• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.49
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• pp.73-107
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• 2012

Yeoheon Jang Hyeongwang(1554-1637), one of the greatest Mid-Joseon Confucianists did systematic studies on universe and nature. It can be considered that he inherited the academic tradition of Cho Sik (曺植) and Jeong Gu(鄭逑) and followed their steps of fengshui (風水) and compilation of geographical records. His living and thought and deserve researching with regard to geographical studies. This paper attempts to analyze Yeoheon's recognition of geography in general. In other words, I shall prove that his view of geography is Neo-Confucian. At the same time, I shall discuss how he named people's residence, how he understanded the Joseon territory, what he thought about fengshui, and what significance the complication of geographical records by his disciples had. Yeoheon considered that land is composed of water, fire, earth, and rock, and understanded the land according to the theory of Zhouyi (周易). He analyzed geographic environments by the system of Zhouyi. His study of geography is basically intended for practical use, and as a result is necessary for people to choose where to live and where to cultivate. In his opinion, it is essential to divide the land of the Joseon by means of geographical differences in order to help people to find a better place to live. We can see his Confucian view from the fact that he placed a greater emphasis on human beings over nature. Therefore, the practical use for humans is the first priority in his study of geography. Meanwhile, he considered nature itself as only the object of study. He realized the vitality of life by making a close observation of nature and attained the mind of the Heaven and Earth in a detached way. He, as a follower of Neo-Confucianism, enjoyed the land by feeling comfortable with his present status and by being satisfied with himself. He put his Confucian view of universe and world into practice in his life. As a part of his efforts, he named his residence and surrounding natural environments with the polar star and 28 stars, and accordingly they are reconstructed in a system of universe. The Confucian tradition of dongcheon gugok (洞天九曲) starting with Zhu Xi's administration of wuyi jiugu (武夷九曲) was widely prevalent during the Joseon period, but Yeoheon's system of organizing places is original. His sense of naming places reflects his ideas of following his predecessors, comparing natural objects to human emotions, and desiring to live in retirement. Yeoheon understanded the Joseon territory with comparison of the Chinese land. He expressed his knowledge in the form of changing geographical features of a district, appreciating natural beauty, locating towns, and being familiar with a region, and proposing his own climatology and view of the reality. His recognition of the Joseon territory resolves itself into the following several points. He regarded the Joseon territory as one organism, and considered the territory to be composed of ki (氣) as Neo-Confucianists usually do. In addition, he understanded not only natural environments but also towns from a perspective of the fengshui and adopted a comparative methodology in dividing regions. He also applied climatology to analyze persons and customs. He employed the methodology of fengshui from the comprehensive theory of the Yijing. It is because he was influenced by Cho Sik and Jeng Gu. Yeoheon chose dwelling places for people, or gave advice on several places of his hometown relying on his knowledge of fengshui. When it comes to his theory of fengshui, he agreed with the theory of topography with regards to the fengshui of tombs, but criticized the custom of delaying funerals in order to turn fortune in one's favor. In addition, he accepted that it is necessary to complement a town by creating forests around it. We need to pay attention to the fact that Yeoheon's disciples complied several geographical records. It proves that they inherited the tradition of "valuing practical use and governing on behalf of the people" from Cho Sik and Jeong Gu. Yeoheon put a great emphasis on geographical records and encouraged his disciples to compile them. In other words, he emphasized that they, as administrator or intellectual, need to be erudite in the history and custom of a region where they have lived, and have to establish a standard to encourage or warn people in the region while considering the geographical records. His opinion functioned as a guideline for his successors to compile geographical records later. This paper only analyzed several facts with regard to Yeoheon's knowledge of geography and an academic tradition concerning the study of geography. In the future, I shall discuss how his predecessors and successors understanded geography and how the tradition of compiling geographical records was transferred and developed between them. I believe that this study will contribute to establishing the history of geography, which the Joseon Confucianists researched for a long time but we have not paid an enough attention to until now.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.142
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• pp.241-263
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Toegye's simhak in relation to spiritualism. In general, we call Chu Hsi's learning "lihak" (the learning of principle) while Wang Yangming's learning is described as "simhak" (the learning of mind). However, we sometimes call Toegye's learning "simhak" in spite of his respect for Chu Hsi's philosophy of li. Toegye's simhak is different from Wang Yangming's. Nonetheless, Toegye too, highlighted the existential meaning of truth. Toegye regarded simgyung (the book of mind) as one of the most important classics for self-cultivation. As is well known, Toegye's main concern was concentration on mind and heart cultivation. Toegye understood li as a spiritual being, which can actualize itself. The goal of simhak is to become a sage. For a sage, there is no contradiction between moral norm and human desire. To become a sage, Toegye developed the theory and practice of mind cultivation. Toegye's simhak has some common characteristics with Louis Lavelle's philosophy of spiritualism. Both Toegye and Louis Lavelle lay great emphasis on self reflection and spiritual life. In particular, Toegye developed the concrete method of mind cultivation. In the 21st century, human beings are confronted with spiritual crisis in many aspects. Toegye's simhak can be advanced as useful wisdom to keep one's mind in a peaceful and harmonious state.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.61-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to understand the context of cosumers' lives in Korea with a narrative analysis method. The epistemological orientation of eh narrative analysis is Interpretivism, which blends the two polar philosophical perspectives, Empiricism and Rationalism, and includes Narrotology, Hermeneneutics, Semiotics, and Structural Criticism. Narrative analysis takes as its object of investigation the story itself. This study collects eleven narrative plots from four housewives, into which Labov's structural approach is applied. This study shows clearly that the socio-cultural environment in which consumers live has strong influence on their consumption behavior and also reveals that narrativization tells not only about past actions but how individuals understand those actions, that is, meaning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.345-360
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• 2022

This study is to explore the awareness of human rights and human rights education of workers in welfare facilities for the disabled from various aspects by using Creswell's mixed methodology. Although 10 years have passed since the statutory compulsory human rights education in welfare facilities for the disabled was implemented, there is still a limit to containing practical contents that can be applied to the welfare field for the disabled. Based on this reality, this study intends to examine in depth what human rights education is perceived by workers in welfare facilities for the disabled. As a result of the study, in the qualitative analysis, human rights in the field of social welfare practice, the perception of human rights education and human rights instructors, the direction of effective human rights education development, and the creation of a human rights-friendly community were presented as major issues. In the quantitative analysis, a survey was conducted targeting the welfare facilities of the disabled in Seongnam City to understand the general status of human rights education and the specific conditions of human rights education including the educational environment. Based on the results, including the results of qualitative analysis, a development direction for statutory compulsory human rights education for workers in welfare facilities for the disabled was proposed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-376
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• 1997

환경교육의 목적은 환경문제점에 대하여 자각하고 관심을 가지며 현존하는 문제점들에 대한 해결과 새로운 문제점의 예방을 위하여 개인적으로나 집단적으로 일할 지식, 기술, 태도, 동기 그리고 책임에 대하여 교육시켜 가는데 있으며 이와 같은 목적을 충족시키기 위하여 환경교육의 대상이 되는 개념으로서 경제사회발전과 환경보전의 조화라는 관점에서 관심을 모으는 ESSD개념은 유엔이 국제환경보전운동의 지침으로 삼고있는 환경적으로 건전한 지속적 개발(Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development)개념으로서 개발은 환경용량의 범위 내에서 추구되어야 하며 지속성의 관점에서 정부와 모든 국민들은 그들 자신의 복리는 물론, 그들의 후손을 위해 환경을 보전하는데 공동의 노력을 쏟아야 할 윤리적 가치를 강조하고 있다. 우리나가가 현재 직면하고 있는 환경문제를 ESSD개년의 도입과 실천을 통하여 해결하고자 하는 의지가 있어야 할 것이며, ESSD개념에 입각하여 인관과 환경간의 관련성의 새로운 개념에 대한 인식을 국민모두가 갖도록 하는 환경교육을 통하여 환경에 관한 가치가 개개인의 생활양식은 물론 기업 환경의식이나 정부의 의사결정 과정에 구현되어야 할 것이다. ESSD개념은 환경교육에서 환경보전과 경제사회발전이 어떻게 양립될 수 있는가를 강조하는 것이 되어야 할 것이며 학교환경교육이나 일반성인을 대상으로 하는 환경교육에서는 물론 정치적 관심이나 각 부처간의 이익을 초월하여 개발과 환경보전을 역동적으로 통합시킬 수 있도록 입법부나 행정부처의 공무원을 대상으로 하는 환경교육에도 포함되어야 할 것이며 환경문제에 관련된 전문가를 교육하는 현행제도를 재평가하여 단지 단기적인 현실만이 아니라 ESSD개념에 바탕을 둔 장래 개발문제에 대처해 나갈 수 있는 환경전문가를 위한 교육과정의 설계와 교육방법론의 체계적인 연구조사가 있어야 할 것이다. 이러한 환경교육의 중요성에 대하서는 의제 21, 지방의제 21 그리고 인간정주 의제서에 계속적으로 강조되어왔으며 국내에서도 이에 대한 체계적인 차원에서의 대응이 준비되고 있으며 이에대한 많은 각별한 관심과 참여가 요구되어진다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.101-106
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• 2019

This paper considers the historicity and aesthetical implications of in the art world of Paul Ryan(1943-2013) who designed the aestheticization of relational circuit of society by realizing the value of social transformation being inherent in video with cultural practices and suggesting the interdisciplinary method of leaning and research in the early video art history. To do this, in Chapter II, I review the first artwork presented firstly in the art gallery exhibition "TV as a Creative Medium" in 1969, in which Ryan proposed a video medium as a communication system and experimented the concept of 'feedback' in Cybernetics. And Chapter III focuses Ryan's discursive activities contributed to magazine Radical Software and artist-collective Raindance Corporation with growing interest in communication technology. At this time, Ryan regarded video medium as the tool for cybernetic expansion. Finally Chapter IV deals with the development of ecological method based on "a shared perception of environmental realities" and verifies Ryan's vision that video medium would be most effective means of social change and communication.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.171-197
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• 2017

This research aims for suggesting the significance and approaching method of historical study in health law in light of its historical progress and fundamental understanding of jurisprudential method. Historical research method of health law primarily targets to investigate the changes of the law in historical circumstances. In a further practical view point, however, the purpose of the study is to understand the 'current' system of health law appropriately. In addition, historical study enables us to recognize the fact that many systems related to health law are connected and interactive. The study can even function as an important reference when designing future health law system. Therefore, health law researchers have to investigate ideological, philosophical, political, economic, or social reasons of why such rules were legislated beyond a mere confirmation of past forms of the health law system. In other words, it is not only important to understand the provisions of past health law but also to examine how the regulations have formed, how they established the regulatory power in reality. Identifying how the rule of law had been executed in the reality of law is also a crucial part of historical study.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.31
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• pp.261-293
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• 2005

This article aims at investigating the origin of 'gookmin', which is currently working as the dominant discourse and leading identity in the South Korean society. Like 'nation', 'people' or/and 'citizen', the term of 'gookmin' is a very much particular and historical outcome of the colonial modernity. Nevertheless, however, there have been not so much serious socio-linguistic, cultural-political studies about its root. It is theoretically as well as practically quite important to trace back the birth of 'gookmin', which is working as an ideological, epistemological frame in/between subject and reality. In this regard, this article will consider the late Japanese colonial period as a key period of the birth of 'gookmin'. It will then critically scrutinize how the total mobilization system by adopted the colonial government has formed the discourse and subjectivity of 'gookmin' based on various physical apparatuses. By revealing that a totalistic nation/state of Japanese colonialism is behind 'gookmin', which wanted to mobilize every individuals into a so-called article of empire, this article tries to show the fascist and propaganda nature of 'gookmin' continuing even after the liberation. As a historical-materialist work of deconstruction the dominant discourse of 'gookmin', this study will basically take a cultural studies approach.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.139-160
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• 2018

'Gyeokmulchiji' (格物致知), coming to knowledge based on the investigation of things) is a starting point for any study and politics of Confucianism. Much emphasis was placed on the conception of 'Gyeokchi' as a root of every learning and adminstration in the early Joseon period. As Confucianism established itself as a salient value system of the government, a mighty change and paradigm shift happened in its governmental system which had depended upon Buddhism up to that time. Thus, Confucian statecraft also stood out. Daehakyeonui (大學衍義) was preached as a model of regal learning and politics in the governmental agon, and its conceptual starting point was 'Gyeokchi.' The various interpretations and arguments about this concept shows the process in which Zhu Xi NeoConfucianism was deepened into Neo-Confucianism of Joseon's own. This conception reached the essence of 'Li' beyond the problem of cognitive subject and object, and provided a watershed which divided Giho (畿湖) and Yeongnam (嶺南) schools. Confucian method of study, which incorporates knowledge and practice, has great implications for our times when there are many voices of concern over humanities. The enhancement of universities and humanities is much needed to adjust the direction and pace of scientific technology, which is now entirely left with the logic of market. Accordingly, it is quite urgent for us to examine our object of learning again, which should integrate 'Sugi' (修己, cultivating oneself) with 'Chi-in' (治人, governing others), and knowledge with practice.

• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.493-506
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• 2010

In this study, we conducted classroom activities that are exploring and explaining visualized materials for problem solving of school mathematics with pre-service teachers in 2007~2009. After finishing these classroom activities, pre-service teachers recorded an afternote that includes changes of their thinking about mathematics and mathematics education through these activities in this study. We collected various opinions of pre-service mathematics teachers. From the analysis these data, we searched educational effects of our classroom activities. Through conducting the practice like these classroom activities of our study, pre-service mathematics teachers will have an opportunity of a practical training that supports the teaching of mathematical problem-solving. Moreover their PCK will be enhanced. Also, They will learn a good way to realize the aim of school mathematics curriculum.