• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-109
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• 2000

Objective：This was conduced to evaluate the effect of early intervention to promote the development of children with developmental disorders. Methods：49 children(31 in PDD group and 18 in DLD group) participated in a one year day treatment program conduced from 1996 to 1999. They were performed PEP, CARS, and SMS. They were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age and CARS score at the beginning of the program and the treatment effect was compared. Results：The children who participated in the day treatment program showed significant increase in their PEP, SMS score, and decrease trend in their CARS score. When children were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age, and severity in CARS score we did not find out significant difference between groups. Conclusion：Our data suggest that the day treatment program which emphasis on development is effective in treating children with developmental disorders.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of parents' childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior in developing early childhood self-regulation, a developmental skill. Methods: This research was conducted with 171 preschoolers, 171 parent couples, and 22 teachers of 5-year-old classes in kindergartens and children's houses in Seoul. Results: First, there was significant correlation among parental childhood attachment representations, parenting behavior, and child self-regulation. Second, parental attachment representations and parenting behavior were shown to affect self-monitoring, a subvariable of self-regulation, and were influenced by maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior, maternal attachment representation, and parental attachment representation. As factors affecting self-control, a subvariable of self-regulation, they were influenced by maternal attachment representation, and maternal and paternal affectionate parenting behavior. Lastly, as factors affecting self-control, they were influenced by attachment representation to parents of origin, maternal affectionate parenting behavior, and maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior. Conclusion: This research revealed that parental childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior are important variables affecting the development of self-regulation in preschoolers. This finding can be used as basic data for parent education content to help preschoolers grow healthier and happier and as basic data for a program to improve parent-child attachment.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-51
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of child abuse, children's peer attachment and self-esteem on children's depression/anxiety. In addition, the mediating role of children's peer attachment and self-esteem between child abuse and children's depression/anxiety was investigated. Methods: Using the data of 396 children in grades 4~6 from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (2015), this study was conducted by applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, child abuse had a direct influence on children's depression/anxiety, and self-esteem. Second, children's self-esteem had a direct influence on depression/anxiety. Third, children's self-esteem had mediating effects on the relationship between child abuse and children's depression/anxiety. Fourth, children's peer relationships had a direct influence on self-esteem. But, children's peer attachment did not have a direct influence on depression/anxiety. The effect of children's peer attachment on their depression/anxiety was partially mediated by children's self-esteem. Conclusion/Implications: In conclusion, child abuse, children's peer attachment and self-esteem have a direct or indirect impact on the depression/anxiety of children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-131
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• 1995

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the relations between infant-mother attachment and maternal sensitivity, maltreatment, stress, and childhood experience, and (2) relations between infant-mother attachment and infant temperament. The subjects of the study were 55 14 to 20 month-old infants (27 boys and 28 girls) and their mothers in Seoul. In order to assess the patterns of infant-mother attachment, each infant-mother dyad was videotaped in the modified Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Each dyad was filmed for 3 minutes in the Questionnaire Situation of Smith and Pederson(Smith, & Pederson, 1988) to assess maternal sensitivity responding to infant's cues. Each mother also was interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire made by author to measure maternal maltreatment. Each mother was asked to complete three Likert-type questionnaires, containing Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Abidin, 1990) to measure the maternal stress, Mother-Father Peer Scale (MFPS) (Epstein, 1983) to measure childhood experience, and Emotionality, Activity, Sociality (EAS) (Buss, & Plomin, 1984) to measure infant's temperament. The statistical procedures used for data analyses were correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient. The results showed that (1) mothers of insecure-avoidant infants maltreated their infants more than mothers of secure infants, and (2) in the multiple regression analysis, maternal maltreatment was predicted by maternal education, maternal stress (parent domain), and maternal childhood experience in relation to her own mother (acceptance vs. rejection).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness, young child attachment stability, and emotion regulation ability on problematic behaviors. The participants of this study consisted of 279 children (age 5), and their mothers, and 48 teachers. Methods: The data was analyzed by means of t -test, Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and SEM analyses. Results and Conclusion: The major findings were as follows. First, higher maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness was associated with better child attachment stability. Second, higher child attachment stability was associated with better child emotion regulation at home and lower problematic behavior. Third, higher child emotion regulation at home and in the classroom was associated with lower problematic behavior. Fourth, maternal attitudes toward child emotional expressiveness directly impacted levels of problematic behavior. Fifth, child emotional regulation fully mediated the effect of attachment stability on problematic behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting attitudes and to identify factors influencing this parenting attitude in mothers of children with hemophilia. Method: The participants in this study were 119 mothers of children with hemophilia (under 18 years of age) who were registered members of the Korea Hemophilia Foundation. Data were collected using the Mother-Infant Attachment Scale, Maternal Guilt Scale and Parenting Attitude Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The parenting attitude was 3.02 (total possible score=4). By subcategories, achievement attitude was the highest (3.45). Of the factors influencing parenting attitudes, mother-child attachment, maternal guilt and self-esteem account for 45.6% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that attitudes of parents of children with hemophilia were positive. As mother-child attachment and maternal guilt were identified as major factors in predicting parenting attitudes, there is a need to consider interventions that will increase mother-child attachment and decrease maternal guilt.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parenting attitudes on writing vicious internet replies and the viewing of internet pornography. This study utilized logistic and multiple regression analyses of the 5th wave(2nd grade in middle school) data from the Korean Youth Panel Study(KYPS), as administered by the National Youth Policy Institute. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, parenting attitudes were found to decrease the writing of vicious internet replies and the viewing of internet pornography. Second, there was a significant gender difference in the effect of parenting attitudes. As for male adolescents, parental monitoring was more important in the decrease in writing vicious internet replies and the viewing of internet pornography than parental attachment. In contrast, for female adolescents, parental attachment was more important in decreasing the viewing of internet pornography than parental monitoring. On the basis of these results, several implications for youth welfare practice and policy were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined that general characteristics such as gender, age, period of stay at an institution, size of facility, and temperament and attachment affect young children's development under institutional care. Methods: A total of 94 young children (ages 2-4years), who live in 32 institutions in Seoul were assessed on their development using the Korean-Age & Stage Questionnaire. Pearson productmoment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: first, a longer period of stay at an institution had more positive effects on the development of communication. Facilities with more than 60 children had lower communication, gross motor, and fine motor development compared to facilities with less than 60 children. Second, social temperament had positive effects on communication, problem solving, and personal-social development. Emotional temperament had no effects on all development areas. Third, attachment had positive effects on all development areas. Lastly, social temperament and attachment had interactive effects on communication, gross motor, problem solving, and personal-social development. Conclusion: These results imply that caretakers in institutions should give developmental mediation services for considering temperament and facilitation of attachment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prospective links among perspective taking, attachment security, and executive function and the mediating role of executive function on the relationship between attachment security and perspective taking. Methods: The participants included 147 preschoolers living in Gyeonggi. The data-analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the Sobel test. Results: First, preschoolers' perspective taking was significantly related to attachment security, and executive function. Furthermore, there was a significant association between attachment security and executive function. As expected, the correlations were positive in all cases. Second, the effects of attachment security on intention and emotion perspective takings were fully mediated by executive function when holding children's age and vocabulary constant. However, executive function did not predict thought perspective taking, whereas attachment security did. Conclusion: Given that parent-child attachment security might play an important role in child cognitive and socio-cognitive development, parents' endeavors to enhance the quality of the attachment relationship could be a fruitful path for preschoolers' developing executive capacities and perspective taking.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of internet use type on the relationship between parental attachment and school life adjustment. Methods: For this study, data were drawn from 4th wave panel data of Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey. 1,537 1st graders of middle school were used for analysis. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows. First, adolescents' parental attachment positively influenced school life adjustment. Second, study oriented internet use positively influenced school life adjustment. However, entertainment oriented internet use negatively influenced school life adjustment, and relation oriented internet use did not influence school life adjustment. Third, study and entertainment oriented internet use mediated parental attachment and school life adjustment. However, relation oriented internet use did not mediate parental attachment and school life adjustment. Conclusion: The discovery that study oriented internet is a factor that can improve school life adjustment carries a significant meaning. Based on the results, some implications are discussed to improve school life adjustment in early adolescence.