• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Onyanghaenggung Palace(temporary palace at Onyang) is an important cultural heritage that can substantially confirm the king's onhaeng(溫行) base on literature records such as <Ongungyeonggoedae(溫宮靈槐臺)>, <Oncheonhaenggungdo(溫泉行宮圖)> of 『Ongungsasil(溫宮事實)』『, Younggoedaegi(靈槐臺記)』and cultural property such as Yeonggoedae(靈槐臺) and Shinjeong Monument(神井碑). As the Onyang Tourist Hotel is located in the presumed site of the Onyanghaenggung Palace, even the identity of the Onyanghaenggung Palace site is being threatened without restoration efforts. The purpose of this study is to estimate the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace based on <Oncheonhaenggungdo> before the damages during the Japanese colonial period. To achieve these purposes, records related to Onhaeng during successive kings' terms in the Joseon Dynasty are first reviewed, before changes in the architecture of Onyanghaenggung Palace that took place in the Joseon Dynasty and damage suffered during the Japanese colonial period are summarized, and finally <Oncheonhaenggungdo>, <Eupji>, <Ancient Maps>, <Jijeokwondo> are reviewed. Based on these processes, the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace is estimated by comparing the current Onyang Tourist Hotel and the surrounding area. The results of this study are as follows. First, if the 1,758 cheok(尺) of 「Onyanggun eupji」 and 「Hoseo eupji」 are converted in Jucheok(周尺), the scope of Onyanghaenggung Palace is close to the inner circumference of the site(垈) in Jijeokwondo(1914). Second, the streamlet leading to Oncheoncheon(溫泉川) from the southern side of Onyanggwan(溫陽館), the hot spring hole in use of <Distribution Map of Hot Spring(溫泉分布見取圖)>(1925, 1928), and considering the relationship of the inner east gate(內東門), Bigak(碑閣), Sinjeong(神井) of <Oncheonhaenggungdo>, the building of Hermann Gustav Theodor Sander and the Copyright Commission's Onyang Hot Springs photograph can be estimated as the Onyanghaenggung Palace Hot-spring, namely Tangsil(湯室). Third, in the process of developing to amusement park, the transfer and relocation of the Yeonggaedae site(a governmentowned property) was requested by Gyeongnam Railway Company, but Chungcheongnam-do denied transfer and relocation of the Yeonggaedae because of the importance in the history of Onyang Hot Springs, so the government-owned Yeonggaedae Monument site were permanently preserved at the current location together with the hoe tree(Sophora japonica L.). Also, Yeonggoedae in <Tourists Attractions around Gyeongnam Railway in Joseon (朝鮮京南鐵道沿線名所交通図絵)> (1929) is shown to exist in its current location, and it can be seen that the Shinjeong Monument Pavilion was moved to the front of Shinjeonggwan (神井館). Based on the circumference of Onyanghaenggung Palace, the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace Hot Spring (Tangsil) and Yeonggaedae Monument Pavilion, changes in roads and lots of land during the Japanese colonial period and the modern period, as well as the location of Onyanghaenggung Palace and other major buildings, can be estimated to extend to the current Shimin-ro and Onyang Hot Spring Market.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.566-575
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• 2016

This study aims to examine the impact of visitor's satisfaction on revisit and recommend intention to other in Onyang spa destination. These analyses is based on the Visitors' Survey and, the survey conducted in Onyang Spa Destination in Chung Cheong Province. The results of factor analysis shows: First, six factors are extracted for the attributes of choice towards spa destinations: facilities of the spa, accessibility, water quality of the spa and surrounding areas, costs and prices, hospitality and shopping opportunities, and tourism space. Second, visitor satisfaction is effected by the following factors; facilities of the spa, accessibility, water quality of the spa and surrounding areas, and tourism space. Lastly, the overall visitor satisfaction with the spa destination positively affected visitor loyalty, that is, their intention to revisit the place and recommend it to others.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.110-123
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• 2024

Onyanghaenggung Palace(temporary palace at Onyang) is an important cultural heritage that can substantially confirm the king's visiting at hot springs based on literature records such as <Ongungyeonggoedae(溫宮靈槐臺)>, <Oncheonhaenggungdo(溫泉行宮圖)> of 『Ongungsasil(溫宮事實)』, <Younggoedaedo(靈槐臺圖)>, 『Younggoedaegi(靈槐臺記)』 and cultural properties such as Yeonggoedae(靈槐臺) and Shinjeong Monument(神井碑). Through a photo taken by Hermann Sander in 1906, it can be confirmed that the hot springs(Tangsil building) at Onyanghaenggung Palace during the Joseon Dynasty was maintained until the early Japanese colonial period. The purpose of this study is to estimate the compositions of the hot springs(Tangsil building) in Onyanghaenggung Palace based on literature records and <Oncheonhaenggungdo>(1795). To achieve these purposes, we firstly examined the changes in Onyanghaenggung Palace and the hot springs (Tangsil building); secondly, the bathing behaviors of kings were reviewed; thirdly, we organized the architectural composition of the hot springs (Tangsil building) according to "Ongung Repair" of 『Ongungsasil (溫宮事實)』; and fourthly, by comparing Sander's photo in the early days of Japanese colonial rule, the architectural composition of the hot springs (Tangsil building) in the late Joseon Dynasty was examined. The results of this study are as follows. First, the hot springs(Tangsil building) of Onyanghaenggung Palace were continuously connected to the Onjeongsil(溫井室) in the reign of King Hyeonjong and maintained until 『Hoseo-eupji』 (1871) in the late Joseon Dynasty. It matches the photograph taken by Hermann Sander(1906) and <1912 Onyang Hot Springs in Asan City>(1912) of Korea Copyright Commission during the early Japanese colonial period. Second, the various king's bathing methods during the Joseon Dynasty were adopted such as washing, spilling and bathing head while sitting on a bathing platform or chair, or exposing the steam of hot spring water, dipping feet into the water and a half-body soaking bath below the navel immersed in water. Third, the stone bathtubs of hot springs(Tangsil building) are composed of the upper bath which was hot spring water gushes out from the northwest, bends to the east, enters the middle bath, and bends to the south to come out to the outside to gather in the lower bath. Around the stone bathtubs, pebble stones brought in from Taean were laid on the floor of the hot springs(Tangsil building). From the above considerations, the compositions of the Tangsil building in Onyang Temporary Palace is based on the king's approach from the main royal building, the king's bathing method and bathing tools, the bathing behavior of enlisted medical officers and bathing assistants, and each rooms mentioned in "Ongung Repair". By comparing it with Hermann Sander's photo, the architectural compositions of the hot springs(Tangsil building) can be estimated.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.561-570
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• 2016

For the investigation of hydrochemical changes in hot spring waters from the Onyang hot spring area, we analyzed water chemistry of 24 hot spring waters in 2011 and 2016. The results showed that there is no significant change in temperature and properties of the hot spring waters. The relationship of 2016 between temperature and $SiO_2$ and F reveals a positive trend ($r^2=0.60$, 0.47), and the relationship between temperature and Ca, Mg, Cl, $SO_4$, $HCO_3$, EC reveals a negative trend ($r^2=0.50$, 0.11, 0.50, 0.63, 0.23, 0.51). The relationship between temperature and pH is a positive trend, while the one between temperature and DO is a negative trend, indicating that the source is from deep groundwater. When plotted on Piper diagram, most of which are $Na-HCO_3$ but several hot waters are classified as the $Na(Ca)-HCO_3$, indicating inflow of shallow groundwater was occurred.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.569-582
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• 2015

This study deals with six spa touristy places to analyze the similarity in image and selection factor recognition through multidimensional scaling method. The result is as following. First, as a result of analysis in the similarity in Image of the 6 touristy Spa places, each "Asan and Onyang" and "Suanbo and Ducksan" form different similar image groups. However, Yoosung does not share the similarity in Image that other Spa places own. Second, as a result of analysis of selection factors in the six touristy spa places, it is found out that there is no big difference in selection factors such as 'spa facility', 'a fee to use', and 'quality of service' in the six spa places. Yet, Onyang, Yoosung, Ducksan, and Suanbo spa reflect high selection factor as 'a recognized spa place' different from Asan and Dogo where the reflection of selection factor is low. Onyang, Yoosung, and Dogo regions reflect high selection factor as a 'Touristy destination' while Asan reflects low selection factor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4257-4260
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• 2011

Hot spring water is underground water which naturally flows out to the earth's surface or is drilled for artificially and the water temperature should be higher than the region's average temperature for the year or underground water temperature of the earth's shallow strata of the region. Our nation stipulates that hot spring can be called if it is over $25^{\circ}C$. Generally, it is widely know that hot spring water has an effect on blood circulation, pain alleviation, soothing, and skin care and that its efficacy is mainly due to water temperature and a variety of minerals contained in water. The Onyang springs are the oldest spring district in our country and one of the most typical hot springs in this country. The current study found that there's no skin irritation through the skin irritation test applying hot spring water to cosmetic formulas, and that products using Onyang hot spring water showed an increase of 8.56% in epidermal water rate and a decrease of -67.74% in relative transepidermal water loss(TEWL), which indicates that cosmetics using Onyang hot spring water has an effecton skin improvement.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.253-269
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• 2010

This study analyzed image similarity, attribute recognition, and preference by multidimensional scaling. The analyses were carried out by 10 spa destinations (Deoksan, Bugok, Onyang, Yuseong, Suanbo, Bomun, Dongrae, Asan, Dogo, Haeundae) in Korea. The results were as follows: First, according to the analyses of image similarity of spa destinations, 'Haeundae, Dongrae and Bomun,' 'Dogo, Onyang, Asan,' and 'Deoksan, Suanbo, Bugok,' made similar image groups separately. However, Yuseong had different image from the other spa destinations in the above. Second, according to the analyses of attribute recognition of spa destinations, Deoksan and Bugok had more competitive ability in terms of 'the incidental facilities of spa destinations, 'Yuseong, Onyang, Asan, and Dogo' showed high competitiveness in terms of 'accessibility of spa destination' and 'tourism conditions.' Haeundae, Dongrae, and Suanbo had weak competitiveness in terms of 'the accessibility of spa destinations.' Third, according to the analyses of preference about spa destinations based on different job groups, office workers had a preference for Yuseong and Bugok, professional workers for Bomun, the people engaged in the farming, fishing, livestock raising and housewives for Haeundae and Dongrae, government officials, students, factory workers, the people living on a pension for Onyang, Deoksan and Dogo, and the self-employed for Suanbo. In conclusion, according to the analyses of spa destination preference based on different residence groups, residents of Seoul, Incheon, Gyunggi province, Gangwon province, Daejeon, Chungcheong province and Jeolla province had a preference for Yuseong, Suanbo, Onyang, Deoksan, and Asan and the residents of Daegu, Gyungsang province, Busan, Ulsan for Bugok, Bomun, and Haeundae.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.36-39
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• 2002

온양온천 지역 지하수에 대한 수질 조사결과, 심부 피압대수층에서 산출되는 온천수의 수질이 천층의 저온지하수에 강하게 영향을 받고 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 이들 두 종류의 물 사이에서 매우 높은 상대적인 농도차이를 보이는 불소이온농도를 이용하여 천층지하수의 영향정도를 정량화할 수 있었다. 이 같은 방법으로 계산된 천층지하수 영향정도는 온천수취수정에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있었으나, 최소 10 %에서 최대 50%에 이르는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 관찰결과는 오염에 취약하지 않은 것으로 알려진 심부의 피압대수층도 과도한 양수가 이루어지게 되면 오염에 취약한 천층부의 지하수를 다량 심부로 유입시킴으로써, 점차 오염되어질 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.500-502
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• 2010

온천수는 땅 표면에 자연 용출되거나 인공적으로 시추하여 끌어올린 지하수로서 수온이 그 지역의 연평균 기온 또는 그 지역의 얕은 지층의 지하수 수온보다 높아야 한다. 우리나라는 섭씨 25도 이상을 온천으로 규정하고 있다. 온천수는 일반적으로 혈액순환, 진통완화, 진정작용, 피부미용에 효과가 있는 것으로 널리 알려져 있으며 이것의 효능은 일반적으로 수온과 물속에 포함되어 있는 다양한 미네랄 성분의 작용으로 알려져 있다. 아산지역은 온양, 도고, 아산 온천으로 유명한 온천지대이다. 본 연구에서는 온천수를 화장품 제형에 적용시키고 피부자극테스트를 통하여 피부자극이 없음과 온양온천수를 이용한 제품에서 8.56%의 경피수분함유량의 증가가 나타나 피부개선 효과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.199-203
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• 2001

온양온천지구의 13개 온천공에서 채취한 온천수의 수질 자료를 이용하여 심부 온천수와 천부 지하수의 혼합비를 추정하였다. 온천수의 pH, EC, 및 주요 이온의 농도는 40~54$^{\circ}C$의 범위를 나타내는 온천수의 온도와 뚜렷한 선형의 비례관계를 나타내며, 수온이 낮아질수록 천부 지하수의 수질 특성에 가까워지는 특성을 보인다. pH, $K^{+}$, F$^{-}$, 및 Si는 온도와 정(+)의 비례관계를, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, Cl$^{-}$, HCO$_3$$^{-}$, SO$_4$$^{2-}$ , NO$_3$$^{-}$ 및 EC는 부(-)의 비례관계를 나타낸다. 온천수의 온도와 수질과의 이러한 상관성은 수질 특성이 상이한 고온의 심부 온천수와 저온의 천부 지하수가 각 온천공에서 서로 다른 비율로 혼합되어 나타난 결과로 해석된다. 최고 온도를 나타내는 온천수와 온천지구 내 지하수의 수질을 끝 성분(end member)으로 가정하고 혼합비를 계산한 결과, 온천지구에서 현재 채수되는 온천수에는 20% 내외의 천부 지하수가 혼합되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 온천수와 지하수의 수질 자료를 파이퍼 다이어그램에 도시한 결과 $Na^{+}$-HCO$_3$$^{-}$의 유형을 나타내는 13개 온천수는 전체적으로 직선 상에 분포하는 경향을 보였으며, $Ca^{2+}$-HCO$_3$$^{-}$의 유형을 나타내는 지하수는 직선의 연장선상에 분포하여 온천수와 지하수의 혼합이 일어나고 있음을 보여준다. 온천공 수질 검층 결과, 심도 145m를 경계로 지하수와 온천수가 상하부에 부존되어 있으며, 경계부에서 혼합이 발생하고 있는 것으로 추정된다.