• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2016

This study collected opinions about the design and management of toothbrushing facilities from schoolteachers and the people in charge of public centers, through a focus group interview (FGI), for the development of guidelines. Four moderators conducted eight FGIs of 32 subjects in charge of toothbrushing facilities across all the regions. The qualitative data was analyzed by constant comparative analysis. The findings indicated that more students utilized the facility and brushed their teeth after the installation of toothbrushing facilities. To enhance students' accessibility and safety, guidelines for design and management guidelinesfor toothbrushing facilities need to be developed; the location, sink height and depth, drain size, etc. should be comprehensively considered in the development of the guidelines. This study can help to improve students' satisfaction by enhancing the accessibility, safety, and functionality of toothbrushing facilities, and by providing fundamental data for toothbrushing facilities' development. Finally, this study can maximize the effects of management of toothbrushing facilities management on the improvement of students' oral health and behaviors.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1792-1793
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 양치 방향 및 각 부위에서의 양치 시간이 기록 가능한 지능형 칫솔을 이용하여 양치 교육에 따른 효과를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 칫솔의 가속도 센서를 이용한 자동 검출 부위는 칫솔모의 위, 아래, 오른쪽, 왼쪽으로 4등분 하였다. 실험 방법은 피험자로 하여금 첫 번째 실험에서는 평상시의 양치 습관을 따라서 자유롭게 측정하였으며, 지능형 칫솔을 이용한 교육 영상시청 및 양치 방법의 점수화를 통하여 피험자의 습관 교정의 필요성을 인지하도록 하였다. 그 후 일주일 동안은 각 가정에서 동영상 시청을 통한 습관 교정을 하였으며 두 번째 실험에서는 첫 번째 실험과 같이 자유로운 양치를 하도록 하였다. 결과적으로 4 부위별 양치시간이 교육 전에 비해 균형을 이루었으며 총 시간의 증가를 보였다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the effects of tooth-brushing facilities (TBF) at middle schools that installed TBF in 2012 as part of the oral health project in Seongdong-gu, Seoul. The subjects were the first graders at A middle school that installed TBF previously and B middle school that installed TBF in 2012. The results are as follows: DMFT, DMFS and CPI didn't show significant difference by schools (p>0.05), but code (0) was higher and code (2) was lower in female students than male students (p<0.05). As to PHP index, the students at A school with TBF indicated better oral hygiene (p<0.01). In the research on before and after installing TBF, the oral hygiene was improved significantly more after the installation than before (p <0.01). In the comparison on the oral health-related behavior, the percentage of not brushing after lunch was higher B school than A school and the frequency of toothbrushing after lunch was higher A school than B school (p<0.01). About the reasons why not to brush after lunch, there was difference in 'lack of the place' as A school showed 2.6% while B school without TBF indicated 14.2% (p<0.01). About the changes of the oral health-related behavior before and after TBF installation, the percentage of not brushing after lunch increased from 78.7% to 83.8% after the installation. The average frequency of tooth-brushing after lunch for one week also decreased from 0.50 to 0.34 (p>0.05). Among the reasons why not to brush after lunch, 'lack of the place' significantly reduced, but 'because other friends don't do it' increased greatly after the installation (p <0.05). Only with the improvement of oral health knowledge, we cannot expect either clinical or behavioral significance. Not only schools but policies of governmental agencies and financial support, cooperation of community-related groups for program development and evaluation will contribute altogether to helping teenagers to habitualize proper oral health management.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2012

Daejeon school-based toothbrushing program using toothbrushing room started at 2007. Ministry of Health and Welfare started national toothbrushing room program without pilot project at 2011. The aim of this study was to provide the basic data to assess of the effect of this program. 59 experimental subjects and 60 control subject were selected after written consent. Oral Examination was done by 1 dentist using WHO standard and Survey of Child Oral Health-Related Quality of Life(COHIP), oral health knowledge and oral health behavior were done using self-registration form. We analyzed the result after adjusting economic status and subjective for the difference between experimental and control groups using SPSS 19.0. The experimental group had lower plaque index, better COHIP and more oral health knowledge significantly(p<0.05). But, The significance was not found in dental caries index and oral health behavior. We suggested the oral health education program and other dental caries prevention program including sealants were needed to prevent dental caries, although school-based toothbrushing program could improve COHIP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate the effect of a mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride on reduction of morning oral malodor in healthy subjects measured by organoleptic measurement and a portable sulfide monitor. A total of 8 healthy non-smoking male volunteers were enrolled in this study of crossover design consisting of two experimental phases. The subjects were instructed to rinse the mouth with 10 mL of the experimental mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride for 30 seconds at the first phase. At the second phase after a one-week washout period, each subject rinsed with distilled water as a control. All experiments were conducted at around 8:30 a.m. and oral malodor was measured using organoleptic measurement and a portable sulfide monitor just before rinsing with the experimental mouthwash or control (baseline), 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 3 hrs after rinsing. The mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride reduced morning oral malodor up to 3 hrs after rinsing. Organoleptic score and concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds after use of the experimental mouthwash significantly decreased with time, and the decreases were significantly different between the mouthwash and control. In conclusion, the mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride is significantly effective on reduction of morning oral malodor in healthy subjects by 3 hrs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of some commercially available mouthwashes and to ascertain whether the mouthwashes accelerated mineral loss in dental enamel. Five commercially available mouthwashes were selected from the three largest malls in Korea: Perio Total 7 Aqua Cool Mint Strong $Fresh^{TM}$ (PS; LG Household & Health Care Ltd.), Garglin $Original^{TM}$ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Garglin $Zero^{TM}$ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Listerine Naturals $Citrus^{TM}$ (LC; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.), and Listerine Cool $Mint^{TM}$ (LM; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.). The composition, pH, and titratable acidity of the mouthwashes were investigated. Six bovine teeth specimens were prepared for each mouthwash group. Each of the six specimens was individually immersed in 30 ml aliquots of mouthwash for 1 minute, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes, and the samples were placed in a $36.5^{\circ}C$ stirred incubator. The degree of mineral loss (${\Delta}F$) of the tooth surface area exposed to mouthwash, compared with normal teeth, was analyzed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital. The difference in ${\Delta}F$ among mouthwash groups was examined by the Kruskal-Wallis H test (${\alpha}=0.05$). The contents of mouthwashes differed between Listerine and other products, and the pH ranged from 4.09 to 6.75. The titratable acidity of PS was the lowest at 0.63 ml and highest at 9.25 ml for LM. Minor mineral loss was observed when dental specimens were immersed in the Listerine products (LC and LM) for more than 90 minutes, but the degree of mineral loss for Listerine products was not statistically significantly different from that for groups without mineral loss. In conclusion, all five commercially available mouthwashes showed no harmful effects on tooth enamel.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the microbiological contamination on toothbrushes, toothbrush caps, and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers and to evaluate the toxin genes, toxin production ability and antibiotic resistance of food-borne pathogens. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were 5.3 log CFU and 3.2 log CFU. Coliform bacteria were detected in 41 (54.7%) of 75 toothbrushes, 13 (44.8%) of 29 toothbrush caps, and 29 (44.6%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Salmonella spp. was not detected in all of samples but Bacillus cereus was isolated from 1 (1.3%) of 75 toothbrushes and 2 (3.1%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1 (1.5%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. The nheA, nheB, nheC, hblC, hblD, hblA and entFM toxin genes were possessed in B. cereus isolated from toothbrush which also produce NHE and HBL enterotoxins. S. aureus was resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, while B. cereus was resistant to ${\beta}-lactam$ antibiotics. These results indicated that the sanitary conditions of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers should be improved promptly. The UV sterilization after drying and then storage in dried condition is required to improve the sanitary condition of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care center.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.367-373
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-caries effect of the essential oils and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. 42 subjects were randomized allocated to the chlorhexidine (n=22) and essential oils group (n=20). Subjects were instructed to rinsing each mouthwash by 15 ml once a day during the 7 days. The CRT and Cariview scores were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Data was analysed by using PASW 18.0 program with independent t-test and paired t-test. After 1 month, Cariview score was shown reducing compare to baseline. However, there were no significant differences between the groups. High risk level of MS and LB was decreased to 9~15% after treatment in two groups. Both of the chlorhexidine and essential oils mouth wash showed an antiplaque effect. Although chlorhexidine continues to be the "gold standard" in terms of antiplaque effect, essential oils could be considered a reliable alternative antimicrobial agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-446
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• 2012

The preliminary study for providing the relationship of the factors which are climate and the pteridophyta was carried out. Dormancy form and leaf phenology of the 321 taxa belonging to 27 families were analyzed. This survey shows life-form spectrum of Korean ferns. The results obtained from this study were as follows: Deciduous (d), Evergreen (e) and Summer-deciduous (sd) were calculated as 37.4%, 59.2%, 1.9%, respectively and the Evergreen (e) has the highest value compared to the other leaf phenologies. It observed from the life-form spectra that Hemicryptophytes (H) was the most common dormancy form at 42.1%. Geophytes (G), Epiphytes (E) and Chamaephytes (Ch) were calculated at 25.5%, 15.9%, and 11.8%, respectively. There will be a discussion about geographical distribution of Korean ferns and possibility of their distribution range.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention effect of oral disease on the school-based toothbrushing program(SBTBP) in Daejeon in 30 months. The experimental subjects were the 5th grade's 70 students who have gone to school with the school-based toothbrushing program since the 3th-grade. The control school was located in close geographical area with similar economical status. The questionnaire about oral health knowledge and behavior was done by self-recording. After one dentist examined the dental caries and periodontal status, the gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) was collected with #25 paperpoint for 1 miniutes. Matrix Metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in GCF was analyzed by ELISA. The SBTBP group had the upper oral health knowledge than the control significantly(p<0.001), but, the SBTBP group had no difference of the oral health behavior from the control. Although the SBTBP group had the lower plaque index than the control significantly(p=0.02), the SBTBP group had no difference of the gingival index, calculus index and the concentration of MMP-9 in GCF from the control. In conclusion, The SBTBP had the effect to reduce the dental plaque and to improve the oral health knowledge. On the other hand, the effect to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease of SBTBP was not clear.