• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between transformational leadership(charisma, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspiration) and knowledge management, and the moderating effect of social(trust and interaction) in small business. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data are gathered and analysed from 311 subjects in Kangwon-do province. Multiple regression and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were applied to test these hypotheses: 1) the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management, 2) the moderating effect of trust on the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management, 3) the moderating effect of interaction on the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, individual consideration and inspiration leadership appeared to be positively related with all knowledge management(knowledge creation, transfer, application). Second, charisma was verified to be positively related with knowledge creation only. Third, charisma and inspirational leaderships were more positively with knowledge creation in higher trust group than in lower trust group. Fourth, intellectual stimulation and inspirational leaderships were more positively with knowledge creation in higher interaction group than in lower interaction group. Fifth, individual consideration was more positively with knowledge application in higher interaction group than in lower interaction group.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

In an electrical reliability test of a printed circuit board (PCB), the impact of the micro probing pins on the PCB needs to be checked to ascertain the quality of the circuit. In this study, the impact of the dynamic movement of the probing pin on the pad was observed. As a misaligned pin can exert horizontal force on the pad of the PCB, this study focused on the behavior of a misaligned probing pin. The parameters of observation were the circular and flat edges of the probing pin. The effects of the speed of movement, diameter, and the length of projection of the probing pin were also investigated. The results demonstrated that slippage angle is strongly affected by the shape of the edge of the probing pin, and that projection length is an important factor affecting pin slippage. In contrast, the speed of movement of the probing pin was able to double the slippage angle.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2002

A 0.19 hectare stream water purification demonstration wetland was constructed and planted with cattails from April 2001 to May 2001. Some portions of its bottom surfaces adjacent to levees have a variety of slope of 1:4 $\sim$ 1:15 and two small open water areas were installed in the wetland. These make its shape closer to a natural wetlant Nitrogen removal was a major objective of the wetlant Waters of Sinyang Stream flowing into Kohung Esturiane Lake located southern coastal region of Korean Peninsula were pumped and funneled into it. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Average inflow and outflow were 120 $m^3/d$ and 112 $m^3/d$, respectively. Hydraulic retention time was about 3.1 days. Average nitrate and total nitrogen removal rate for the early stage of the wetlands were 85.8 $mg/m^2/day$, 171.4 $mg/m^2/day$ respectively. Full establishment of cattails within a few years can develope litter-soil substrates and supply available carbon sources beneficial to the denitrification of nitrate. These can lead to increases of the nitrate retention rate. Short circuiting and dead zone areas which might be occurred due to the close-to-nature layout of the wetland were not observed during the monitoring period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2006

Open-steel-plate-girder(OSPG) bridges are one of the most prevalent bridge types among Korean railway bridges. They account for about 40% of all Korean railway bridges. However, the line-type bearings used for OSPG bridges generate several problems with respect to the bridges' dynamic behavior and maintenance. The replacement of the existing bearings with polyurethane disk bearings could be a possible solution to this problem. This type of disk bearing is an elastic bearing using a polyurethane disk. This study estimated the variations in the natural frequency of a bridge when disk bearings were installed and the bridge's dynamic behavior with a running locomotive and running trains. The first natural frequency of the bridge was 3% lower than that of the as-built bridge after the installation of the disk lower, respectively. Also, the second and third frequencies were 7 and 15% lower, respectively. The disk bearings increased the vertical displacement of the bridge, but the pure displacement, excluding the disk deformation, did not vary. The vertical acceleration did not increase when the disk bearing was installed, with trains running. The shear pin in the disk bearing reduced the lateral displacement and the acceleration of the bridge.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제20권
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• pp.89-103
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• 2007

The bedrock beneath the Chokseongnu pavilion consists of sandstone with alternate dark-gray to light-brown siltstone and dark-gray shale of the Jinju Formation, where bedding is well developed toward the Chokseongmun gate. Large to small joints and overbreak from the erosion weathering have been developed in the bedrock. Besides, water leakage from development of discontinuity planes, fragmentation of shale, crack and joint by tree roots are observed on the bedrock. While shale and siltstone showed high sensitivity in physical and chemical weathering, respectively, sandstone indicated the highest weathering sensitivity in both. As the results of structural stability analysis, the whole bedrock has high instability in wedge failures, and especially section No. II slope is more instable than section No. I. Therefore, it is necessary for the bedrock to be strengthened by improvement method for soft foundations and the surface reinforcement. The trees causing mechanical collapse of the bedrock should be also removed and a water flow prevention measure or a water exhaust are required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2020

After the COVID-19 crisis, the world's terrain has changed completely to the extent that it has been divided before and after Corona. We are living in the era of new normals, things we never thought of before Corona19, such as wearing masks everywhere, maintaining social distance, sitting on one side in the cafeteria, and online face-to-face classes. Perhaps the most seriously affected by the COVID-19 incident is the church. How should the church respond to the various problems caused by COVID-19? This study intends to re-examine the five essential missions of the church in the post-Corona19 era. The five essences are the three essential functions of the intangible church: didake (teaching), kerygma (declaration), diakonia (service), and the two essential functions of the tangible church: koinonia (association) and leiturgia (worship). Of these, koinonia and leiturgia are the most seriously threatened by the restraint of face-to-face worship in the incident of COVID-19. In times of crisis, the church needs to strengthen its vertical koinonia with God in order to perform its didake function well and increase the efficiency of the horizontal koinonia among believers. However, in the situation where face-to-face worship is desired due to social distance, teaching and proclaiming the Bible is the most important part. For this, it is considered that a specialized ministry is needed to produce high quality contents.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2010

Because it is easy to implement the scalar quantizer, it is used in various video coding systems. Although the scalar quantizer with a large quantization stepsize can reduce the amount of data, it has disadvantage that the reconstructed picture quality is poor. In this paper, we propose an efficient method which improves the coding performance by maintaining original quantization stepsize and increasing the number of quantization reconstruction levels. Simultaneously, for the purpose of solving the problem of transmitting the added symbol informations which is used to indicate the region of quantizer reconstruction level as the number of quantizer reconstruction level is increased, we also suggest the method to reduce the added informations. Therefore, for the intra-coded picture of H.264 video coding system, we generate the huffman codes for the symbol informations of quantization reconstruction regions by 4${\times}$4(horizontal 4 pixels, vertical pixels) block unit. Furthermore, for the inter-coded picture, we also generate the huffman codes for the symbol informations of quantization reconstruction regions by 8${\times}$8 blocks and 4${\times}$4 blocks within a macroblock. Adopting this method of reducing the added information by increasing the number of quantization reconstruction region, It is shown that the coding performance can be improved at the same bitrate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.256-270
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• 2016

This purpose of this study is to present a new theoretical framework on birthrate recovery in advanced countries in the 21st century. As a result of socioeconomic development and individualism diffusion, the central axis of the family has transformed from the vertical axis of the father-son relation, to the horizontal axis of the husband-wife relation. This process is divided into 2 stages. In the industrialization stage, a nation or a society achieves equality of the individual in family formation, including marriage or divorce. In the post-industrialization stage, it accomplishes the couple equality in family maintenance, including child rearing and household labor. This paper grouped 33 OECD member countries as post- industrialization countries and 103 countries as industrialization countries. This study utilizes 6 variables affecting marriage and childbearing based on previous research. Research results find that during the industrialization stage, the birthrate falls as the education level of women is higher. In the post-industrialization stage, the birthrate rises as gender equality level is higher.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.423-441
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• 2013

On 21 September 2010, one of Chuseok holidays in Korea, localized heavy rainfalls occurred over the midwestern region of the Korean peninsula. In this study MTSAT-2 infrared and water vapor channel imagery are examined to find out some features which are obvious in each stage of the life cycle of convective cell for this heavy rain event. Also the kinematic and thermodynamic features probably associated with them are investigated. The first clouds related with the Chuseok heavy rain are detected as low-level multicell cloud (brightness temperature: $-15{\sim}0^{\circ}C$) in the middle of the Yellow sea at 1630~1900 UTC on 20 Sept., which are probably associated with the convergence at 1000 hPa. Convective cells are initiated in the vicinity of Shantung peninsula at 1933 UTC 20, which have developed around the edge of the dark region in water vapor images. At two times of 0033 and 0433 UTC 21 the merging of two convective cells happens near midwestern coast of the peninsula and then they have developed rapidly. From 0430 to 1000 UTC 21, key features of convective cell include repeated formation of secondary cell, slow horizontal cloud motion, persistence of lower brightness temperature ($-75{\sim}-65^{\circ}C$), and relatively small cloud size (${\leq}-50^{\circ}C$) of about $30,000km^2$. Radar analysis showed that this heavy rain is featured by a narrow line-shaped rainband with locally heavy rainrate (${\geq}50$ mm/hr), which is located in the south-western edge of the convective cell. However there are no distinct features in the associated synoptic-scale dynamic forcing. After 1000 UTC 21 the convective cell grows up quickly in cloud size and then is dissipated. These satellite features may be employed for very short range forecast and nowcasting of mesoscale heavy rain system.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 중앙경간 54m, 교폭 4m의 사장교형식의 보도교로 측경간은 계단으로 이루어진 1경간 케이블교량을 대상으로 보행하중에 의한 수직진동을 제어하기 위해 제진장치(TMD)를 적용하기로 하고 실물 TMD의 설계 및 제작 그리고 설치 및 제어성능실험을 수행하였다. 우선 사장교형식의 교량. 그리고 1경간 교량이라는 점에서 상대적으로 감쇠율이 낮을 것으로 예측되었고 또한 54m의 경간장이 보행자가 가진 주파수에 근접한 고유진동수를 나타낼 것으로 사료되어 Eurocode 2 part 2(EC5-2)의 규준에 따라 1인 및 다수 보행하중에 의한 보도교의 발생가속도를 산출하였다. 이 경우 최대가속도는 다수의 보행자가 연속적으로 진행할 때 발생하였으며, 수직방향의 가속도가 사용성기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조해석프로그램에 의한 고유치 해석결과, 보행하중의 주파수대역내에 진동모드가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 교량의 설계단계에 있어서 보행진동을 제어하기 위하여 유지관리가 용이한 수동형의 동조질량감쇠장치(Tuned Mass Damper)를 적용하기로 하였으며 TMD의 설계에서는 TMD의 제어목표를 만족시킬 수 있는 TMD의 가동질량(moving mass)을 우선적으로 결정하였고, 이로부터 Den Hartog의 제안식에 따라 TMD의 고유진동수비, 유효감쇠비를 산정하였다. 산정된 변수들을 이용하여 설계된 TMD는 현장설치 및 튜닝의 편의성을 고려하여 수평 외팔보형식으로 설계, 제작되었으며 제작된 TMD의 경우 회전축에 대해 질량, 스프링, 댐퍼의 중심거리를 조정함으로써 TMD의 진동수, 강성, 감쇠력을 상대적으로 매우 용이하게 조절할 수 있으며, 조정범위 또한 광범위하여 일반 TMD에 비해 현장설치시 대상구조물에 동조시키기가 용이하며, 작동시 마찰감쇠가 거의 없다는 장점이 있다. 현장설치전에 제작된 TMD를 대상으로 자유진동 시험을 통하여 질량의 중심거리, 스프링 크기 그리고 댐퍼의 설치유무를 각각 변화시키며 TMD의 자유진동 데이터를 취득하였다. 각각의 시험에서 얻어진 데이터로부터 스펙트럼해석을 통하여 고유진동수를 구하였고, 자유진동 파형으로 부터 감쇠비를 구하였다. TMD는 일반적으로 제어모드의 변형형상이 가장 큰 곳에 설치되었을 때 최대의 제진효과를 발휘할 수 있다. 그러나 현장여건상 설치가 불가능하거나 미관을 해치는 경우에는 가능한 범위 내에서 TMD 제어효율이 가장 크게 발휘할 수 있는 곳을 선택하여야 한다. 본 보도교의 경우, 중앙경간 중심부에서 가장 큰 모드변형형상을 나타내지만, 보도교의 상판 연결부 등에 따른 TMD 시공문제로 인하여 TMD 설치위치는 교량 중앙에서 양 방향으로 1.25m 떨어진 곳에 대칭으로 총 2기를 설치하기로 하였다. 일반적으로 TMD의 모든 설계변수는 구조물의 설계단계에서 수행된 구조해석결과에 근거하여 설정하므로 완공된 구조물, 즉 실제보도교의 동적특성을 계측하여 정확하게 진동수를 튜닝하여야 한다. 구조해석에 의한 보도교의 수직방향(TMD 작동방향) 고유진동수는 1.5225 Hz이며, 감쇠비는 규준에 의하여 0.6 %로 가정하였다. 그러나 이 값들은 구조해석모델 및 재료적 특성과 시공상의 오차에 의하여 실제와 다를 수 있으므로 현장계측에 의한 확인이 요구된다. 또한 TMD의 제진효율이 설계시의 목표대로 확보되었는지도 확인해야 하므로 현장튜닝 및 성능시험을 실시하였다. 보도교의 가진은 사전에 실시한 상시 미진동계측결과를 토대로 2Hz를 목표로 하여 인력가진실험을 수행하였고, 탁월진동 주파수는 1.9896Hz로 나타나 구조해석결과와 오차가 있음을 알 수 있다. 가진실험결과를 토대로 TMD의 진동수를 최적진동수비로 튜닝하고 인력가진 실험을 다시 실시하여 TMD의 진동제어성능을 검토하였다. TMD 튜닝 전, 후의 보도교 감쇠비를 비교한 결과, TMD를 설치함으로써 약 4.218%의 감쇠비 증가가 있음을 알 수 있다.