• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the effects of plug tray cell size and growth media on good seedling production of Gerbera hybrida Hort. Seedlings were grown for 60 days in 50, 72, 128, 162 cell trays contanning perlite, cocopeat and perlite+cocopeat(1:1, v/v). Perlite showed higher bulk density than cocopeat and perlite+cocopeat. Total porosity was greater in perlite, cocopeat and perlite+cocopeat in order. Cocopeat showed the highest water holding capacity. Number of leaves were greatest in 128 cell tray containing cocopeat. Leaf area was greatest in 50 cell tray containing cocopeat. Seedling growth was also better in plug tray of bigger cell size. Seedling growth of fresh and dry weight of shoot and root was much better in the growth media of perlite+cocopeat.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.540-544
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• 2001

The effect of long day treatment on the growth and flower bud differentiation of persimmon tree grown in a heated plastic house was investigated. The rate of leaf sprout was 65% in the long day treatment and 71% in natural day (control). In the long day, the shoot grew 16.7 cm longer, full bloom and harvest days were shorter, fruit weight was 16% lighter, and the sweetness and firmness of fruit were lower. The photosynthesis rate in the long day treatment was higher, showing the tendency of increasing with time. However, the rate of photosynthesis increased after 1600 hours showed higher than the control. Carbohydrate accumulation in the shoot was decreased, with higher nitrogen content and lower C/N ratio in the long day. The number of flower primordia per bud was less, and the days for differentiation was longer in the long day.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the chronological growth characteristics of Gaeryangmeoru grapes, by observation of the developmental process of the axillary bud, fruit quality, and anatomical structure of the pericarp. No necrosis of axillary buds was observed, irrespective of node position of the shoot, from shoot occurrence to leaf fall. Berry weight, cluster weight, soluble solid content and titratable acidity were analyzed to be 1.2 g, 128.8 g, $16.9^{\circ}Brix$, and 1.57%, respectively, at maturity. The sugar was composed of fructose and glucose, with a ratio of 1:1 (fructose: glucose) at maturity. Malic acid was predominant among the organic acids, and conformed to the changes of chronological titratable acidity. Sugar and organic acid content changed dramatically starting a week before veraison. The degraded ovules were observed before and after fertilization, and the pericarp was composed of one epidermis, and seven to ten hypodermis layers at maturity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2008

To evaluate growth chracteristics, vitamin C content and antioxidative activity of Sedum sarmentosum, 13 local strains were cultivated in the field. Keumsan, Bucheon, and Pocheon strains had narrow and oblong leaf, long hight, and slender stem compared to the other strains. Wanju and Gunsan strains were not formed flower stalks, and did not flower during the flowering time. Vitamin C contents were ranged from 407.8 to $434.4\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, and it was high in Gwangyang, Buan, Wanju, and Gunsan strains. But vita min C contents didn't show a significant difference among strains. In antioxidative activity between fresh and freeze dried shoots, electron donating abilities (EDA) were ranged from 45.0 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of fresh shoot, and from 61.3 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of freeze dried shoot. Gwangyang, Suncheon, Wando strains showed high EDA compared to the others. Vitamine C content and antioxidant activity were highest in Gwangyang strain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2001

Experiment was performed to investigate the effect of light intensity on growth and flowering status of Korean native Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, Sedum middendorifianum, Hemerocallis aurantiaca, Iris ensata var. spontanea and Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepola for effective landscaping. Number of floret and flower stalk per a plant were markedly increased under full sun(about 100,000lux), and decreased with decreasing light intensity in all tested plants. This result indicate that it will be cultivated in the open for promote landscaping values. However, leaf area and plant height were more increased under half sun(22,000lux) than open(100,000lux) or shade(7,700lux) in all plants except Sedum middendorifianum. Especially, Hemerocallis aurantiaca had same number of shoot and leaf size, even if planted under shade condition to show a wide adaptation to various light intensities.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

This study was conducted to figure out the effect of 'Methlyen Urea(MU)', slow released fertilizer and 'T-Vigor', microbial fertilizer as environment fertilizer on growth of 'Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass for environmental management in golf course. This study was conducted at No. 3, 4, 5 Valley Courses of Rexfield Country Club from April to July in 2004. MU, T-Vigor, sterilized T-Vigor were applied five times with 5g and 7.5ml per square meter, respectively. Polt size was 1 square meter and there were three replications with Completely Randomize Design. Collecting data were turf density$(No.\;of\;shoot\;/cm^2)$, chlorophyll $amount(\%)$, root length(cm), dry weight of clipping(g), and dry weight of root(g). The results are as follows; All of turf density, chlorophyll amount and dry weight(g) of MU and T-Vigor were better than control and sterilized T-Vigor. Especially root length of MU and T-Vigor was superior to control and sterilized T-Vigor, even if temperature and humidity was high. In conclusion, MU and T-Vigor might be used as slow release fertilizer for environmental green management in golf course.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

This study has attempted to facilitate various new technologies related to indoor containers and develop a desirable planting environment after investigating the growth (including root growth) of shade-tolerant landscape plants under slit processing, a natural indoor ventilation system. The following results were found: In terms of the shoot growth of Fatsia japonica in a slit container, no distinctive difference was observed in comparison with the control group. However, growth was good when the container 250mm tall or taller. Therefore, it was verified that optical soil depth is more important than slit processing in shoot growth of Fatsia japonica. In Fatsia japonica root length was observed as follows: Control 2(250mm) > Slit 2(250mm) > Control 1(195mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 1(195mm). The largest growth was observed in Control 2(250mm), which had no slit processing. In term of root width, this was lower than the initial value in all groups, which means that the root grew vertically, not horizontally. In terms of plant height of Ophiopogon japonicus, a gradual increase was observed in the control group that had no slit processing. No significant growth was detected in the slit system, however. In terms of shoot number, slit containers were generally higher than the control group. In terms of fresh and dry weights, on the contrary, slit containers were mostly lower than the control group. In Ophiopogon japonicus, root length was observed as follows: Slit 2(250mm) > Slit 1(195mm) > Control 2(250mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 1(195mm). In Ardisia japonica, slit containers were mostly greater than control group in terms of plant height. The greatest plant height was observed at Slit 2(250mm) instead of Slit 1(195mm) and Slit 3(360mm). Except for plant height and shoot number, however, no significant shoot and root growth was observed. Root length was observed as follows: Slit 2(250mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 1(195mm) > Control 2(250mm) > Control 1(195mm). Therefore, root length in slit containers was mostly greater than in the control group. The width of root, however, declined in general.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.781-787
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• 2014

The effects of elevated temperature and $CO_2$ concentration on vine growth and characteristics of fruits of three-year-old 'Campbell Early' grapevine were investigated. The treatment groups consisted of a control group (ambient temperature and $390{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), an elevated temperature group (ambient temperature + $4.0^{\circ}C$ and $390{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), an elevated $CO_2$ group (ambient temperature and $700{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), and an elevated $CO_2$/temperature group (ambient temperature + $4.0^{\circ}C$ and $700{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$). The average shoot length was 312.6 cm in the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group, which was higher than the other groups; with 206.2 cm in the control group and 255.6 cm and 224.8 cm in the elevated temperature group and elevated $CO_2$ group respectively. However, the shoot diameter showed a tendency of decreasing in the elevated temperature and elevated $CO_2$/temperature groups. The equatorial diameter of berries was increased in the higher carbon dioxide concentration, and the soluble solid content was the highest in the elevated $CO_2$ group, with $14.6^{\circ}Brix$ among all treatment groups and the lowest in the elevated temperature group ($13.9^{\circ}Brix$). The harvest date was approximately 11 d earlier in the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group and 4 to 2 days earlier in the elevated $CO_2$ group and elevated temperature group, respectively. Regarding the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration during the growth period, higher photosynthetic rates were observed in the elevated $CO_2$ group and the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group during the early stage of growth; however the photosynthetic rate was reduced dramatically in summer, which was contrary to transpiration.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.6-8
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• 1991

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of ethrel (2-chloroethylphosophonic acid, 39%) on the graftages quality. Ethrel was sprayed 5 days interval from October 10 to October 30 at 6 places (Suwon (I), (II), Chungju, Kongju, Wanju, Jangsong). Spraying conentration was 1, 000 ppm (400 times dilution). 1. Spray took 3.3 hrs and 500 m of ethrel on 10a eara. 2. The passed rate of graftages decreased 5-8% on the treatments earlier spray than on October 20. 3. New shoot length and number of shoot of the ethrel treatments were the same as the natural leaf falling.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1995

우리나라 사과원에서의 토양병 발생현황과 발생실태를 1991년부터 1993년까지 3년간 조사한 결과, 전체 조사주수의 약 8.1%가 각종의 토양 병원균에 감염되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 토양병 중 자주날개 무늬병의 발생빈도가 5.1%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 흰날개무늬병과 역병의 이병주율은 각각 2.5%와 0.2%로 조사되었다. 자주날개무늬병에 감염된 나무에서는 잎의 황화 및 조기낙엽, 신초생장 억제, 과실 생육 불량 등의 지상부 병징이 관찰되었고, 지하부 뿌리 표면에는 적자색 실모양의 균사나 균사속이 관찰되었다. 감염된 뿌리의 표피는 쉽게 벗겨지고 목질부로부터 잘 이탈되는 특징이 있었다. 흰날개무늬병균에 감염된 나무의 뿌리는 흰색의 균사 혹은 균사막으로 싸여 있으며 이 균사막은 시간이 경과하면 회색 내지 흑색으로 착색되었다. 굵은 뿌리의 표피를 제거하면 목질부에 백색 부채모양의 균사막과 실모양의 균사속을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 병원균은 목질부까지 부패시키므로 병의 증세가 심하게 나타났다. 자주날개무늬병은 새로 개원한 10년 이하의 과원에서 발생이 많았다. 자주날개무늬병은 왜화도가 높은 대목에서 발병율이 높았으나 흰날개무늬병은 대목의 종류에 관계없이 발명되었다. 자주날개무늬병은 식양토 과원에서 발생이 많았으며 흰날개무늬병은 사양토 과원에서 발생이 많았다.