areas of infants and toddlers are not clearly differentiated but are interrelated with each other. The scale was standardized by providing nation-wide norms with raw scores, percentiles, and standardized scores.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.238-246
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• 2002

최근 경제의 발전과 의학의 발달로 인하여 인간의 수명은 점차 연장됨에 따라, 노인인구도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 40세 이상 여성 인구도 8.998천명으로 전체 여성의 38%를 차지하며 이는 매년 증가할 것이다. 그리하여 전체 인구에 대한 폐경 여성의 점유율도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 폐경 이후 $5{\sim}10$년 동안 매년 $2{\sim}4%$씩 골농도가 감소하고 있기 때문에 폐경기 여성을 위협하는 주요 질환 중 하나가 골다공증이다. 하지만 골다공증은 뚜렷한 자각증상이 없어 골 기형 및 골절이 발생하기 전에는 조기발견이 어렵다. 골다공증은 모든 중년 여성의 건강문제이므로 지역사회에서 골절 발생 위험율을 줄일 수 있도록 골다공증 예방을 위한 건강관리가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회에서 적용할 수 있는 골다공증 예방 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 검정한 후 지역사회 중년 여성 건강증진 프로그램으로 활용코저 함에 있다. 골다공증 예방 프로그램은 운동과 교육으로 구성하였으며, 12주 동안 점핑 동작 위주의 에어로빅과 스텝퍼 운동과 근력강화운동(최대 심박수의 $70%{\sim}80%$, $70{\sim}80$분, 3회/주)을 병행하여 실시하였고, 교육은 운동과 칼슘 섭취의 중요성을 건강 신념 이론에 근거하여 자기 효능감을 증대시키는 교육을 하여 지속적인 운동 실천과 칼슘식이 섭취를 하도록 하였다. 대상자는 서울시 일개 보건소에서 골감소증으로 진단받은 폐경 여성으로 실험군 19명과 대조군 19명이었다. 골다공증 예방 프로그램의 효과는 골밀도, DPD ratio, osteocalcin, 일일 평균 칼슘섭취량, 일일 열량 소모량, 배근력, 최대 산소 섭취량, 제지방량과 건강신념 변수로 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 PC SPSS 8.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성은 실수와 백분율로 실험군과 대조군의 동질성 검사는 t-test, $x^2-test$ 및 Fisher exact test를 이용하였고, 두 집단 간 결과변수들의 중재 전후의 차이는 t-test로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) $L_{2-4}$ 골밀도는 실험군이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 2) DPD ratio와 osteocalcin은 두 집단간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 배근력은 실험군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였으나, 제지방량과 최대 산소 섭취량은 유의한 차이가 없었다.