• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2017

Postmenopausal women are at increased risk for osteoporosis and obesity due to changes in hormones. The relationship between osteoporosis and body weight is known, and its relation with body fat mass is discussed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density(BMD) changes of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) and abdominal subcutaneous fat. The subjects of this study were 160 postmenopausal women who underwent BMD and echocardiography. The thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue was measured in three sections and the BMD were meassured according to the diagnostic criteria. The results of this study that age increase the risk of osteoporosis increases, and as the weight and BMI decrease, the risk of osteoporosis increases(p<0.05). The relationship between changes in bone mineral density and adipose tissue in postmenopausal women, increased epicardial adipose tissue was negatively correlated with the bone mineral density(p<0.05). conversely, increased abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness was positively correlated with bone mineral density(p<0.05). In other words, the effect of bone mineral density on the location of adipose tissue was different. If Echocardiography is used to periodically examine changes in the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue, it may be prevented before proceeding to osteoporosis.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is a mixture of various oil substances composed of alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc.). In this study, we investigated 92 groundwater wells around 36 gas stations to evaluate distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons. Groundwater in the wells was sampled and monitored twice a year. The fraction analysis method of TPH was developed based on TNRCC 1006. The test results indicated aliphatic and aromatic fractions accounted for 28.6 and 73.8%, respectively. The detection frequencies of TPH in the monitoring wells ranged in 21.6 - 24.2%. The average concentration of TPH was 0.11 mg/L with the concentration range of 0.25~0.99 mg/L. In the result of TPH fraction analysis, in aliphatic fractions were 19% (C6-C8 : 0.2%, C8-C10 : 0.4%, C10-C12 : 0.4%, C12-C16 : 0.5%, C16-C22 : 1.0%, C22-C36 : 16.6%), and aromatic fractions were 81% (C6-C8 : 1.1%, C8-C10 : 0%, C10-C12 : 2.9%, C12-C16 : 0.3%, C16-C22 : 4%, C22-C36 : 66.8%). Fractions of C22-C36 were detected in about 83% of the monitoring wells, suggesting non-degradable characteristics of hydrocarbons with high carbon content.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

In this study, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) modified by methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and folate as a gene carrier was synthesized to decrease cytotoxicity and to improve in vivo targeting. mPEG was modified by glutaric anhydride (GA) to endow carboxylic end group, followed by the activation reaction with EDC (N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide) and NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide). The activated carboxylic end group of mPEG was reacted with the amines of PEI to give mPEG graft PEI. The mPEG-folate-graft-PEI was synthesized by the reaction of mPEG-PEI with folate pre-activated by EDC/NHS. The obtained copolymers were characterized by $^1H-NMR$ and FT-IR. Gel retardation assay and fluorescence measurement indicated that DNA formed the complexes with the synthesized copolymers above N/P charge ratio 2. The size of complexes was ranging from 100 nm to 300 m. In conclusion, we confirmed that the synthesized copolymer have the possibility as a DNA carrier.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.655-659
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• 2008

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a rare and poorly understood manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in children. The characteristic clinical feature of IPO is obstruction without an identifiable obstructive lesion. The authors a 13-year-old girl whose first symptom of SLE was IPO. The patient presented with a 3-day history of nausea, bilious vomiting, abdominal distention, and no bowel movement. Simple abdominal radiographs revealed mild dilatation with partial air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Abdominal CT and methylcellulose small bowel studies showed massive ascites, engorgement of the small mesenteric vessels, pleural effusion, and diffuse bowel wall thickening of the gastric antrum, duodenum. and jejunum. The delayed passage of contrast for 15 days after the methylcellulose small bowel studies was suggestive of decreased bowel motility. Laboratory findings were positive for ANA, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith and lymphopenia. After 10-day treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, the symptoms improved. IPO associated with SLE should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Early recognition of IPO in SLE and appropriate therapy are important for prevention of complications and unnecessary surgery. This case raises awareness among pediatricians that although rare, IPO can be the presenting symptom of SLE in children.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

Expression of an anionic peroxidase swpa2 gene isolated from cultured cells of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) was investigated under various stress conditions by RT-PCR. The swpa2 gene was not expressed in any tissues of intact sweetpotato plant grown at the normal condition. The expression of this gene was strongly induced in leaf tissue by treatment of $H_2O$$_2$ (440mM). Treatment of NaCl (100mM), ABA (0.1mM) and methyl jasmonate(MeJA, 0.1mM) also induced the expression of swpa2 gene. Interestingly, salicylic acid (SA, 0.1 mM) did not induce the expression of swpa2 gene, indicating that anionic swpa2 POD is differently involved in SA and MeJA signaling pathways. In addition, swpa2 gene was strongly induced in sweetpoato leaf tissues infected with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi, indicating that swpa2 is involved in defense related to the pathogenesis of P. chrysanthemi in sweetpotato plants. These results strongly suggest that swpa2 gene is involved in overcoming oxidative stresses caused by both abiotic and biotic stress.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

Objectives: We wanted to determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors and we wanted to evaluate the related factors in young schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome was conducted in an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We evaluated fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressures and the body mass index, and we used parent-reported questionnaires to assess the potential risk factors in 261 children (136 boys, 125 girls). We defined the metabolic risk factors as obesity or at risk for obesity ($\geqq$ 85th percentile for age and gender), a systolic or diastolic blood pressure at $\geqq90th$ percentile for age and gender, fasting glucose at $\geqq110mg/dl$, triglyceride at $\geqq110mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol at $\leqq40mg/dl$. Results: There were 15.7% of the subjects who showed clustering of two or more metabolic risk factors, 2.3% of the subjects who showed clustering for three or more risk factors, and 0.8% of the subjects who showed clustering for four or more risk factors. A multivariate analysis revealed that a father smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, a mother with a body mass index of = $25kg/m^2$, and the child eating precooked or frozen food more than once per day were associated with clustering of two or more components, with the odds ratios of 3.61 (95% CI=1.24-10.48), 5.50 (95% CI=1.39-21.73) and 8.04 (95% CI=1.67-38.81), respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that clustering of the metabolic risk factors is present in young schoolchildren in Korea, with the clustering being associated with parental smoking and obesity as well as the child's eating behavior. These results suggest that evaluation of metabolic risk factors and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in both young Korean children and their parents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Pyrrosia lingua which belongs to Polypodiaceae has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary system inflammation, urination disorder, and bronchitis. However, there are not enough phytochemical and pharmacological studies of P. lingua up to now. Here in this study, the protective effect of MeOH extract of whole plant of Pyrrosia lingua (MPL) against 2% glucose-induced toxicity was investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. We found that MPL significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type nematode under normal culture condition. MPL also effectively recovered the decreased lifespan caused by 2% glucose-toxicity. In addition, MPL efficiently attenuated the increased glucose concentration inside of nematode. Further studies evaluating diabetes-related factors revealed that MPL reduced both intracellular ROS and lipid accumulation which were up-regulated under 2% glucose supplement condition. Our data also showed that MPL improved the 2% glucose-induced shortened body movement of nematode. Lastly, we carried out genetic studies using several single gene knockout mutants to establish the possible target of MPL. Our results demonstrated that genes such as daf-2 and daf-16 were responsible for the protective activity of MPL against 2% glucose-induced toxicity. These results indicate that MPL exerts protective action against 2% glucose via regulation of insulin/IGF-1 sinaling pathway and FOXO activation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2014

The occurrence of post-harvest diseases and their pathogens in 'Campbell Early' which is the most produced grape in Korea was investigated. The 'Campbell Early' grapes produced in 3 main grape-producing areas were stored in a cold room ($0-4^{\circ}C$) for 2 weeks then at room temperature for 4 weeks prior to investigation. The major post-harvest diseases occurred were gray mold, blue mold, ripe rot, new decay 1, and new decay 2. Pathogens isolated from the symptoms were identified as Botrytis cinerea for gray mold, Penicillium sclerotiorum for blue mold and Collectrichum acutatum for ripe rot. Pathogens for new decay 1 and new decay 2 were not identified yet. Incidences of new decay 1 and new decay 2 were much higher than the other 3 decays in all grapes produced from 3 areas. Gray mold and blue mold occurred at much lower frequencies than these two decays, and ripe rot occurred least.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.10 s.159
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• pp.841-849
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• 2005

Two-phase flows, e.g. sediment-laden flow and bubbly flow, have two different flow profiles; flow velocity and sediment velocity. To measure velocity distributions of two-phase flows, it is necessary to use sophisticated instruments which can separate velocity profiles of two-phases. For bubbly flows, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) or PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) has given fairly good velocity profiles of two-phases. However, for sediment-laden flows, the applications of PIV or PTV has not been so successful, because the sediment particles introduced to the flow kept the images from being analyzed. A new algorithm, which consists of several image analysis methods, is proposed to analyze sediment-laden flows. For detection algorithm, threshold method, edge detection method, and thinning method are adapted, and for finding matching pair PIV and PTV routines are combined. The proposed method can (1) detect sediment particles with irregular boundaries, (2) remove reflected images and scattered images, and (3) discriminate tracer particles from reflected images of sediment particles.