• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.216-234
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• 2012

This study examined the characteristics of verbal interactions presented in TS activities with different tasks' openness levels by the cognitive levels of students through the implementation of TS program to 14 fifth graders in gifted class. Results of this study revealed that the open-type TS activities showed higher percentages of verbal interactions than the guiding-type TS activities showed and that the higher the open level of tasks was, the more high-level verbal interactions occurred. These results were showed in almost all subcomponents of verbal interactions. The results according to the students' cognitive levels showed that the higher the cognitive level of students was, higher frequency of interactions, high-level verbal interactions and a variety of verbal interactions occurred. The influence of both cognitive level of students and the task's openness on verbal interactions among students seemed to be interactive, however. In guiding-type activities, the percentage of high-level verbal interactions was not high although the cognitive level of students was high. And students in low level of cognition showed far lower frequency of interactions and their percentage of high-level verbal interactions was low even though the openness of the tasks was high. The results of this study meant that although open-type activities drew higher level verbal interactions by stimulating students' thought, the effects would be limited owing to their low cognitive level. Based on these findings, an implication was suggested that it is important to design instructional strategies and adjust openness level of TS activities to students' cognitive level so as to stimulate the thinking of students in lower cognitive level and to highten their engagement in activities.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.99-125
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• 2012

Teacher-child interaction was included in kindergarten and child care center accreditation evaluation and is considered as important as teaching and learning methods in the newly implemented Nuri curriculum. The purpose of this study was to confirm the difference of levels (emotional. verbal, behavioral) for the style of the interaction between teachers and children in kindergarten and child-care centers and to analyze direct effect and interaction effect, according to institution(kindergarten, childcare center). teacher(age, educational career, academic career), and child group(child number, child age) variables. The subjects in this study were 191 teachers in kindergartens and child-care centers in G region in Seoul. The overall average of the teacher-child interaction (emotional, verbal and behavioral interactions) was significantly higher, and there were not significant differences depending on the institution type and child group. According to the results of this study, factors of teacher characteristics affected the teacher-child interaction more than child-concerned variables.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.470-480
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science inquiry experiments emphasizing social interaction on the development of process skills of the students. The social interactions by cognitive level of the students were also analyzed. For this study, 197 8th grade students were sampled. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group. During four-month period, the experimental group received science inquiry experiments treatment emphasizing social interactions while the control group received traditional treatment. Not only science inquiry ability pretest-posttest, but also multiple data collection method such as a questionnaire, class observation, and audio/video recording were used in collecting the data. According to the results of this study, it was found that the mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 0.05 level. It was also found that the students of high cognitive level led the peers and participated in the class discussion actively with the teacher while the students of low cognitive level followed the students of high cognitive level and showed inactive interaction with the teacher. Analysis of the students' perceptions on inquiry experiments showed that students participated in discussion actively in the class as these experiments gave an opportunity for them to discuss and were able to solve the problems with peers' help through discussion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

In this study, we experimented with experience of digital signage using Virtual Reality technology, and the difference between presence and interactivity in brand experience and digital signage attitude. We conducted a two-way MANOVA analysis with cognitive presence, emotional presence, and media presence as the independent variable and interactivity level(high vs low) as dependent variables and the brand experience and attitude as dependent variables. First, cognitive presence was found to be most effective through behavioral experience when low interactivity. Second, emotional presence also has a positive effect on emotional experience when the level of interactivity is low. Third, media presence has a positive effect on emotional experience if the level of interactivity is low. This study suggests a communication strategy to communicate presence according to the characteristics of media strategy and technology through appropriate level of interactivity when using digital technology. Future research requires a qualitative approach rather than a quantitative one in terms of interactivity.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.277-296
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• 2013

The current study examined the effects of teacher efficacy, and level of professionalism in the subject of interaction of teachers and children. The data collected in this study shows the following results. First, teachers over thirty years-old tend to show a higher level of teacher efficacy, level of professionalism and interaction of teachers and children compare to teachers who are under thirty. In categories, such as teacher efficacy and level of professionalism, accreditation experience caused significant difference. The group of teachers who had more than two times of accreditation experience show higher teacher efficacy than the group of teachers that had no experience, and the previous groups' level of professionalism was higher than the rest. Second, teacher efficacy has positive correlation in level of professional- ism and interaction of teachers and children. Level of professionalism of childcare teachers has positive correlation with interaction of teachers and children. Third, when examining the relative effect of socio-demographic variables, teacher efficacy and level of professionalism on interaction of teachers and children, mature teachers have more influence on verbal interaction of teachers and children; the teachers who have longer career have more influence on behavioral interaction of teachers and children. By and large, teachers who are older and have higher teacher efficacy and level of professionalism gain more influence on overall interaction of teachers and children.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed verbal interactions in small group science learning using smart devices by the level of prior achievement. Four heterogeneous groups at a coed high school in Seoul participated. Verbal interactions during small group science learning were audio- and video-taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Verbal interactions were analyzed at the levels of a turn and an interaction unit. The results revealed that the frequencies of verbal interactions were high in task category, especially at information explanation, information question, and reflection on standards subcategories. Furthermore, the frequencies of high-level students at direction explanation, reflection on standards and progress subcategories were higher than those of low-level students, and the frequencies of low-level students at direction question and information explanation subcategories were higher than their counterpart. In the analyses of the interaction units, the frequencies in symmetric elaborated interaction were high, especially at cumulative and evaluative subcategories.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish smart signage in a certain space and to analyze not only media ingestion and advertising inducement as well as any information (high vs. low vs. low) and flow level And the memory effect related to whether or not to remember. The results of this study show that the higher the interaction level and the higher the engagement level, the higher the advertising engagement is. In addition, media involvement was high when interaction level was low and flow level was high. Finally, if the level of interactivity is low and the level of flow is high, then non - valued attribution information is more likely to be recalled than the comprehensive evaluation information. If the interaction of smart signage is high and the flow of users is low, Recalled more recall information. In the future, detailed strategies for enhancing user flow will be needed rather than a strategy for unconditional enhancement of interaction in smart signage strategy.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to reveal the difference of teacher-child interaction in relation to professionalism awareness and sensitivity level of early childhood teachers. To this end, we used professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction as parameters for 226 early childhood teachers in Jeonbuk province. Here are the results : First, we investigated the difference of professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction in relation to the background of early childhood teachers, and it differs by the age, career, educational level of the teachers. Second, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on professionalism awareness level of teachers, and teachers with high professionalism awareness showed meaningfully higher emotional, verbal, behavioral interaction level than lower group. Third, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on sensitivity level, and teachers of high sensitivity shows meaningfully higher emotional, verbal interaction than lower group. This result could be potential data to ameliorate the quality of teacher-child interaction, and it implies that the improvement of professionalism and sensitivity level could contribute to professional performance capability of teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

This study examined how the memory effect and the brand attitude effect differ according to the interaction (high / low) and the involvement (high / low) of digital signage. The two-way MANOVA analysis using SPSS 18 was used for the empirical analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, GRM is recalled if the level of interactivity and inffence of digital signage is low, but if both conditions are high, ARM recalls. Second, if the interaction of digital signage is low and the level of engagement is high, a lot of memory information is formed that forms the overall attitude of the product. In addition, even though the interaction level is high and the engagement is low, the attitude cognitive response through the overall evaluation is formed rather than the attribute information. Third, brand attitude was positive when interactivity level was high and engagement level was high.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.416-424
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of learning motivation on interaction in online collaborative learning. The study subjects are 79 university students who take courses in teaching. Learning motivations measured the intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, tasks value, control of learning beliefs, test anxiety, self-efficacy, goal orientation by MSLQ. Next, the level of interaction was measured by online collaborative tasks. The group for online cooperation tasks consisted of four to five people and random assignment. The level of interaction was used frequency and score that quantitative Value assess. The collected data were analysed using multiple regression analysis(stepwise). As a result, self-efficacy and extrinsic goal orientation, tasks value, mastery goal orientation were positive effect on frequency and score. next, test anxiety and performance avoid goal orientation were negative effect on frequency and score.