• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.395-411
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• 2013

There are two concepts of division: measurement division and partitive or fair-sharing division. Students are expected to understand comprehensively division algorithm in both contexts. Contents of textbooks and teachers' guidebooks should be suitable for helping students develop comprehensive understanding of algorithm for whole-number division in both contexts. The results of the analysis of textbooks and teachers' guidebooks shows that they fail to connect two division contexts with division algorithm comprehensively. Their expedient and improper use of two division contexts would keep students from developing comprehensive understanding of algorithm for whole-number division. Based on the results of analysis, some ways of improving textbooks and teachers' guidebooks are suggested.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-194
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to look into sub-factors of spatial sense that can be contained in spatial sense of solid figure of mathematics curriculum and offer suggestions to improve teaching spatial sense of solid figures in the future. In order to attain these purposes, this study examined the meaning and sub-factors of spatial sense and the relations between spatial sense of solid figure and sub-factors of spatial sense through a theoretical consideration regarding various studies on spatial sense. Based on such examination, this study compared and analyzed textbooks used in South Korea, Finland and the Netherlands with respect to contents of mathematics curriculum and textbooks in grades, sub-factors of spatial sense, and realistic contexts for spatial sense of solid figure. In the light of such theoretical consideration and analytical results, this study provided suggestions for improving teaching spatial sense of solid figures in elementary schools in Korea as follows: extending contents regarding spatial sense of solid figures in mathematics curriculum and considering continuity between grades in textbooks, emphasizing spatial orientation as well as spatial visualization, underlining not only construction with blocks but also mental activities in mental rotation and mental transformation, comparing strength and weakness of diverse plane representations of three dimensional objects, and utilizing various realistic situations and objects in space.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.169-192
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• 2019

This study investigates how well grade 4, 5, and 6 students understand graphs before formal education is done on graphs. For this, we analyzed students' understanding of graphs by classifying them into 'reading data', 'finding relationships between data', 'interpreting data', and 'understanding situations' based on previous studies. The results show that the students have good understanding of graphs that did not have formal education. This suggests that it is necessary to consider the timing of the introduction of the graph. In addition, when we look at the percentage of correctness of each graph, it is found that the understanding of the line graph is weaker than the other graphs. The common error in most graphs was that students relied on their own subjective thoughts and experiences rather than based on the data presented.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand students' thinking process in the algebra problem solving, on the base of the works of Vinner(1997a, 1997b). Thus, two middle school students were evaluated in this case study to examine how they think to solve algebra word problems. The following question was considered to analyze the thinking process from the similarity-based perspective by focusing on the process of solving algebra word problems; What is the relationship between similarity and the characteristics of thinking process at the time of successful and unsuccessful problem solving? The following results were obtained by analyzing the success or failure in problem solving based on the characteristics of thinking process and similarity composition. Successful problem solving can be based on pseudo-analytical thought and analytical thought. The former is the rule applied in the process of applying closed formulas that is constructed structural similarity not related with the situations described in the text. The latter means that control and correction occurred in all stages of problem solution. The knowledge needed for solutions was applied with the formulation of open-end formulas that is constructed structural similarity in which memory and modification with the related principles or concepts. In conclusion, the student's perception on the principles involved in a solution is very important in solving algebraic word problems.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2007

This paper examines a historical case- the French Revolution- of conceptual change in mathematics. The case that is a space of possibility gave birth to a new community of mathematical practitioners. Carnot and Monge shared the particular conceptions of the problems, aims, and methods of a field and contributed to found Ecole Polytechnique. I intend to show how Carnot's and Monge's mathematical endeavours responded to social, political and technological developments in French society.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.378-387
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the causes of decrease in the number of students taking Chemistry ? in the College Scholastics Ability Test (CSAT) by analyzing the adequacy of the Chemistry I question in the CSAT and the recognition survey of students and teachers about the Chemistry I choice. We analyzed some questions in Chemistry I of the CSAT from the year 2014 to 2016. The questions were analyzed to determine whether they were appropriate to the curriculum content, achievement standard, and achievement level. The target of the survey for perception was 452 senior high school students and 68 science teachers. The result of the study showed that the questions in Chemistry I are somewhat difficult compared to the depth and achievement level required by the curriculum, and it also requires mathematical thinking ability. Students recognized the mathematical thinking and complex mathematical skills are needed to solve problems in Chemistry I. Teachers also thought that the choice of Chemistry I is unfavorable in aspect of meeting the minimum academic ability standard, and accordingly, they did not actively recommend students to take Chemistry I. Moreover, most of the teachers recognized that it is necessary to improve the direction of writing questions for Chemistry I. Therefore, setting questions that can be solved using chemical knowledge, not mathematical ability need to be addressed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.835-846
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of scientifically gifted middle school students about their engineering design process according to gender and talent division. The instrument in surveying their perceptions about the engineering design process consists of 24 items (Likert 5 point type) five domains: problem definition, information collection and utilization, idea generation, inquiry performance, and teamwork (communication, cooperation, leadership). A total of 102 scientifically gifted students participated in the survey, according to gender (69 males and 33 females) and talent divisions (physics, biological sciences, software, mathematics, space-geological sciences, and chemistry). They had a high level of awareness of their engineering design ability. It is necessary to develop a customized gifted-education program so that their talent in their field of interest can be fully displayed according to the gender and talent division. In addition, the teaching and learning methods and strategies of the engineering design program for the scientifically gifted middle school students should be established to fully reflect the practical needs of the talented.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.94-99
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 고등학교 지구과학 교과서 분석을 통해 지구과학 그래프의 주요 유형과 특징을 파악하고 지구과학 그래프 관련 검사지를 제작, 투입하여 고등학생들의 지구과학 그래프 해석 능력과 인식을 분석하였다. 지구과학 그래프는 타 과학 과목에 비해 그래프의 수가 많고 그 유형이 다양했다. 특히, 선 그래프와 등치선도가 많았으며, 선 그래프 중에는 다중 선 그래프와 YX 그래프 등의 비율이 높았다. 고등학교 2, 3학년생 111명을 대상으로 한 검사지 1단계에서는 '마그마의 생성 조건', '지구 자기장의 영년 변화', '과냉각 물방울과 빙정의 포화 수증기압', 'H-R도' 등에 관한 문항의 정답률이 특히 낮았다. 검사지 2단계에서는 약 $56\%$의 학생들이 지구과학 그래프의 유형이 타 과학 및 수학 과목의 그래프와 차이가 있다고 응답했다. 검사지 3단계에서는 동일한 내용이라 하더라도 그래프의 형식이나 구체적인 표현 방법에서 학생들의 이해를 높일 수 있는 방안에 대한 고민이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 학생들은 '그래프의 유형'에 대한 이해가 다소 부족하고 자신에게 익숙한 그래프를 쉽다고 생각하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서, 과학 교육자나 과학 교육과정 설계자들은 학생들에게 그래프 연습의 기회를 많이 부여하고, '그래프' 자체에 관한 교육은 물론 지구과학의 학문적 특성과 관련지어 '그래프의 유형'에 관해 체계적인 교육을 해야 할 필요가 있다.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2022

Current mathematics It is necessary to ensure that ratio and proportion concept is not distorted or broken while being treated as if they were easy to teach and learn in school. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the activities presented in the textbook. Based on prior work, this study reinterpreted the proportional reasoning task from the proportional perspective of Beckmann and Izsak(2015) to the multiplicative structure of Vergnaud(1996) in four ways. This compared how they interpreted the multiplicative structure and relationships between two measurement spaces of ratio and rate units and proportional expression and proportional distribution units presented in the revised textbooks of 2007, 2009, and 2015 curriculum. First, the study found that the proportional reasoning task presented in the ratio and rate section varied by increasing both the ratio structure type and the proportional reasoning activity during the 2009 curriculum, but simplified the content by decreasing both the percentage structure type and the proportional reasoning activity. In addition, during the 2015 curriculum, the content was simplified by decreasing both the type of multiplicative structure of ratio and rate and the type of proportional reasoning, but both the type of multiplicative structure of percentage and the content varied. Second, the study found that, the proportional reasoning task presented in the proportional expression and proportional distribute sections was similar to the previous one, as both the type of multiplicative structure and the type of proportional reasoning strategy increased during the 2009 curriculum. In addition, during the 2015 curriculum, both the type of multiplicative structure and the activity of proportional reasoning increased, but the proportional distribution were similar to the previous one as there was no significant change in the type of multiplicative structure and proportional reasoning. Therefore, teachers need to make efforts to analyze the multiplicative structure and proportional reasoning strategies of the activities presented in the textbook and reconstruct them according to the concepts to teach them so that students can experience proportional reasoning in various situations.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.565-577
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the process of constructing the geometrical solutions to quadratic equation, through proportions between lengths of similar triangles in a dynamic environment. To do this, we provided one task to 4 ninth grades students and observed the process of the students' activities and strategies. As a result of this pilot lesson study, our research shows the advantage and possibility of geometrical method in learning and teaching quadratic equation.