• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the students' responses when students were confronted with anomalous situations in physics. 16 students were selected from one middle school in Busan by examining the pre-test results. To measure students' responses and cognitive conflict levels, written Cognitive Conflict Levels Test(CCLT) developed in a previous study was used together with interviews. Students' responses were tape-recorded. Two kinds of anomalous situations were presented. One was a quantitative demonstration with scale, the other was a qualitative demonstration without scale. In the quantitative group, all students observed anomalous situations correctly. However, in the qualitative group, many of their observations of anomalous situations were incorrect. The students who observed anomalous situations based on preconceptions tended not to abandon their preconceptions, and suggested confirmation experiments which were supposedly to support their preconceptions. The students who recognized results very differently from their preconceptions when confronted with anomalous situations abandoned their preconceptions and suggested alternative experiments. The students who changed their beliefs about preconceptions showed higher cognitive conflict levels than who didn't abandon their preconceptions.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2017

As a comparative study on the value of design concept between service provider (Developer) and service receiver (Customer) group, the aims of this study was to present a service model focused on Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) based on U-health care and user environment. Double Diamond-based methods led to a case study that conducted jointly by the department of otolaryngology in U hospital, Ulsan. By targeted on Sleep Apnea patients from the stage of diagnosis to CPAP treatment, variety of meaningful experiences have been extracted and classified into several types of customers. In the final analysis of the 13 service scenario models, Kano Satisfaction and Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement Index (PCSI) were conducted with the customers, yet Score Model and Concept Position were evaluated by the service provider groups who engaged in development services. The results of this study showed that 7 items in the total of 12 items reached a consensus of viewpoint on value between service receiver and service provider, which the attributes of the service model are based on user environment. Whereas the other 5 items showed the divergent viewpoint on value which included the attributes of U-healthcare service model.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.638-646
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the correlation between anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in ripe and unripe fruits of three peach cultivars: Miwhang (MH), Kanoiwa hakuto (KH) and Cheonhong (CH). The unripe fruits had higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids contents than those in the ripe fruits of all the three cultivars. The unripe fruits of CH showed the highest levels of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities among the fruit samples analyzed. Nitric oxide inhibition values in RAW 264.7 cells for the unripe fruits of MH and KH were 30 and 29%, respectively. However, the inhibition was not observed in unripe CH and the ripe fruits of either cultivar. Total phenols and flavonoids contents showed high linear correlations with the anti-oxidant activities whereas the anti-inflammatory activity had low linear correlations with them.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2018

This study analyzed the influence of folding time on the forge welded bar and hammer scale produced using the traditional refining and forge welding reproduction experiment. In the case of the forge welded bar, increasing the forging time decreased the percentage of impurities and porosity from 26.09% to 1.8%. Additionally, the hardness increased by an average of 36.88 HV. In other words, the microstructure gradually became more precise. For the hammer scale, the amount of T Fe increased with forging time. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of quartz, fayalite, $w{\ddot{u}stite$, and magnetite. The amount of quartz decreased as the forging time increased. In addition, as the forging time increased, the granular $w{\ddot{u}stite$ changed into a cohesive, long, white band. The results provide information on the characteristics of the forge welded bar and hammer scale produced in the refining and forging process. This information can be used as technical data for ancient steel making processes as well as for future technological systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia is important, as it is implicated in the development of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. An inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-amylase which acts in the first step of carbohydrate digestion, is expected to be a suppressor of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated the porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flower, leaf, stem and grain. Flower, leaf, stem and grain of buckwheat were extracted by water and ethanol (40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Flower and leaf extracts were more effective ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors than stem and grain extracts in all tested solutions. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts or powders on the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities. At concentrations of $0.5%{\sim}10%$ (w/w, starch basis), the flower extracts of 40%, 70% and 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90% and the results were similar to the values of acarbose. At the same concentrations, the leaf extracts of 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90%. These results suggest that buckwheat flower and leaf ethanol extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and lower postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2011

Styela plicata of large (9.82~11.66 g) and small (0.93~2.21 g) sizes harvested at different times was extracted with 4 different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water). DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power was the highest in acetone extracts of small ones (38.98% and 1.724, respectively) harvested in November. The lowest radical scavenging activity was found in water extracts of large ones (12.03% and 0.114) in December. On the other hand, large ones harvested in September showed significantly higher inhibition rate of DNA damage (water, 56.54%; methanol, 55.83%; ethanol, 48.63%) than others. Overall, the water extraction of S. plicata tended to show a higher antigenotoxic effect. In addition, water extracts of large S. plicata from November showed the highest angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (64.38%), while that of small ones from December exhibited the lowest (51.33%). Overall the results indicate that antioxidant and antihypertensive activities S. plicata are variable depending on harvesting time, size, and extraction solvent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2015

The study is to develop specific strategies to prevent adolescents' depression, early detection and intervention services. This study was a descriptive research study with the purpose of predictors of protective factors for depression in adolescent using decision making tree analysis. The subjects for the study were 485 student in G city. This study collected data between September 23, 2013 and September 26, 2013 and analyzed them with frequency analysis, percentage, the mean and standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and a decision-making tree by using SPSS 20.0 program. From the data analysis, the predictive model for protective factors related to depression in adolescent with 4 pathways, 12 nodes. The common predicting variables of depression in adolescent were characteristics, family cohesion, parent adolescent communication, peer communication. The specialty of training data and test data was 76.0% and 65.4%. The sensitivity of training data was 78.2% and 63.7%. As for the classification accuracy, training data and test data explained 70.1% and 69.7%. Parent adolescent communication and peer communication to decrease depression of Korean middle and high school students are necessary. This study should contribute as baseline data for intervention strategies and planning ability of depression prevention in adolescents.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

The number of reported traumatic injuries has been increasing in recent years, particularly that of dental trauma in children and adolescents. While the risks associated with dental trauma in this population have been increasingly realized, domestic reports on this issue seem to be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma and to evaluate the relevant risk factors and the level of self-recognition. 1,371 adolescents attending middle schools at Yangsan were surveyed via clinical examination and questionnaire; the results were as follows: According to the clinical examination, the overall prevalence of dental trauma was 16.8% with preponderance of males (19.2%) compared to females (13.7%) (p < 0.05). The average number of injured teeth per adolescent with a history of trauma was 1.34. Comparing the prevalence, maxillary central incisors and enamel fracture occupied the highest ranks by tooth type and mode of trauma, respectively. Class II division 1 malocclusion and overjet exceeding 8.0 mm were identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). The degree of self-recognition of dental trauma showed a low coincidence rate compared with results of the clinical examination. Males expressed a higher level of satisfaction toward the results of treatment for dental trauma than females (p < 0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.361-369
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of group discussion and classroom discussion in the scientific modeling of the particulate model of matter. 7th graders in Seoul participated in this study. We implemented science instructions based on the GEM cycle of scientific modeling. We analyzed the differences between group discussion and classroom discussion in three steps: exploring thoughts, comparing thoughts, and drawing conclusions. We also looked into the level of argumentations of the students in the modeling activities. The analysis of the results indicated that students generated a group model by extracting commonalities from each model of their group members, and then they evaluated and modified the group model by comparing the differences among the models in classroom discussion. The main step involved in group discussion was 'exploring thoughts', whereas in classroom discussion it was 'comparing thoughts'. Although the levels of argumentation among the students were generally low, most students participated with enthusiasm, as they expressed their interest and had positive perception in the modeling activities. As a result, the modeling activities were found to have positive influences on concept development. Some suggestions to implement the modeling activities in science teaching effectively were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

Forty different apartment houses were subjected to assess the status of indoor - landscaping plants found at each apartment house in Seoul for the year of 1986 and 7989. 1. Comparing with those of 1986, 46% increase in total indoor plant species and 68% increase in the number of them were observed. The most abundant sort found in 1786 was oriental orchid, African violet, Scindapsus, cacti, and Clivia, and in 1989, first with oriental orchid, cacti, Chlorophytum, Clivia and Dracaena, in that order. 2. Foliage ornamental plants were mast popularly found in both years of 1986 and 1989 when considered for horticultural classification of plants. 3. Average plant height ranged between 15 to 30 cm in the year of i986, whereas 31 to 80 cm in 1987, indicaling that the size of plants has greatly increased. 4. Kind of planters or containers was most frequently shown to be made of plastic material in both years, and the porcelain ones have significantly been increased to use recently. 5. Most indoor plants placed at the rooms were on the floor in those years, yet the use of planting shelves became particularly manifesting in the year of 1989. 6. Fittonia and cacti were the most frequently used plant materials for installing terrariums at apartment rooms In the year of 1986, whereas Adiantum and Maranta were so in 1989, indicating that the growers choose much adaptable species in apartment environments. Most of the plants grown to landscaping the indoors was apartment verandas in those years. 8. Average number of indoor plants possessed at each apartment houses surveyed for the year of 1986 was 16 different ones, whereas 27 each In 1789, shoving a noteworthy increase in the number. 9. There have been apparent increase and improvement inhabitant's indoor - plant interest in the years to pass and probably to come.